As an important leader of the Party, Chen Duxiu has an indelible and important position in the history of the Communist Party of China, but in his later years he lived a poor life. In the words of the people around him, "Mr. Chen was really poor at that time."

Preface

As an important leader of the party, Chen Duxiu has an indelible important position in the history of the Communist Party of China, but in his later years he lived a poor life. In the words of people around him, "Mr. Chen was really poor at that time."

Why did Chen Duxiu live such a miserable life in his later years, and what was his miserable life?

This article let’s learn about Chen Duxiu’s later life and see what he experienced in the last four years of life?

Chen Duxiu

Down-out life in his later years

1937Chen Duxiu was imprisoned by the Kuomintang for four years and was finally released from prison. After being released from prison from Nanjing Tiger Bridge, he saw the long-lost sun and his relatives who came to greet him.

The one who took him out of prison was Chen Songnian and his wife Pan Lanzhen who had been in trouble for many years. Almost all of them were no longer alive except for the two.

Yannian and Qiao Nian died a few years ago under the persecution of the Kuomintang. Their wife's sister, Gao Junman, unfortunately died of illness shortly after they separated.

After Chen Duxiu was released from prison, he wanted to continue to devote himself to revolutionary work. He took to the streets again, spread propaganda and speeches everywhere, and united forces from all parties to fight against Japan.

originally thought that under the environment of the nationwide joint anti-Japanese war, Chen Duxiu could use all his talents to contribute to the anti-Japanese war. But unfortunately, under the frame-up of the villain, Chen Duxiu was still forced to withdraw from the stage of history.

He left the front line of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and at the same time he also rejected invitations from all parties, and resolutely came to Jiangjin where no one was disturbed.

For Chen Duxiu's choice, his wife Pan Lanzhen once expressed her dissatisfaction. She complained: "Mao Zedong, Hu Shi , Chiang Kai-shek have invited you, you must not go. Now, I'm fine, I'll suffer here."

Pan Lanzhen

Indeed, before coming to Jiangjin, Chen Duxiu had many places to go, Chairman Mao once invited him to Yan'an to continue to do the work within the party. His friend Hu Shi invited him to the United States to make money by doing autobiography, which was also the choice of many famous people at that time. Of course, even Chiang Kai-shek had invited Chen Duxiu to serve as Minister of the Kuomintang’s Labor Department.

It can be said that it will not be too difficult for Chen Duxiu to choose any of these three paths in the future, but he, who is naturally proud, has no choice and refuses all invitations.

The wife was very surprised by Chen Duxiu's choice. It is reasonable to say that Hu Shi and Chiang Kai-shek's suggestion, but Mao Zedong refused no matter how he refused.

Regarding his wife's questions, Chen Duxiu replied:

Shouchang died, Yannian died... Except for Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the Party Central Committee has no reliable people, I am also lagging behind and older, and the Central Committee holds a meeting, what can I do?

After Chen Duxiu said this, he looked helpless. He knew that he was no longer young now and was not consistent with their ideological and political views. It is naturally very likely that conflicts arise. Since it is going to happen, it is better to cut it off from the source to avoid troubles that will definitely happen in the future.

His answer was desolate, and his wife understood it.

Chen Duxiu

After that, Chen Duxiu and his wife came to Jiangjin and lived a secluded life.

Many people have questions about Chen Duxiu's choice of residence. If he really wants to live in seclusion, Jiangjin, located in Chongqing, is definitely not a good choice. Then why did Chen Duxiu choose here? Regarding this issue, later generations gave a few reasons for it in their investigation.

is the first reason. Chen Duxiu came here at the invitation of his friend Deng Zhongchun. Deng Zhongchun, who opened a clinic in Jiangjin at that time, learned that his friend was released from prison, and wrote a letter to invite him to come here.

Secondly, the living expenses in Jiangjin area are relatively small. Yes, Chen Duxiu's living standards fell sharply after he was released from prison. Without living security, he could only rely on the help of his friends and son Songnian on weekdays, and the pitiful expenses he obtained from writing articles on weekdays to live.

Therefore, living expenses have also become a problem that he must consider.

of course, there is the most important point. Later generations also analyzed Chen Duxiu's choice. They felt that although Chen Duxiu chose to live in seclusion, he was reluctant from the bottom of his heart.

Select Jiangjin not far from Chongqing, which can just observe changes in the outside world. With the help of friends, he can also get first-hand relevant information.

After coming to Jiangjin, at the invitation of Deng Zhongchun, Chen Duxiu and his family were admitted to the "Yannian Hospital". If Deng Zhongchun is really heart-wrenching about his former friend, Chen Duxiu and his wife later arranged for Chen Songnian to live in. During that time, Deng Zhongchun raised a whole family alone.

is not a fair thing, and it is naturally easy to get into trouble over time. Mrs. Deng later had constant conflicts with the Chen family, and the two sides quarreled over this. As a last resort, Chen Duxiu and his family had to leave the "Yannian Hospital".

After a friend learned about it, he wanted to stop it, but at that time, Chen Duxiu had decided to leave, so it was useless for Deng Zhongchun to persuade him.

's stubborn and arrogant personality made the family live a life without a fixed place. Later, with the help of Jiangjin's friends, Chen Duxiu and his wife moved into a house in the Guo family mansion. There was no quarrel here, and everything was very peaceful, which was very suitable for Chen Duxiu to write and do research.

But soon after, they encountered problems again. The high fees and empty wallet no longer supported them to continue living, and the two had to move again.

Chen Duxiu's former residence in Jiangjin

After several times, Chen Duxiu's family came to Heshanping in the southern part of Jiangjin. This was once the residence of Yang Lucheng, a Jinshi during the Qianlong period. After learning about Chen Duxiu's recent situation, the descendants of the Yang family sent them an invitation to live.

Chen Duxiu, who had experienced many twists and turns, was already exhausted at the time. His life with his wife had already had great problems. Except for his friend and son Chen Songnian, who provided him with meager funding, the rest could only be maintained by his own writing.

It’s a pity that Chen Duxiu’s manuscripts were no longer like the ones before, so the income from writing articles was minimal, and his life with his wife was also tight.

is the proud Chen Duxiu. Even in such an environment, he will still be ineffective in his life without accepting the food and inaction.

Not to accept the food that comes to pity

In 1940, Chen Duxiu wrote a book called " Primary School Literacy Teaching Book ", and then he contacted the Ministry of Education of the Kuomintang government to publish it.

This is a book he compiled with almost all his energy after coming to Jiangjin, so he received high expectations. The previous matters have been almost done, and Chen Duxiu also received his own pre-manuscript fee of 10,000 yuan.

But at this moment, Minister of Education Chen Lifu suddenly made a request, He thought the title of this book, the word "primary school" is really inappropriate, and it is easy for people to misunderstand. He hopes that it can be modified to the title of "Chinese text descriptions, etc.".

is not a big deal, but after hearing this suggestion, Chen Duxiu immediately refused. He pointed out that if he wanted to modify it according to his intention, it would destroy his original intention of writing the book, which is no different from other scholars.

Chen Duxiu was very persistent, and the book title modification and publication were stalemate, and in the end he had to leave it alone. The book

failed to be published, and Chen Duxiu also sealed the pre-money fee of 10,000 yuan. He did not let anyone touch the money, and he would not allow it even if he was poor or hungry.

Pan Lanzhen was very confused about his behavior. She clearly had a hard life, so why did he do these puzzling persistence?

Once, the family couldn't get rid of the blame, so Pan Lanzhen thought of taking out the 10,000 yuan and using it first, so save it. But unexpectedly, after learning about it, Chen Duxiu directly scolded his wife:

"Don't move, this money must not be moved.As long as Chen Lifu doesn't take back his life, I, Chen Duxiu, will never bow my back for five dou of rice. For that money, we can't use pennies, even if we freeze to death and starve to death..."

Chen Lifu

The husband's attitude was extremely firm, and Pan Lanzhen could only give up.

The pride of a literati was Chen Duxiu's last persistence, because no matter how difficult life was, he would never bow his head.

In the years after that, Chen Duxiu persisted.

At that time, everyone who knew Chen Duxiu knew him. Life is extremely poor, and friends from all over the world want to save him, but he is proud and rejected all of this.

After the Kuomintang learned of his situation, he sent someone to his house to give him silver dollars , among which there were people who wanted to win over Chen Duxiu, but some people really thought about him and wanted to help him out of kindness.

But no matter what the purpose of those people came, he refused. The traitor Ren Zhuoxuan once sent him 200 oceans . After learning about the source of the remittance, Chen Duxiu directly ordered the postman to send the remittance back the same way.

and Zhang Guotao. He also sent checks to Chen Duxiu with several friends, but the results were all the same and all were returned. Faced with these unexpected gains, Chen Duxiu had a different view. He said, "They are all 'poor' than me."

Ren Zhuoxuan

Of course, in addition to the Kuomintang, the Communist Party and people from all walks of life have also helped. Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others also helped, but they were all rejected.

However, although everyone's help was rejected, Chen Duxiu's influence has been rejected. The strength is still obvious. Now he has indeed retired, but no one can and dares to forget his achievements .

Facing the help of all walks of life, if Chen Duxiu is not so persistent, his life with his wife will be much better, but he is arrogant and will never want to do this.

More than a year later, the staff of Chen Duxiu's former residence research room said in an interview:

"In fact, Mr. Chen Duxiu's life in Jiangjin does not have to be so hard. There are many opportunities to improve his situation, but he sticks to his reputation and would rather be poor than change his integrity. It is rare. "

Chen Duxiu's life was aloof and continued his persistence for a lifetime. He had his own beliefs, which was a good thing, but if he insisted on his beliefs too much, his life in his later years would be so difficult.

Food poisoning before his death

In addition to financial tension, Chen Duxiu also had various difficulties in life in Jiangjin. Jiangjin and he were living together before The Shanghai where we live is very different, so when he first arrived there, he was very uncomfortable.

Jiangjin's climate is unpredictable, it is very hot when it is hot. When midsummer comes, even if you wear shorts and vests, you are still sweating profusely. At this time, you can hardly do anything. As long as you move, you start sweating.

It is also very cold when it is cold. In the cold winter, Chen Duxiu wanted to write something, but even when it is cold in the house, it affects him, and his fingers are often It was so cold that the pen was not stable. A climate like

was a big challenge for Chen Duxiu. At the beginning, he couldn't stand this situation. After a long time of adaptation, he gradually improved.

However, the inadaptation in the climate is nothing compared to it. The hardships in life are really hard. After moving to Heshanping, Chen Duxiu lost the source of information because of the distance. He truly felt the meaning of "isolation from the world".

But fortunately, three or two friends would still come to see Chen Duxiu from time to time. They acted as Chen Duxiu's "correspondents" and brought the nearest newspaper every time they went there.

In addition, there were many problems in the living environment. The house was very wet, the ground was uneven, and the interior furniture was dilapidated. The desolate house made Chen Duxiu feel desolate.

War of soaring prices

There were still financial problems. In the war years, prices soared. Although Chen Duxiu at that time had the help of his friends and son, and the timely royalties, the prices that were increasingly difficult to bear made his rescue cut off. In the end, his son could only bear the expenses of the small family and gradually could not help his father.

During the most difficult period of life, Chen Duxiu and his wife couldn't even get a little money to buy rice, and could only borrow like neighbors around them. Life is poor, and Chen Duxiu's sense of desolation is self-evident.

On May 12, 1942, Chen Duxiu got up like usual, soaked a cup of broad bean flower water after getting up. This method was developed by Chen Duxiu himself, which is said to relieve hypertension and .

After soaking the broad bean flowers, Chen Duxiu did not notice that the broad bean flowers had already become moldy.

After drinking the water, Chen Duxiu was still receiving visitors as usual, without any discomfort. But in the afternoon, Chen Duxiu suddenly felt ache in her stomach and he began to feel uncomfortable all over. After seeing his strangeness, his wife hurriedly asked the doctor to treat him.

This way, everyone learned the reason. It turned out that my husband was food poisoning.

Stills of Chen Duxiu

Although the physical discomfort was relieved after treatment, Chen Duxiu never got out of bed again. He was already suffering from hypertension and this time he was in food poisoning, and his physical condition was getting worse and worse. Several diseases occurred at once, and after that, he also lost the freedom to get out of bed and move.

The wife later learned that her husband had already seen the broad beans moldy when drinking water, but he felt it was a pity that he did not pour it out in the end and directly raised his head and drank it.

5 In May, Chen Duxiu's body was overwhelmed. I'm afraid there will be no more time. He also noticed this three days before his death, so Chen Duxiu called his wife to the bed and said to his wife:

"Lan Zhen,...I die. After death, you will be independent in the future and your life must be independent. Remember, independent, independent..."

In his later years, Chen Duxiu's life was difficult, and everyone saw it. Everyone was sad and lamentable about his life experience, although this was his own choice.

Regarding Chen Duxiu's dark time, Hu Pinzhong, who wore a shroud and a coffin for Chen Duxiu, once said this:

"Chen Duxiu's wife Pan Lanzhen also asked someone to use a leather robe from Mr. Chen for money to buy rice and grab medicine. It can be seen that Mr. Chen was really poor at that time."