Ming Dynasty cliff carving "Mistling Mountain Cool Realm" monument
1.
The main peak of Yanshan Mountain Wuling Mountain is 2118 meters high, 573 meters higher than Mount Tai, the first of the Five Mountains. Because the altitude is too high, every spring, when flowers are blooming at the foot of the mountain, the top of the mountain is still ice and snow. The beautiful scenery of Wuling Mountain in all four seasons is a beautiful place and has long become a place for tourists to admire.
At an altitude of 1050 meters on the north side of Wuling Mountain, there is a huge rock, 28.4 meters high, 30.8 meters wide and 29 meters thick. The six big characters "Wuling Mountain Qingliang Realm" are engraved vertically in the middle of the huge rock, each character is 4 square meters, with a vigorous pen tip and a huge and majestic. It is said that it is written by Liu Bowen , so it is also called "big character stone".
There are medium-sized characters on both sides of the big characters, each character is 45 cm square, which is a record of the two visits to Wuling Mountain by officials in the Ming Dynasty.
left:
Shangshi Tan Lun, guerrillas Ren Liangxiangyueshi Shishougong Wang Daokun , guerrillas Li Rugeng, Governor General Secretary Liu Yingjie , Governor General Censor Yang Zhaojizhen General Qi Jiguang, Doctor Zuo Xing Revenue Department of War Department Hou Guozhi, Minister of War Department Deputy Envoy Wang Yie , Assistant Governor Zhang Min, Wanli Entertainment of Caojia Road Li Feng stone carved on the fifth day of the fifth month of the fifth month of Yihai.
Right:
Chongzhen Yihai year Jichun auspicious day, Yang Jiamo, general guarding Jizhou , Gao Douguang, doctor of the Ministry of Revenue of Miyun, Zhang Sheng, monitor the military affairs of the Western Association, Zhang Pengyun, governor of Shuntian Metropolis, Deng Xizhao, governor of Jiliao Army Ding Kuichu, Jijiazhuang Guardian Heigu Pass, Caojialu, and Guerrilla Top Prize.
"Wanli Yi Hai" was the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1575), and
"Chongzhen Yi Hai" was the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635).
In the third year of Wanli (1575), Tan Lun, Liu Yingjie, Qi Jiguang and others came to Wuling Mountain to visit and so on when they inspected and accepted the construction project of the Great Wall nearby. At this time, the Ming Dynasty had a tiger and wolf army like the Qi family army , and they were full of compassion. Not only Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun, but also Zhang Juzheng , who was in charge of the government, they all thought that the Ming Dynasty would live long live long live long live long live long live long live long live long live long live long live long.
However, only sixty years later, in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), the Ming Dynasty was in turmoil and internal and external troubles were at the end of its strength. In another nine years, Emperor Chongzhen was hanged on the crooked tree in Coal Mountain.
The Ming Dynasty has entered the countdown. Emperor Chongzhen, the " Model Worker " of the Ming Dynasty, was still working hard to build the Great Wall when his financial resources were short of money. If he knew that these efforts were all useless work, how desolate would he be.
A stone tablet, two paragraphs of text, two completely different realms, the "Fooling Mountain Cool Realm" monument, at this time, should be three parts cool and seven parts desolate.
2.
3 The eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), for Emperor Chongzhen, it was definitely a year of damage.
In the first month of this year, the Ming government ordered the Governor-General Hong Chengchou to launch Tongguan and jointly suppress the Henan uprising army with Shandong Governor Zhu Dadian . The rebel army conference was held in Xingyang , Lao Huihui, Cao Cao , Ge Liyan, Zuo Jinwang, King of Gengshi, Shotcao, Hengtianwang, Mian100, Zhutianxing, Nine Dragons, Shuntianwang , and Gao Yingxiang , Zhang Xianzhong , a total of thirteen families and seventy-two battalions. At the meeting, Li Zicheng proposed the combat policy of "dividing troops to determine their direction", which was accepted by everyone. Soon, the uprising army conquered Huoqiu and seized Yingzhou. Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong led the uprising army to conquer Fengyang, burned the imperial tomb, and Zhu Xiangguo, the left-behind office, died in battle.
After hearing this, Emperor Chongzhen cried in a simple dress and sent an official to report to the temple. The censor of the Caoyun Metropolitan City was arrested and Yang Yipeng abandoned the market, replaced it with Zhu Dadian, and recruited troops to fight against the thieves.
thief is a big book called the King of the Dragon Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and is a great drink.
October, Ming Sizong issued an edict for crimes.
This year, the whole country was a mess, with many rebels galloping, opening and closing, conquering cities and land. Emperor Chongzhen also mobilized all military forces to encircle and suppress them with all their might.
Both sides fought until Li Zicheng entered Beijing and Emperor Chongzhen hanged him.
3.
Everyone says that there is such a peaceful life,
That's because someone is carrying the burden for you.
But there is someone who comes here to enjoy the peace of time when everyone in the country is moving forward with heavy burdens.
This person is the Xu Xiake , which is still praised until now.
In the second year of Chongzhen, Emperor Chongzhen abolished the post station and the unemployed postman Li Zicheng joined the rebel army. This year, Xu Xiake came to Wuling Mountain for the first time (there is information that Xu Xiake came to Wuling Mountain is fake).
In the sixth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng left Gao Yingxiang and formed a self-esteem. Xu Xiake came to Wuling Mountain for the second time. At this time, the Great Wall of Dagou section in Xinglong County was under construction. Two years later, in the eighth year of Chongzhen, the names of Yang Jiamo, Gao Douguang and others who came to inspect the project were engraved on the big stone of Qingliang Realm.
In Wuling Mountain, Xu Xiake wrote this poem:
Seven-character
Mountains swept the clusters of Wuling Mountain, the walls and cliffs are unattainable.
Only now do I realize that I am coming to the end of the barrier, and the ancients are here to be in a vast and powerful pass.
Haner Ridge is harsh and bleak, SimataiHigh high roads are difficult and dangerous,
Still have fields that can be covered by acres, and border people are also happy and peaceful.
He could not have known that Qi Jiguang built the Great Wall here, and transferred troops from the south to resist foreign invasions. It is impossible not to know that while Xu Xiake was traveling around, the soldiers and craftsmen were still bleeding and sweating here to build the Great Wall.
The country is bleeding, but in his eyes, it has become "the border people are also happy and peaceful."
What a treacherous person,
What a politics person.
And all of this is due to his background and family.
4.
Ming Dynasty demise. Some people say that Emperor Chongzhen took the blame, which is the so-called "The Ming Dynasty did not perish because of Chongzhen's loss of virtue, but because of Wanli's laziness."
In fact, the rise and fall of any dynasty has very complicated reasons. According to Lao Yangzhang's historical insight, every change of dynasty is the result of natural selection. Under the influence of nature, various factors inside and outside the court were intertwined. From the beginning of the founding of the country, to the revival of the rule, and then the extremes of everything will turn back. In the end, the change of dynasty was mostly completed with the situation of war.
Huang Renyu selected the turning point of the Ming Dynasty in the "Fifteenth Year of Wanli". In this year, Qi Jiguang died two years after being dismissed from office. Before he was dismissed from office, his biggest backers, Zhang Juzheng and Tan Lun, had already passed away.
This year, something like this happened on the northern border:
Liaodong Governor noticed that a Jianzhou chief was gradually expanding his territory and annexing nearby tribes. He realized that raising tiger general was going to cause trouble, so he sent troops to conquer, but the troops were not good. He believed that the reason for the failure was that his subordinate Kaiyuandao did not act according to orders, but insisted on his personal proposal to change the suppression to pacification. As soon as the governor impeached the memorial to participate in politics arrived in Beijing, the participants gained the sympathy of the inspector of the Beijing , and they came out to impeach the governor who was the main suppression. Shen Shixing believes that this is a completely small matter and is not worthy of causing disagreement among civil servants at home and abroad; so he also mediated as a peacemaker, suggesting that the emperor regard the mutual impeachment of both parties as having been eliminated and no longer pursued right or wrong. So the chief was able to do whatever he wanted in the future, and he was able to continue to use the discord between officials inside and outside the dynasty to develop his own great cause. The chief was not someone else. According to records on the day, his name was Nurhaci . Several years later, his temple name was Taizu of the Qing Dynasty.
Qi Jiguang died, Nurhaci was released, and Emperor Wanli began to strike.
At this time, Emperor Wanli was competing with civil officials for the establishment of the crown prince. The result of the competition was that the emperor was lazy, and he had been lazy for twenty years. After
, the ministers have also seen through the ability of the center to no longer lead the overall situation. They are passive and perfunctory, like the epidemic, and soon spread across the country.
. The increasingly serious land merger problem in China has occurred, no one pays attention to it, so the richer the richer and the poorer the poor.
5.
Later generations analyzed the reasons for Li Zicheng's success, and he proposed two slogans: The land is equal to the land, and the money is exempted from money and food. This is exactly the two most intense contradictions in society. Therefore, the righteous flag has taken one step to follow the clouds.
Land annexation issue has emerged since the founding of the Ming Dynasty and has become increasingly serious.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the vassal kings did not grant farmland, but they could use the name of "retiring the beach and abandoned the soil" to conquer the land and build a manor. In addition to prosecuting for land, the royal palace also took advantage of the robbery. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the royal palace had hundreds of thousands of hectares of land.
Once the atmosphere was opened, the powerful tried every means to annex the land. Even the eunuch of Sili, Zhang Cheng, owned hundreds of farmlands and stores all over the city. The children of the Grand Secretary Xu Jie were rampant in the countryside, occupying the land of the people, covering an area of 240,000 mu, and the tenants were no less than 10,000.
And ordinary farmers, there are tithes of those who have fields, and there are tiny of those who have no fields. Yang Sichang summarized the national situation: "Recently, many fields have been powerful families, but not gentry, which will enrich the people... If the poor people are not in the world, there will be no place to stand in a cone."
After land mergers, the direct problems are heavy taxes and uneven burdens. Landlords who own a lot of land either have good or are exempted from it, or have sent it in a vain or sent it in a vain way. In the end, the burden of taxes and labor fell on the farmers.
——The above land issues come from the "Ming and Qing History Materials" edited by Zheng Tianting
Xu Xiake's Emperor Xu Jing was a huge rich man in Jiangyin . How rich is it? No one can explain it clearly. Later, Xu Jing and Tang Yin were imprisoned for a "test fraud case" and later died of depression. The family was in decline, and as far as Xu Xiake's father's generation had six brothers, they were definitely still big families. Xu Xiake's three brothers were divided into 200 acres of land.
In the 45th year of Wanli, Xu Xiake's original wife died of illness and the Luo family was fierce. Xu Xiake ran away from home and began to travel to the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland.
So, every successful man should have a fierce woman behind him.
Many people are asking, what does Xu Xiake rely on to support his spending during his life traveling? If you know the land annexation situation at that time, you should understand it. Liu Laolao said Wang Xifeng "a lean camel is bigger than a horse", which means this.
Every time Xu Xiake goes on a trip, there are always children who follow him, responsible for his daily life. There is also a porter who is responsible for heavy work. "Happy Tiandu" in " Xu Xiake's Travels " mentioned that when he climbed the Tiandu Peak of Huangshan, "the husband and servants were blocking the dangerous journey" and "the slaves arrived." Look, he climbed the mountain and enjoyed the scenery alone in front of him, while the servants were carrying things behind the "blocking the danger", which was a bit leisurely.
The Ming Dynasty had multiple stations in each county to provide transportation and accommodation services for traveling officials. Xu Xiake is not an official, but with his family's reputation and financial resources, he often gets various conveniences provided by the post station or the village.
Xu Xiake wrote in "Diary of Journey to the West of Guangdong" that he sat in the sedan chair carried by the servants, "traveled two miles southeast of the dock, and came from the small water in the south, and came from the small water in the north and the small water in the north and the northwest, and got a village leaning against the east mountain." Unexpectedly, the husbands went on strike because they could not bear the long-distance labor... After Xu Xiake entered the village, an elderly man who was receiving asked the servants to "put the meals on the shelves" and then arranged accommodation.The next afternoon, the old man arrived at the servant and sedan chair for Xu Xiake, "and then went up to the ridge three miles and then went down a little..."
"Diary III of Journey to the West of Guangdong": "After the morning meal on October 26th, Dingchou, I got a carriage with both shoulders and ten husbands"; "After the meal on November 2nd, the husband arrived, and there were two more men, and the woman took the responsibility"; "I waited for my husband for a long time, and used two women to serve as a carriage with two women"; "Month of the third day of the first month, the young husband in the village was young, and half of them used a boy to serve as a carriage with "; "On the twenty-one... all the husbands left, and I held one man to punish him... Seeing that I was punishing his husband, an old man came out and said... I was urging my husband; I lost two chickens... I still refused to let go of my previous husband. After a long time, the people in the two villages summoned the chickens and gave up the husband."
The rich child Xu Xiake was a scoundrel at this time.
If two sedan chairmen are missing, they will be carried by women and let the child carry them, because the two chickens have a big fuss with others.
Xu Xiake, who has no position, is like this. How will those past officers with official titles become more and more powerful?
Li Zicheng sees such people in the station every day. How can he not rebel?
6.
It's time to end.
What came earlier than Li Zicheng was the natural disaster.
"Han Nanxu County Chronicles" records, "In the first year of Chongzhen, the sky in Shaanxi was red like blood. Five years of famine, six years of flooding, seven years of autumn locusts and famine, in September of the eighth year of Xixiang drought, Lueyang waterlogging, all the people's houses were lost. Nine years of drought locusts, ten years of autumn crops, eleven years of summer locusts covering the sky... thirteen years of severe drought... fourteen years of drought."
Since the Chongzhen Dynasty, Shaanxi has experienced severe drought every year, and most people are displaced. In May of the second year of Chongzhen, the station soldier Li Zicheng was officially proposed to sever his job. In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Shaanxi was famine again. In the Shaanxi Prefecture Ma Maocai said in the "Baichen Great Famine Memorial" that the people fought to eat the weeds in the mountains. After eating the weeds, they peeled the bark and ate them. After eating the bark, they could only eat Guanyin soil. In the end, they died of abdominal distension. In the sixth year, "the whole Shaanxi drought locust, the area around Yaozhou and Chengcheng County, more than half of the people died."
In the seventh year of Chongzhen, the former Minister of War Lu Weiqi, who lives in Henan, wrote to the court: "For several years, the hometowns have been suffering from desolation, the month has not been bitter, and the day has not been bitter to save money. Gengwu (the third year of Chongzhen) drought; Xinwei drought; Renshen drought. There are no green grass in the wild, and nine out of ten rooms are empty. ... There are no barking dogs in the village, and they still knock on the door of the urge to conquer; there are cries of cries from the trees, and all the blood of the whip is sprinkled. The yellow land is yellow, and the villages are almost broken; the white bones are green, and it seems that they cry every night. It is impossible to make the poor people not turn into thieves." The drought caused locust plague again, which further widened the disaster.
In the tenth, eleventh, twelve and thirteenth years of Chongzhen, Henan Province, there were locust droughts. "People eat each other, plants and trees are gone, and the earth bandits are rising." Most of the hungry people were from the "King of Breaking" Li Zicheng.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth years of Chongzhen, "the north and the south are in great desert... the dead are abandoned, and the rivers are blocked from the road."
Chongzhen's heart is shattered.
Mu Lingshan Sunrise
7.
In the eighth year of Chongzhen, just when Yang Jiamo, Gao Douguang and others were carving letters on the big stone in the cool world of Wu Lingshan, Huang Taiji changed the Jurchen to Manchu and unified the various divisions. In the same year, when Dorgon attacked the Chahar tribe in Mongolia, he obtained the jade seal of the , "a treasure given by heaven, this is auspicious for unification for ten thousand years" (Dorgon's words)
So, on April 21 of the following year, Huang Taiji became emperor and founded the country " Qing ".
has started a new round of tossing.
