After the outbreak of the "September 18th Incident" in 1931, Japan invaded the three northeastern provinces, and ethnic conflicts between China and Japan gradually became the main contradiction in society at that time. The Communist Party of China first proposed and continuously

931 After the outbreak of the "918th Incident ", Japan invaded . The ethnic conflict between China and Japan gradually became the main contradiction in society at that time. The Communist Party of China first proposed and constantly called for the suspension of civil war , united all forces in the country, and established the broadest anti-Japanese national united front .

"September 18th" Incident

1 On January 17, 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Declaration on the Anti-Japanese War with all armies of the country under three conditions in order to oppose the invasion of Japanese imperialism in North China", and proposed to unite all armies of the country for the first time. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Basic Program of the Chinese People's War Against Japan", calling on the whole nation's military to mobilize and arm the people's military, and establish the National Armed Self-Defense Committee as the leading body of the War of Resistance; on August 1, 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the famous "August 1 Declaration", calling on all parties, compatriots and armies across the country to stop civil war, jointly resist the war, and advocate the establishment of a "unified national defense government" and a "unified anti-Japanese coalition." On December 25 of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally established the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front at the Wayaobao Conference.

1 On February 10, 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Message to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang", proposing: "The Soviet government was renamed the Government of the Special Administrative Region of the Republic of China, and was directly guided by the Nanjing Central Government and Military Commission." It was formally proposed to reorganize the Red Army into the National Revolutionary Army on the premise of meeting the five anti-Japanese propositions and participate in the War of Resistance under the guidance of the Nanjing Central Government.

937, the main leaders of the Yan'an Central Military Commission (from right) Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and Qin Bangxian. However, the Kuomintang government adopted the policy of not resisting the outside world, causing Japan to occupy the three eastern provinces and Rehe, and a large area of ​​land was lost. The policy of "resisting the country first for resisting foreign countries" was adopted at the domestic level, mobilizing heavy troops to encircle and suppress the Soviet area, encircling and intercepting the Red Army who went north to fight against Japan, and even transferred the Northeast Army, who were determined to take back the Northeast from Japan and fight back to their hometown to northern Shaanxi to encircle and suppress the Red Army, in an attempt to completely eliminate the Communist Party of China and the Red Army.

Under this situation, it is almost impossible to achieve the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the reorganization of the Red Army into the National Revolutionary Army for joint war of resistance.

Faced with the invasion of Japanese imperialism, the conflict between Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang generals who also advocated the cessation of civil war and united in anti-Japanese war Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng quickly escalated, which eventually led to the outbreak of the " Xi'an Incident " in December 1936. The Communist Party of China started from national justice and promoted the peaceful resolution of the "Xi'an Incident". Chiang Kai-shek was forced to agree to stop the civil war and resist Japan unanimously. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to try to start formal negotiations on issues such as cooperation in anti-Japanese war and the adaptation of the Red Army.

2

After the "Xi'an Incident", the Kuomintang and the Communist Party conducted five negotiations on the issue of the Red Army's adaptation

Taking the opportunity of peaceful resolution of the "Xi'an Incident" as an opportunity, the Communist Party of China conducted five difficult and tortuous negotiations with the Kuomintang government, namely Xi'an 1 time, Hangzhou 1 time, Lushan 32 times, and Nanjing 1 time. During the negotiation process, Chiang Kai-shek adapted the Red Army as the surrender of the CCP, and did not seriously consider what cooperated with the Communist Party of China. always wanted to take advantage of the opportunity of negotiation to "compile the Communist Party but not tolerate the Communist Party" and "compile" the Red Army led by the Communist Party in order to achieve its goals that it failed to achieve in the battlefield of "suppressing the Communist Party".

1 In March 1937, Zhou Enlai and Zhang Chong, representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, took a photo in Hangzhou.

The CCP sincerely cooperated to fight against Japan, and always responded with the greatest sincerity in the negotiations. It made great concessions on a series of issues such as the change of the Red Army's name and the change of the Red Army's clothing, and thus reached an agreement quickly. However, on some key issues of the adaptation, the two sides conducted a tug-of-war negotiation for half a year.

Regarding the scale of the adaptation, it mainly focuses on the first three negotiations. In the first half of 1937, the main force of the Red Army reached more than 70,000. In the first negotiations held by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Xi'an, the reorganization plan proposed by the Communist Party representatives was: "Twelve divisions and four armies." In order to curb the development of the Red Army, the Kuomintang government rejected the above adaptation plan. Mao Zedong immediately called the Communist Party of China negotiator: "The current focus of the negotiations is only on the number of Red Army personnel. In order to make the negotiations successful quickly, we believe that the proposal of the main force of the Red Army to be organized into four divisions, 16 regiments, and two other two engineer divisions is generally acceptable."

But the Kuomintang representatives proposed: "The Red Army's reorganization of the Red Army has an unreasonable demand, three divisions, and 27,000 people." In response, the CCP made another concession and proposed the bottom line of adaptation of "three national defense divisions" and "more than 15,000 people per division".

Because the CCP insists on its position and will never give in, the Kuomintang is forced to give in. During the second negotiations in Hangzhou and the third negotiations in Lushan, the representatives of the Communist Party of China finally reached an agreement after repeated negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek himself. After the Red Army was reorganized, three divisions were established, with a total of 45,000 people.

The commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army Zhu De (first from right), Ren Bishi, director of the Political Department (second from right), and Deputy Chief of Staff Zuo Quan (third from right), etc. were on the ferry.

Regarding the leadership and command of the army after the adaptation, it is another focus of fierce debate between the two sides during the negotiations.

In the first negotiations in Xi'an, the Kuomintang representatives proposed that "the chief of staff of each division and deputy positions at all levels in the division, from deputy division commanders to deputy platoon leaders are all assigned by the central government"; in the second negotiations in Hangzhou, Chiang Kai-shek asked the Communist Party of China to always cooperate with him personally and obey him; in the third negotiations in Lushan, Chiang Kai-shek proposed that Mao Zedong and Zhu De must leave the Red Army after the Red Army was reorganized; in the fourth negotiations in Lushan, Chiang Kai-shek believed that after the Red Army was reorganized, he could only set up political training offices and refused to set up independent military command agencies. Chiang Kai-shek's claims were actually to be completely under the command of the Kuomintang after the Red Army was reorganized.

In order to make the Red Army reorganization problem resolved as soon as possible, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China once again made concessions and decided on June 26 to agree to the Red Army reorganization to command the troops in the name of the Political Training Department, and strive to strive for Zhu De to be the director. Mao Zedong even agreed to "in principle, no refusal to go out to do things." At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also made the worst plan, announcing that if an agreement cannot be reached, all negotiations with the Kuomintang would be stopped, and it announced its adaptation on August 1, 1937.

Central Military Commission issued an order to adapt the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army.

From this we can see that , in order to realize the adaptation of the Red Army of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Communist Party of China has adhered to the principles while adhering to the principles and making the greatest concessions. On the other hand, the Kuomintang is determined to incorporate the CCP and weaken the Red Army. The conditions proposed have touched the bottom line of the principles that the CCP must adhere to, and the negotiations between the two sides will inevitably fail to reach an agreement. After

3

" July 7 Incident ", the Red Army was officially adapted into the National Revolutionary Army to go to the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, marked by the "July 7 Incident", the Communist Party of China responded quickly, and published the "Telectronication for the Japanese Army's Attack on Lugou Bridge" on the second day of the incident, calling on the people of the whole country: "Ping and Tianjin are in crisis! North China is in crisis! The Chinese nation is in crisis! Only when the whole nation implements the war of resistance is our way out!" and sent a central representative to Nanjing to continue negotiations with the Kuomintang.

8th Route Army 120th Division went to fight against Japan to the venue.

At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also realized that the Sino-Japanese war was inevitable, and began to loosen up in the issue of the Red Army's adaptation. On August 4, the Military Committee of the National Government issued an order to reorganize the Red Army in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and gave the 15th Division, the number of three divisions, namely the , the 120th Division and the 129th Division. According to the opinions of the Communist Party of China, the list of divisions, brigades, regiment commanders and directors of the political training department of each division were announced, but the position of chief commander and deputy commander-in-chief and chief staff of each division has not been announced at this time.

htmlOn August 13, the "Shanghu Battle" broke out and the war had already burned to the heart of the Kuomintang. The next day, the National Government finally issued the "Self-Defense War Statement", determined to launch the national war of resistance. In the situation of the North China crisis and the national crisis, in order to enable the Red Army to set up an independent command organization after the Red Army was reorganized, and agreed to the Eighth Route Army to implement the independent guerilla war under the general strategic policy and the Eighth Route Army as a strategic detachment to perform side operations, assist friendly forces, disrupt and suppress the enemy and eliminate part of the enemy's combat tasks. At this point, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have basically reached an agreement on the main issues of the reorganization of the Red Army.

The Yellow River Ferry where the Eighth Route Army troops gather.

htmlOn August 25, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China issued an order: will officially reorganize the First, Second, and Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, will appoint Zhu De as the Commander-in-Chief, Peng Dehuai as the Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Ye Jianying as the Chief of Staff, Zuo Quan as the Deputy Chief of Staff, Ren Bishi as the Director of the Political Department, and Deng Xiaoping as the Deputy Director of the Political Department.

Eighth Route Army was reorganized and rushed to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. Among them, the 115th Division, as the Eighth Route Army's eastward advance, set sail on the eastward advance on August 22; on September 25, the 115th Division of first battle with the Pingxingguan , annihilated more than 1,000 elite Japanese 5th Division, and achieved the first great victory of the Chinese army since the national war of resistance, breaking the myth of the invincibility of the Japanese army, and the Eighth Route Army became famous in one battle.

html In October, the Red Army and guerrillas in the eight southern provinces were reorganized into the new Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, referred to as New Fourth Army . At this point, our party successfully adapted the Red Army.