Today I want to interpret this sentence in particular. In fact, I think it is not just that there is no Mr. Deng Xiaoping. I think if we talk more broadly, the leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union include the first generation of Lenin, Stalin and our Chinese first generation. The generation of leaders Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were also fundamentally different. I must make this clear.
When Gorbachev met Mr. Deng Xiaoping, Mr. Deng Xiaoping was already 85 years old and he was only 58 years old. He saw that Mr. Deng Xiaoping was his elder. At this time, I actually felt that Mr. Gorbachev had a very profound experience. However, this experience has not yet been fully explained. From Lenin to Stalin, especially Stalin’s foreign and domestic policies as the main ruler, and the policies of Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. There was a big difference between the times. Whether it was before or after the founding of New China, there were many problems in our relationship with the Soviet Union, which was presided over by Stalin at that time.
When Mr. Deng Xiaoping met Mr. Gorbachev in 1989, he made it very clear, that is, when you were czarist Russia, you bullied others, especially China. You got the most benefits from China, and then During the Soviet period, you basically inherited this tradition from Tsarist Russia. Mr. Deng Xiaoping Student criticism is very harsh, and at this time I think that although Mr. Gorbachev also wants to discuss it, because he is a junior, he is more polite. On this point, Mr. Gorbachev said, let’s just Let’s not argue. We also have some opinions. Of course, some of our actions are not always correct. Both China and the Soviet Union hold this attitude.
Especially in the 1950s and 1960s, during the Sino-Soviet debate, there were some things on both sides that were not entirely correct. I think this statement is objective, understanding, and measured. But I think there is a problem here. Although it was the first socialist country at that time, it brought positive experience to our Chinese revolution. At that time, in many cases, there were more positive experiences. But in many cases, they taught us a lot of negative lessons, and even the conflicts and differences between us later developed into confrontation. As a social hegemon, he bullied us. I think that between China and the Soviet Union, at that time, China and the Soviet Union The relationship between the Soviet Union and the two countries is a very complex one of love and hatred.
I must point out this. In this process, the entire foreign policy of the country and the party after the founding of New China, from Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai to later Mr. Deng Xiaoping, was consistent. Yes, we are equal, peaceful diplomacy , not the kind of hegemonic and bullying unequal diplomacy. This is different from the first generation of leaders of the Soviet Union.
So it’s not just that the Soviet Union lacked great figures like Deng Xiaoping, it also lacked great figures like Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. Mr. Deng Xiaoping once said that many of our diplomatic policies today are inherited from Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. Whether it is relations between major countries, relations with developing countries, or various other aspects, the basic foreign policy remains to this day.
As for the Soviet Union, let me put it bluntly. It has always followed what it has always followed, whether it is from the time of Tsarist Russia , or it has basically inherited the unequal treaties held by Tsarist Russia, and treated the unequal treaties during the Tsarist Russia period, and the different nationalities in the country. Those policies have also been inherited. In fact, these are the many problems that occurred before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Many of them are the United States, including Europe, and NATO's eastward expansion. They are one of the main reasons.
But there is also an important reason, that is, when the former Soviet Union owed a lot of debt, there were many hidden conflicts between other republics to neighboring countries and other nationalities in their own country. If we say that the Soviet Union If people or Russians cannot learn and absorb, then they will encounter new challenges and problems in the future.
After the founding of the Communist Party of China and New China, our consistent general policy on foreign affairs and our general policy on domestic affairs are just four words: seek truth from facts and proceed from reality. This was also discussed by Mr. Deng Xiaoping and Mr. Gorbachev when they met. The focus of the second part.
So where do we go from here?
Mr. Deng Xiaoping proposed to him that we should modernize Marxism and adapt socialist construction to national conditions, and build a socialist road based on the characteristics of our own country. These two important strategic ideas are It reminded the Soviet Union at that time that in the face of this Such issues include not doing well in domestic affairs, being unable to seek truth from facts and choosing the path and policy of socialist construction based on the Soviet Union’s own national conditions and characteristics. In addition, Marxism is too rigid and sometimes interpreted Too much dogma, etc., as well as domestic corruption and a series of other problems.
The leaders of the Chinese party and government, and our collective leadership implement this basic policy and principle. At the same time, in terms of domestic affairs, our China continues to adjust according to the development and changes of this era. We finally At the time of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the whole of China was building a new path of socialism with Chinese characteristics , and this flag raised it. This is also the difference between China and the Soviet Union.
Domestic affairs and foreign affairs must be discussed side by side, so I say that what Mr. Gorbachev said makes sense, that is, a strong and pragmatic, equal and peaceful development can implement its own policies with such tolerance and goodwill. Such a party leadership collective with a political line is the foundation for the success of the Chinese revolution, the Communist Party of China, and the People's Republic of China. The failure of the Soviet Union, its failure, and its disintegration are actually the path that Russia has taken until today. Not all smooth sailings are related to domestic and foreign affairs.
There is no need to condemn Mr. Gorbachev too much now. Some people say that he is a traitor, especially friends of Russia. Many people have very good feelings towards the Soviet Union back then. Everyone is criticizing him. Of course, he is In the last few years of his tenure, problems in the entire Soviet Union had already taken shape, which he could not change. So I said that if individuals are responsible for the disintegration of the entire Soviet Union, I think they should look for the shortcomings and ills left behind by Stalin, both externally and internally.
In addition, I think it is more about his national conditions, his social system, political system, and a series of other issues that are directly related to the positive and negative characteristics of his national character. Gorbachev Mr. Husband happened to play such a role at that time. This was also the tragedy of the Soviet Union and his tragedy. But today we all have to be realistic and face this period of history. At the same time, as a Chinese, we can better summarize these successful internal and external experiences in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. I think this may be what we Chinese can get today. the best fortune.
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