compilation: Zhu Changsheng (Dean of Womin High-Tech Ward Research Institute)
This is the sun of victory!
also also disclosed a few little-known historical materials on the exchanges between the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and aid to China. Chiang Kai-shek has visited the Soviet Union, and the Communist Party of China cooperated with the Soviet Union for the first time. The peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident was made by the contributions of the Communist International, the Communist Party of China (Bolsheviks), and the Soviet Union also made important contributions in the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation.
also disclosed that the Second National Soviet Congress held in the Soviet area in January 1934 unconditionally recognized the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic of .
said that the increase in China's geopolitical influence has made China a key component of long-term political forecasts in global and regional areas. China is becoming one of the biggest factors in the development of the world and the growth of global economic strength (nearly 20%). All of this is the result of difficult choices and socialist choices, and history has proved to be correct. On October 1, on the day when the Chinese people celebrated the 773rd anniversary of the founding of New China by the Chinese people, General Valeri Baranov, director of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense, member of the Russian Writers Alliance, a doctor of history and professor Viacheslav Zimonen, an academician of the Academy of Military Sciences, jointly published a commemorative and historical review article in the media "Star" weekly under the Russian Ministry of Defense, entitled "The Sun Rises Over Free China - The Victorious Sun".
article believes that from the Chinese Soviet Republic to the People's Republic of China , China has gone through a long way to seize power in the people.
Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek during the Chongqing negotiations
1949 The founding of the People's Republic of China was declared established. In the 20th century, China had to endure a truly terrible test, both from external and internal contradictions. There is little similarity between Russia and China, but the historical curve has intersections at certain moments in the history of the two countries. China's Xinhai Revolution (1911) was six years earlier than Russia. She forever ended the last dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for five hundred years. Like any revolution, it was not only given to change the bad economic situation and complex political situation, but also given great hope to change China's semi-colonial status. However, before achieving complete centralization, there was still a 38-year bloody turmoil, a civil war, and a 14-year barbaric invasion of China that began with the Japanese occupation of Manchuria on September 18, 1931.
The "Nanjing Ten Years" of the Kuomintang regime
article revealed that Chiang Kai-shek, as a confidant of Sun Yat-sen, (established with the help of the Soviet Union) Whampoa Military Academy principal, and the nominated leader of the Kuomintang and China, went to the Soviet Union for military and political consultations. After that, a period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China appeared, and the first united front was formed.
1March 22, 927 Chiang Kai-shek was at a military parade held after his troops entered Shanghai. As soon as Chiang Kai-shek officially completed the unified progressive forces (not without the help of the Soviet Union) and established a dictatorship in the country, he began to adopt the policy of cleaning the Communists out of China's political stage.
1 On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and his supporters organized a massacre of workers in Shanghai and declared the Communist Party illegal. The "Ten Years of Nanjing" established the Kuomintang regime. From 1928 to 1931 alone, the Chiang Kai-shek authorities carried out 39,788 executions with investigation. The CCP was forced to turn to the struggle of the underground party, establishing and forming an independent and serious political force in the struggle. The Communists began to establish the Soviet regime in the territory they controlled. In 1931, there were about 10 Soviet areas in China, covering a population of millions. As an armed support for resisting the Kuomintang army and local warlords, the Chinese Red Army formed serves Soviet . After the Fourth Congress of the Communist Party of China, on September 11, 1931, Mao Zedong and Zhu De, leaders of the Red Army, established the Chinese Soviet Republic in the mainland.
931 On September 18, 2019, Japan invaded Manchuria, "shocked China and the whole world."Under such circumstances, on November 7, 1931, the First National Congress of the Soviet Union was held in Ruijin County, Jiangxi Province. The Congress passed the draft constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the Land Law, the Labor Law, the draft economic policy, the construction of the Chinese Red Army, the draft Soviet Law and others, etc.; the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic was elected, forming the Provisional Central Soviet Government headed by Mao Zedong ( People's Committee ). The Revolutionary Military Commission of the Republic is led by Zhu De. The Central Army, based on Zhu De and Mao Zedong's troops, became the military support of the Republic. The Red Army adaptation, which was launched from 1929 to 1930, was completed from 1931 to 1932.
eliminated the differences in the name and number of the troops, established a logistics agency, and simplified the guarantee and supply, medical services and combat training institutions. Under the Revolutionary Military Committee, the General Staff Headed by Liu Bocheng and the Politburo led by Wang Jiaxiang, a member of the Politburo; the troops consolidated the political commissar system .
From right to left: Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu
During this period, in the environment of harsh armed struggle with the Kuomintang army, the Chinese Soviet Republic was forced to fight for survival. By the fall of 1933, the Chinese Red Army had successfully repelled four encirclements and suppressions of the Soviet area by the Kuomintang army.
In addition, on April 5, 1932, the Chinese Soviet Republic declared war on Japan. The Communist Party of China issued a declaration of war on Japan, calling on the whole country to repel the aggression and save the country.
1934, the Second National Soviet Congress of was held in the Central Soviet Area, and a series of decisions aimed at strengthening the Red Army and improving the work of the Soviet Union, and finally passed the Constitution. The democracy and freedom of workers, the equality of men and women, ethnic equality, and the right to national self-determination of workers were announced. Unconditionally recognize the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic. However, since the fall of 1933, with the fifth encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang, the situation in the Soviet area has begun to deteriorate. 1 In October 1934, the Chinese Red Army, who defended the Central Soviet Area, was forced to leave and began the Long March . From the fall of 1935 to the fall of 1936, the surviving Red Army troops met at the junction of Shaanxi Province and Gansu. After the end of the Long March, this area became the only Soviet area. Everything for the war with the Japanese invaders
As the scale of Japan's invasion of China expanded, the Japanese army's threat to the Red Army was even more dangerous than the Kuomintang army. The Communist Party of China began to amend the Soviet policy according to the decision of the Seventh Congress of the Communist International. Since 1936, establishing a unified anti-Japanese front with all Chinese armed and political forces, including the Kuomintang, has become the main slogan. The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Soviet Area was renamed "Special Zone", which means the end of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and the local troops of the Red Army were reorganized into the 8th Army. However, the fact is that throughout this period, the CCP was the only Communist Party (except the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) to gain experience in the ruling party.
938 Soviet pilots voluntarily participated in the national liberation struggle of the Chinese people against the Japanese invaders
The Soviet Union provided assistance to China from the beginning (1937-1945), which played an invaluable role in preventing surrender to Japan.
The Soviet Union sent more than 5,000 military advisers and experts to China to help China conduct military training, many of whom were directly involved in the combat operations. From the second half of 1937 to 1939 alone, the amount of urgently needed loans provided to China reached US$250 million.
During the same period, the United States provided a loan of $25 million to China. In the early days of the Sino-Japanese War, the aid from the United States and Britain to China was symbolic. For example, from July 1937 to January 1938, China only received 11 aircraft and 450 tons of gunpowder from the United States.
Before 1942, the Soviet Union provided China with 1,235 aircraft, more than 1,600 various systems, artillery , about 2 million shells, more than 14,000 machine guns, about 180 million bullets, 31,600 aviation bombs, 1,850 cars, tractors and other equipment (equipment), etc.Moreover, after the war, the Soviet Union handed over a considerable portion of its weapons and equipment to Beijing for free, ensuring that the army led by the Communist Party of China defeated the Kuomintang army. This comprehensive large-scale aid,
, allowed the Chinese government to stop panic, control the situation, and carry out a series of arduous battles against the Japanese army, dragging them deeply into a vast territory. Against the backdrop of the failure of the first few months of the war, pro-Japanese and anti-communist sentiment that never disappeared in the Kuomintang leadership became increasingly fierce, and Moscow had to use financial and other influences to leverage against the Chiang Kai-shek government (this forced the Chiang Kai-shek government) to not surrender. Shortly after signing a treaty with the Soviet Union, at the suggestion of Moscow, a national united front was even formed. Until not long ago, under the attack of the Kuomintang, the Communist troops who had retreated across China during the Long March gained the status of the government army. The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army achieved a series of victories in the battle with the Japanese.
The representatives of the Communist Party of China participated in the planning of the overall combat operations against the invaders. The Eighth Route Army (8th Army) led by the Communist Party of China sent 104 regiments from August to December 1940 to penetrate deep into the enemy's rear and launched a " Hundred Regiments Battle ", during which 20,000 Japanese troops were eliminated.
Xi'an Incident was resolved only after the intervention of the Communist International and the Communist Party of China (Brazza) and the mediation of the representatives of the Communist Party of China, thus avoiding the inevitable intensification of Chiang Kai-shek's execution and the civil war.
Senior Kuomintang officer arrested in the Xi'an Incident
KMT and Communist Party
Soviet Red Army joined the war against Japan after defeating Germany, defeating millions of Kwantung Army in August 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and completely occupy Manchuria.
In the first few months after Japan's surrender in 1945, the situation in China was extremely difficult. There are two Chinas on the world political map. Most of China's territory is under the control of the Kuomintang. Another part of the territory is under the control of the Chinese Communist army. The Communist Party's process was supported by the Soviet Union, who successfully completed military operations against Japan, and the Kuomintang received support from the United States.
In September 11945, the Communist Party of China transferred large-scale from northern and eastern China to northeast China. By November, about 100,000 Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army soldiers had moved to the Northeast. Based on these troops, guerrillas and local residents, the Northeast Democratic Alliance was formed, becoming the backbone of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
From May 1946, the Soviet army was in Manchuria. During this period, the Soviet Union helped the CCP organize, train and arm the new Chinese army. The Soviet Command transferred a large number of weapons, equipment and ammunition seized from the Japanese Kwantung Army to the CCP: hundreds of thousands of rifles, more than 3,700 artillery, mortars, and grenade launchers, 600 tanks, 861 aircraft, about 12,000 machine guns, about 680 various warehouses, etc.
When the Kuomintang army began to enter Manchuria in April 1946, they were surprised to find that there was no longer a scattered guerrilla force, but a disciplined and modern Communist army. In early 1947, the Kuomintang achieved a last major victory: on March 19, they occupied the "Communist capital" Yan'an . Mao Zedong and the entire Communist Party’s military command had to leave the city. However, despite its initial success, the Kuomintang failed to achieve its main strategic goal - to destroy the Communist Party's main forces and seize their support base.
After the active hostilities began in 1947, the Communists were able to launch an offensive based on Soviet military and economic aid and completely reversed the course of the war within two years.
11, with the help of the Soviet Union, the fully armed 4th Field Army turned to a decisive combat operation against the Kuomintang. In a short period of time, Chiang Kai-shek's 52 divisions were defeated, and 26 divisions trained by US military instructors turned to the Communist Party. In early 1949, the 4th Field Army entered northern China and merged with the 8th Army of the Communist Party of China (Eighth Route Army). html captured Tianjin on November 15, and on January 22, the Kuomintang gave up Beijing.By the spring of 1949, the Communist Party of China's army liberated the entire China north of the Yangtze River and east of Gansu Province from the Kuomintang. By the end of the civil war, the Chinese People's Liberation Army had become a powerful army of 4 million people and was the largest army in Asia.
1949 On April 24, 2019, the Communist Party of China commanded by Marshal Liu Bocheng entered Nanjing, the capital of the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang government moved to Guangzhou in southern China in February, and later, together with the remnants of the Kuomintang, fled to Taiwan Island under the protection of the US military. 949 On September 30, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held and the Central People's Government was established. The founding of the People's Republic of China was announced in Beijing on October 1. The next day, the Soviet Union was the first to announce its recognition of the People's Republic of China. At the end of the year, the Chinese People's Liberation Army destroyed the Kuomintang's main troops on the mainland and successfully ended China's third civil war.
article believes that the victory of the Kuomintang and the seizure of power by the Communist Party of China is largely due to the full support of the Soviet Union. In December 1949, Mao Zedong visited the Soviet Union to show his gratitude for this aid, and in 1950, he signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Aid.
The creator of the multipolar world in the 21st century
Entering the 21st century, China and Russia, as two major powers - strategic partners, have largely solved similar development problems and faced similar challenges and threats in the context of globalization. From February 4 to 6, 2022, Russian President Putin visited China. The results of the talks between the leaders of the two countries prove the role of Russia-China relations as the main stabilizer of world politics. Only by developing and deepening good-neighborly friendship and strategic cooperation can Russia and China move forward with confidence along the path of common development with full confidence, taking into account the independent choice of Russia and China.
The increase in China's geopolitical influence has made China a key component of long-term political forecasts in global and regional areas. China is becoming one of the biggest factors in the development of the world and the growth of global economic strength (nearly 20%). All of this is the result of difficult choices and socialist choices, and history has proved to be correct. Now the Communist Party of China occupies a dominant position in the national political stage.
The traditional significance of Chinese military soldiers participating in the "Oriental-2022" strategic exercise is highlighted at the Sergeyevsky shooting range
. Since 2014, China has been celebrating the National Day of Victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan (September 3). The participation of the "Oriental-2022" exercise by China and Russia is only part of the comprehensive cooperation between land, sea, air and cyberspace, and space. China and Russia's cooperation within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization is developing.
The author agrees with this view. Current Russia-China relations have become a model of bilateral relations with the highest degree of mutual trust, the highest level of cooperation and strategic value among major powers.
