Duke Zhuang The winter of the eighth year of the eighth year, Duke Xiang of Qi Duke Xiang of Qi launched a coup, and with the help of Lian Zheng and Guan Zhifa, he killed Duke Xiang of Qi in Guqi, which is the south of Boxing County, Shandong Province today. Judging from the existing records of "Spring and Autumn" and "Zuo Zhuan" and referring to "Records of the Grand Historian", we will find many doubts and many incomprehensible problems.
For example, the first question is the time of the coup. According to the "Spring and Autumn Annals", Duke Xiang of Qi died in Guiwei, November 1, the eighth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, that is, November 6. However, the records in "Zuo Zhuan" are different, and the time is delayed by one month, that is, "In December of winter, the Duke of Qi traveled to Guqi", and was killed. " Gongyang Zhuan " and "Guliang Zhuan" both follow the records of "Spring and Autumn Annals", which is November 6, 8th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu. This time should be the time provided by Qi State to come to the funeral. "Zuo Zhuan" was written later than "Spring and Autumn", and it was a work produced to understand the Spring and Autumn Period. It is logical that it should be inherited from the time recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, the changes in "Zuo Zhuan" did not explain, which caused obvious contradictions. If this phenomenon was not for the copying error of "Zuo Zhuan" during its circulation, there would be another possibility, that is, "Spring and Autumn" was missed during its circulation, and the word "two" was missed as "one". According to the ancient calendar, it is better to be in December on the day of Guiwei. Therefore, the time of "Zuo Zhuan" may be correct.
The second question is, is Gongsun Wuzhi, Lian Cheng, and Guan Zhifu the murderer of Duke Xiang of Qi on the spot? How should they divide the labor? If, according to the description of "Zuo Zhuan", the murderer who killed Duke Xiang of Qi found that "it is not a king, it is not a similar person." After killing Mengyang, he continued to search and found the description of Duke Xiang of Qi. The murderer at the scene did not know Duke Xiang of Qi. If it were Gongsun Wuzhi, or even someone like Lian Cheng and Guan Zhifu, who would have known Duke Xiang of Qi, would not have said such speculative words. Of course, more importantly, as Gongsun Wuzhi, who killed the monarch and pursued usurpation, the most important task at this time should not be to commit suicide by himself, but how to occupy Linzi . After the announcement of the death of Duke Xiang of Qi, the officials of Qi State supported themselves as the monarch of Qi State in Taimiao of Qi State.
Therefore, at this time, Gongsun Wuzhi would not have participated in the murder in Guqi, but should have led the army to Linzi. Lian Zheng and Guan Zhifu are close to Gu Qi, and the possibility of participating in the murder is very high, but they will not do it on the spot, but should be the commander and contactor who besieged Gu Qi. For example, as a rebellion, the first thing to do is to siege a group of officials who followed Duke Xiang of Qi to hunt in winter. In particular, the sons of Duke Xiang of Qi who came with him should be quickly arrested, and even the sons of Duke Xi of Qi, , , that is, all the more legal heirs of the monarch of Qi. Only such actions and arrangements can the purpose of the coup be successfully achieved and in line with the state of "doing randomly" coup in Qi.
The third question is, did Gongsun Wuzhi's coup move realize the occupation of the capital of Linzi at the first time? From the writings of "Zuo Zhuan", we can see that Lian Cheng and Guan Zhifu were important forces in seeking to support Gongsun Wuzhi. These two men guard Kuiqiu, which may lead a certain number of armed forces, and are very close to Linzi, and the journey is within one day. However, after Lian Cheng and Guan Zhifu killed Duke Xiang of Qi, they would not go directly to Linzi to announce their deaths, and asked the junior high school doctors to express their support for Gongsun Wuzhi, because they did not have such qualifications and authority. Other Qi doctors, especially Guo and Gao Ershi, who are ruling doctors, would not obey their mercy. In view of this, Guqi, as the first place of the coup, should have been in Guqi, rather than rushing to Linzi.
Therefore, a reasonable inference should be that after Lian Cheng and Guan Zhifu succeeded in killing Duke Xiang of Qi, he should immediately write a letter to Gongsun Wuzhi and wait to join forces with Gongsun Wuzhi before going to Linzi. Therefore, Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellious forces will not occupy Linzi as soon as possible.
The fourth question, is it possible for Gongsun Wuzhi to become the king of Qi without bloodshed? If we only rely on the words and phrases in "Zuo Zhuan", we would think that after Lian Cheng and Guan Zhifa conspired to kill Duke Xiang of Qi, they would easily allow Gongsun Wuzhi to succeed the throne. But to be honest, the possibility of this is very low! First of all, Gongsun Wuzhi was neither the son of Duke Xi of Qi nor the son of Duke Xiang of Qi. He was not only not a legal heir to the throne, but was even far from the right to inherit the throne. Under such circumstances, the ministers of Qi would not easily let Gongsun Wuzhi ascend the throne. Secondly, Duke Xiang of Qi died in another place. Only by confirming the death news can the ceremony of the new king ascendance to the throne be held in the Taimiao of Qi. In this way, it will be even more difficult for the new king to ascend the throne. Third, the conflict between Duke Xiang of Qi and Gongsun Wuzhi has long been made public, and the restrictions and demotion of Gongsun Wuzhi have long begun. Therefore, it can be imagined that there should not be many Gongsun Wuzhi's party in Linzi City.
Therefore, in Linzi City, there is no possibility of coping with Gongsun’s ignorance inside and outside. In this way, it was very difficult for Gongsun Wuzhi to easily enter Linzi and announce that he became the king of Qi. In addition, judging from the rebellious behaviors that have occurred in various countries since the Spring and Autumn Period, whether successful or not, it is without exception a fight supported by force. For example, Shu Duan, the younger brother of Duke Zhuang of Zheng, was a blatant rebellion under armed separatism, which was closer to the rebellion of Gongsun Wuzhi, but Shu Duan was a younger brother and also a legitimate son. With his mother's support, he was closer to the throne. Others such as Wei State Weizhou Xu and Chen State Chen Tuo Chen Tuo were successfully usurped because they were young masters and held military power. Lu State The rebellion of Prince Cheng and Song State Hua was the important ministers around the king to rebel. Although these two were also from the princes, they were already far from blood, so they dared not to overthrow it, so they could only elect the legitimate prince to take the throne. It can be seen from this that if Gongsun Wuzhi had not been armed rebellion, there would have been no possibility of success.
The fifth question is, why does Gongzi Ji , as the "right to be the king", "do things randomly" and go to Lu? If Prince Jiu is "opportune", the greatest possibility is to have the identity of Prince Xiang of Qi. However, if Prince Jiu was the crown prince, there were two possibilities when Duke Xiang of Qi was killed. One was that Duke Xiang of Qi went to Guqi to hunt with him, but he lived in a different place from Duke Xiang of Qi, so he escaped this murder, or the killer's mission was only to kill Duke Xiang of Qi without involving Prince Jiu. If this is true, it means that the group of people really hired murderers, and because of their inaccuracies, the young master escaped. The second is that Gongzi Jiu did not go out to hunt with him. When Duke Xiang of Qi was killed, others were still in Linzi Middle School. However, after hearing Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellion, he was captured by Gongsun Wuzhi's great power and had to escape into Lu. Considering that Guan Zhong is accompanied by Gongzijiu, I can't believe this.
Generally speaking, hunting for the four seasons of ancient monarchs was a major event for the country, and the prince was in charge when traveling and the prince was accompanying him. Therefore, the first possibility is that the young master Jiu was hunting with Guqi, but the incident happened suddenly, so he fled into Shandong in panic and even under pursuit. This was an emergency response. Although Guan Zhong is the assistant, this is probably the only way.
The sixth question, where should Gongsun Wuzhi launch a coup? The previous article once argued that Gongsun Wuzhi was the son of Yi Zhongnian, and Yi Zhongnian might be enfeoffed to Yi land while he was alive. The Yi Kingdom was destroyed by Qi and its geographical location is in the west of Jimo County, Shandong Province. Gongsun Wuzhi might have cultivated personal armed forces here and waited for an opportunity to launch a coup. However, Jimo is far away from Linzi, 200 kilometers. It is entirely possible that ancient messengers traveled and went in half a month. Therefore, Gongsun Wuzhi started to send troops to Linzi to seize power from here. Since it is not very sure whether to successfully kill Duke Xiang of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi's best way is to wait for the "good news" of Lian Zheng and Guan Zhifu in his fief.
Jimo: The land of the ancient Yi Kingdom
As an inference, Gongsun Wuzhi should have been proud after waiting for "good news"! So he quickly dispatched troops and announced the death of Duke Xiang of Qi on the road. At the same time, he spread the story of how Duke Xiang of Qi was stupid and indecent, how debauchery and shameless, and how he wanted to "do the way for heaven". This was obviously to surrender to him along the way and call for him to participate in the rebellion together. Such a rebellious script is probably the script that has been copied for thousands of years in Chinese history, and is also the most convenient and reasonable script. Gongsun Wuzhi would not be so ignorant that he would not do this.
But the plot will not continue to develop with Gongsun Wuzhi's wishes. When Gongsun Wuzhi's troops arrived at Yonglin, the farce ended.
The seventh question, why did Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellion end in Yonglin? According to the eighth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu in "Zuo Zhuan", "At first, Gongsun Wuzhi abused Yonglin." Then in the ninth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, Zuo Zhuan wrote that "in the spring of the ninth year, Yongli killed ignorantly." There are two historical statements about Yonglin. The first is the statement represented by "Records of the Grand Historian", which rewrites the word Yonglin in "Zuo Zhuan" into Yonglin, and Yonglin has become a place name. When Gongsun Wuzhi was visiting Yonglin, he was destroyed by the people in Yonglin. The reason for this is that Gongsun Wuzhi had an old hatred with the people in Yonglin. The second type is the statement represented by Jia Kui , treating Yonglin as a person and being a doctor in Qi State.
Ignorance died of revenge of the people
Sima Qian Rewriting Yonglin into Yonglin was to realize that the ancients generally did not name it Yonglin. If Yong Lin, as a doctor of Qi, did such a big thing, it would be very difficult. The "Zuo Zhuan" would also praise it in the records. He would not call it by his name directly, but should use words. And the word "lin" will never be someone's word. Even if you use famous books, you should also be given an official position first.
Where would it be if Yonglin was a place name? This also has an answer in "Zuo Zhuan". "Zuo Zhuan" Lu Zhaogong Recorded in the eleventh year, Shen Wuyu said in response to the question of the King of Chu: "...Qiquqiu actually killed ignorant." According to historical records, Quqiu is today's Anqiu City in Shandong. This place should be on the way from Jimo to Linzi.
If Yonglin is a place name, and according to the "Zuo Zhuan", the people in this place have suffered from the disasters of Gongsun Wuzhi, then it is entirely possible that the people in this place will unite and take the opportunity to kill Gongsun Wuzhi when he was so successful, thus ending the Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellion. The scene like
is like the actions of local armed forces in Qi after hearing about Duke Xiang of Qi, and is a blocking and rebellion against Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellion. This seems to be more likely than Yong Lin, as a local official of Qi, killed Gongsun Wuzhi independently.
However, it will not be like "Records of the Grand Historian" said that Gongsun Wuzhi went to Yonglin for a trip after usurped the throne. The possibility of playing should be extremely low and it is not in line with common sense. If Gongsun Wuzhi really succeeded in usurping the throne, he would have to do a lot of things. How could he go to a place where he had abused him?
Therefore, the most reasonable explanation should be that when Gongsun Wuzhi's private armed forces passed by Yonglin, that is, when they passed by Quqiuqiu, Gongsun Wuzhi was accidentally killed by the local people as the target of "revenge". This also avenged Qi Xianggong, and thus ended the Gongsun Wuzhi's rebellion.
This is precisely because the Gongsun Wuzhi Rebellion requires information back and forth and even more, it requires troops to pass through. Therefore, it has been delayed again and again since December, and it has been delayed until spring, resulting in an unexpected situation of "nine years, Yonglin killed Wuzhi".
Gongsun Wuzhi died, and the rebellion caused by Gongsun Wuzhi came to an end, but the real chaos in Qi was about to begin. Let's express it later.
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