In the 42nd chapter of "Span1span Tianlong Babu", Mr. Jin Yong described a wonderful "Shanshishan War" to readers. The three brothers Xiaofeng, Xuzhu and Duan Yu played against You Tanzhi, Ding Chunqiu and Murongfu. Facts have proved that Murong Fu is not well-known, and he is not at all the opponent of the Six-Mai Excalibur. However, Duan Yukan showed mercy to Murongfu's subordinates for Wang Yuyan's face, but Murongfu waited for an opportunity to kill Duan Yu. Fortunately, Xiao Feng shot in time, making Murongfu a big somersault in front of the heroes.
Murong Fuyan lost his face and planned to drew his sword to kill himself, but was blocked by a man in gray. The man in gray said to Murongfu:
"big Yan country back then strong strong Murong Huang , Murong Ke , Chui , Murong de what a hero,Unexpectedly, they have all become unparalleled people who have been cut off from generations! _Span2span
In this way, Murong Fu turned out to be a descendant of the Murong clan of Dayan. Some readers of Jin Yong are very serious. Based on the historical background and events before and after, it is estimated that the Shaoshishan War occurred in 1093 AD. (The eighth year of Yuanyou Song Zhezong). And the last Yan kingdom " south swallow" died in 410 AD. After 683 years, the Murong family is still struggling to "recover the country". This obsession, People are embarrassed.
Martial arts is not history after all, but the old man Jin Yong is not completely nonsense. The Murong family in history has indeed been brilliant, and they have been pursuing the restoration of the country for generations, and they are also real. In this article, the author is here to share the real "Murong family".
1. The rise of the Murong clan
According to the records of "Tongzhi·Clan Profile", the surname Murong originated from Xianbei and lived in Northeast China. The area was therefore called the "Northeast Barbarian." In the early Western Han Dynasty, Maudun, the Huns, was singled out in all directions and beat the various ethnic groups in Northeast China. Later, a group of northeast barbarians moved to the Xianbei Mountain area of Inner Mongolia and established the "Xianbei Kingdom" _P7p
By the time of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, the Xianbei kingdom was split, and the strongest branch lived in Murong Temple, so it was renamed Murong, but at that time “Murong” was just a symbol, and they had no concept of a surname. In addition, Xianbei also has a very famous branch, that is the Tuoba clan.
As for why Murong is named, their explanation later is "The way of Mu Eryi, following the Three Lights", here is "Er Yi" refers to the heaven and earth, and "San Guang" refers to the sun, moon and stars. In fact, the fundamental reason is that this former "Northeast Yi" nation intends to integrate into the Han culture.
Soon after, the Murong clan came out A legend, this person's name is 丹石淮. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" once described the sandalwood tree in this way:
Xianbei sandalwood tree is brave, strong and intelligent, and the tribe is fearful.
That is to say, in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, Tanshi Huai, wise and brave, soon unified the major tribes of Xianbei on the prairie. At that time, Tan Shihuai wanted to invade the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the Han Ling Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty lost the battle. But Tan Shi Huai was not interested in making peace. If Tan Shi Huai had not died at the age of 45, I am afraid that the northern border of the Eastern Han Dynasty would still face huge troubles.
After the death of Tan Shihuai, Xianbei also gradually declined, and then the Eastern Han Dynasty declined and entered the Three Kingdoms era. After Zhuge Liang died in 238 AD, Cao Wei tuned Sima Yi to attack Gongsun Yuan, the Liaodong warlord, the leader of the Xianbei tribe Mo Huba began to seek refuge in Cao Wei. In the following years, when Mo Huba's son and grandson, Xianbei accepted the award from Cao Wei or the Western Jin Dynasty.
After the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the Western Jin Dynasty stepped into troubled times. Mo Huba’s great-grandson Murongxian (wěi) led Xianbei to rise rapidly. At that time, the Central Plains was in war and Murongxian aggressively recruited refugees from the Central Plains and laid the foundation for the rise of the Murong clan. The foundation. From then on, the descendants of the Murong family officially learned from the Han people, using "Murong" as the surname.
Murong Xian led the family for half a century. After his death, he left it to his son Murong Jai (huàng) a great river and mountains. Murong Jai was not an incompetent person. The Book of Jin said that he:
Longyan version of teeth,It is seven feet and eight inches long. Xiongyi has many powers and strategies, is good at Confucianism and astronomy.
Murong Jai established himself as the King of Yan in the third year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (337 AD), and his capital was in Longcheng (Chaoyang, Liaoning). He once again unified Xianbei in the northeast. tribe. Then he headed south, intending to enter the Central Plains.
In the fourth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (348 years), Murong Jah failed to achieve his goal of going south, regrettably passed away, and his son Murong Jun (jùn) succeeded to the throne. Murong Jun is the master of the generation, Fang Xuanling said in the "Book of Jin" Murong Jun:
"Additional service"
When Murong Jun succeeded to the throne, Zhao Shihu’s sons were vying for the throne, and the guerrilla general of Zhao Zhao, Ran Min took the opportunity to seize power. "Murong Jun can only fight Ran Min.
As a result, Murong Jun defeated Ran Min's infantry with cavalry, took in the area and soldiers of Houzhao, and opened the dominance mode. This year is 352 AD. Then Murong Jun proclaimed himself emperor and established the "Great Swallow" and set the capital of Yecheng. Because there are still four "Dayan" regimes behind, historians call the regime established by Murongjun " Qianyan". After all, Murong Jun is the first emperor of the Murong family.
Qian Yan, under the leadership of Murong Jun,Once very powerful. At that time, , the three different regimes of the former Qin , the former Yan and the Eastern Jin dynasty, were three pillars.
From Sima Yi's conquest of Liaodong, Mo Huba attached to Cao Wei to Murong Jun's establishment of Qianyan, the Murong clan has experienced nearly a hundred years of hard work. After 5 generations of hard work, it can be described as the "Fen Fifth Hero" and finally reached its peak. .
There are two main reasons why the Murong family can rise within a hundred years:
First, although the Murong family’s descendants were born and sturdy, they accepted the Han people early Thoughts, for example, all officials in Qianyan are modeled after Cao Wei's model, which is relatively advantageous compared with other "hu people".
Second, the Murong family had a good time. They dormant for many years and encountered the troubled times of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When they rose, they did not receive strong resistance from the Central Plains Dynasty.
2. Murong’s crisis
Murong Jun, who stands at the pinnacle of the family, is an ambitious emperor. However, history seems to have made a joke on the Murong family. Back then, Murong Jun’s father, Murong Jie He died of illness when he was about to go south to the Central Plains. Now, Murong Jun was preparing to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but he also died of illness. Murong Jun was lying on the sick bed and was very unwilling. He looked at his 10-year-old son Murongwei , full of entanglement.
Next, Murong Jun made an unexpected decision. "Book of Jin" says:
Russian is ill in bed, that is Murong Ke said: "...I want to follow Song Xuan far, so that she belongs to you._Span2span
Murong Jun wants to pass the throne to his younger brother Murong Ke instead of his son Murong Wei.
Murong Ke is Murong Jun’s own brother, who was able to defeat Murong Jun, who was at that time. Relying on his younger brother Murong Ke as the pioneer. Like his brother, Murong Ke is the king on the battlefield.
Murong Ke not only fought hard, he was also a master in grasping the hearts of people. He sniffed from his brother's words Because he knew that his brother didn’t really want to pass the throne to him. His nephew Murongwei was only 10 years old, and his elder brother was testing him.
So Murong Ke said:
"Your Majesty" If the ministers are responsible for the world, he would rather not assist the young master! "_Span2span
means: Since your Majesty thinks that I have the ability to open a frontier for the Murong family, don’t doubt that I have the ability to assist the young master.
This time, Murong Jun is relieved, he passed the throne to himself. Murong Wei's son (wěi), and his younger brother Murong Ke assisted in politics. Murong Wei is considered to be the second emperor of the Murong family.
With the assistance of Murong Ke, Qian Yan continued its glory. However, AD In 367, Murong Ke, who had never failed, passed away. He recommended his brother to Murong Chui to assist in the government. Murong Chui was the fifth brother of Murong Jun and Murong Ke. This person was not originally named Murong Chui ( Originally named Murong Ba),Because he was suppressed by Murong Jun in his early years, he changed his name. Unfortunately, Murong Wei did not trust this fifth uncle, and Murong Chui never had the opportunity to display his talents.
Two years later, the famous Eastern Jin general Huanwen expedition to the north, and the former Yan army who lost Murong Ke was vulnerable. Murongwei was forced to move his capital and returned to the old northeast capital Dragon City . At this time, Murongchui finally got a chance. He led eight thousand cavalry to launch a surprise attack and defeated the Eastern Jin army.
Murong Chui became famous in the first battle, but he still couldn't get Murong Wei's trust. Murong Wei even felt that Murong Chui was the master and planned to get rid of Murong Chui. Murongchui desperately went to Qianqin.
After Murong Chui left, the Murong family's talents withered and were quickly wiped out by the former Qin Dynasty. Qian Yan was destroyed, Guo Zuo was only 33 years old.
3. Murongchui, a resounding name
Murongchui dormant in the former Qin for 15 years. After the current Yan's demise, Murongchui's goal in life is to restore the big Yan and also the glory of the Murong family.
Some people say that Murong Chui first went to Qianqin to work as an undercover agent. In fact, this is nonsense, because Murongchui didn't help his family when Qin killed Qianyan. Because what he wanted was not Murongwei's big swallow, but Murongchui's own big swallow.
In 383 AD, the former Qin Fujian led an army of 800,000 to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The famous Eastern Jin general Xie Xuan defeated more with less than 80,000 troops. This is the famous "Battle of Fei Shui". The Battle of Feishui had a direct impact on the direction of Chinese history, and it aborted the great cause of reunification of the former Qin Dynasty. The former Qin also gradually perished because of this battle.
It is said that when Fu Jian was preparing to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many people opposed it, but Murong Chui firmly supported Fu Jian. Later, Fu Jian defeated Feishui, but Murong Chui's 30,000 army was well preserved.It seems that Murong Chui seems to have expected it. However, Murong Chui was also considered loyal. After Fu Jian was defeated, he took the initiative to escort Fu Jian back to Guanzhong, and then he left Fujian and headed towards the road of national restoration.
Murongchui’s first battle for the restoration of the country was to regain Yecheng, the old capital of the former Yan. At that time, the defender of Yecheng was Fu Jian’s son and Fupi . Fupi saw that Murongchui’s attack on the city was too fierce and he couldn’t resist it. So he planned to dedicate Yecheng to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and wanted to deal with Murongchui by the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Sure enough, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was fooled and sent general Liu Laozhi to attack Murongchui. Unexpectedly, Murong Chui first bluffed and then raided Liu Laozhi, causing the latter to fail miserably. You know, Liu Laozhi is a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but in front of Murong Chui's eyes, it seems not worth mentioning.
It can be seen that Murong Chui is definitely a god of war.
In 384 AD, Murong Chui was formally restored to the country and established the Great Swallow, which was called " 后燕" in history. Because Murongchui is the younger brother of the former Emperor Murongjun, the founding monarch of Yan Yan, in a strict sense, he is also the first generation of the "Da Yan" emperor.
In the next ten years, it was Murong Chui's performance moment. With a force of destruction, he successively took away , Qingzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou and other cities of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He also defeated Goguryeo and occupied Liaodong, the home of the Murong family. . At that time, in the Hetao area of the north of Shanxi province, except for the regime of the Northern Wei of the Tuoba clan, almost all other regions were the land of the Houyan, whose area and population far exceeded those of the former. Murong Chui used 10 years of time to not only restore the glory of the Murong family, but also let the rest of the family look up to it.
In that troubled time, not only Murong Chui was in the restoration of the country, but Murong Wei, the last monarch of the former Yan, was also seeking to restore the country during his escape. Just after Murong Chui established Houyan, Murongwei and his brothers re-emerged. After Murongwei died, his younger brother Muronghong established another "Dayan" regime in Guanzhong.Known as "West Yan" in history.
However, after Xiyan civil strife broke out, Murong Hong was assassinated by family members, and his cousin Murong Yong succeeded to the throne.
The territory of Xiyan is relatively small, and the monarch of Xiyan dreams of returning to the east. However, due to the incomprehensible hatred between them and Murongchui, there were clan collisions between Xiyan and Houyan.
Obviously, the weak Xiyan is definitely not Murongchui’s opponent.
Ten years later, Murongchui killed the last emperor of Xiyan and Murongyong. From then on, Xiyan was owned by the Queen Yan and Xiyan’s country Zuo, only 10 years.
As mentioned above, in addition to the Murong clan, the Xianbei clan also has a very famous family, namely the Tuoba clan, and the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to the Tuoba clan.
are both in the north, Murong Chui and Tuobagui are both careerists. In order to fight for the dominance of the north, there is bound to be a battle between the two. Murong Chui likes to conquer others, so he decides to act first and send troops to attack the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time, Houyan was strong and the Northern Wei Dynasty was weak. Murongchui was in his 70s. His son murongbao was not qualified enough. Therefore, Murongchui appointed his son Murongbao to lead the army to attack the Northern Wei Dynasty. In Murongchui's view, this was a game. A stable war can increase the prestige of his son.
Unexpectedly, then, there was a dramatic scene, saying "Win Steady", but in the end he lost. Because Murong Chui was very old at that time, Tuobagui rumored that Murong Chui was dead and kept secret. Murong Bao's army was in a state of chaos. In the end, General Houyan almost wiped out his army at . , Murong Bao desperately took more than a thousand people to escape. After Murong Chui learned the news, he was furious. He personally led troops to attack the Northern Wei Dynasty, intending to retrieve the dignity of the Murong Clan from the Northern Wei Dynasty.
On the way, Murongchui passed by his son's defeated Sanhebei. He dismounted to pay homage to the undead of his dead compatriots. Seeing the mountain of corpses, Murongchui was excited.He even vomited a mouthful of blood and fell ill ever since.
Murong Chui ordered the class teacher, but a generation of God of War died on the way back to the court.
Participating in the setting sun, shining on the back of a heroic twilight, Murongchui, although the restoration of the country was successful, he ended the curtain with sadness.
Later, Jin Yong called the Murong family's residence "Chenhezhuang" in "Tianlong Babu", which is actually quite meaningful.
4. Murong "Five Swallows"
After the Yan lost Murong Chui, just like Qian Yan lost Murong Ke, it quickly withered. Although Murong Bao inherited the throne of Houyan, he was shocked by Tuobagui.
Tuobagui is not a vegetarian. Taking advantage of Murongchui's death, he led an army of 400,000 to attack Houyan and captured most of Houyan's territory in one fell swoop.
In 397 AD, the Northern Wei Dynasty conquered Zhongshan County. Murong Bao's swallow was intercepted by the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Murong Bao was scared and fled, leading the northern half of the forces to live in Longcheng.
Later, there was a civil strife. Murong Bao was killed. His younger brother Murong Lin and Murong Xi succeeded to the throne. Murong Xi was licentious, and his adopted son Murong Yun (Gao Yun) and General Feng Ba joined forces. Kill. Murong Yun established himself as the King of Yan, known as "North Yan" in history.
Because Murong Yun is the adopted son of Murong Xi, he is equivalent to the third generation of the Murong family emperors, and he is barely a member of the Murong family. Later, Feng Ba replaced Murong Yun as the second monarch of Beiyan , and Beiyan completely missed the Murong family.
Thirty years later, Beiyan was destroyed by the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Historically,Although Beiyan is also part of the Murong family, because Murongyun is only an adopted son, and Feng Ba does not have the surname Murong. Therefore, some members of the Murong family do not recognize that "Beiyan" belongs to the Murong family.
The southern half of the Houyan forces, led by and Murongde . Murongde is Murongchui's younger brother and Murongbao's uncle. After Murong Bao died, Murong De proclaimed himself emperor in Qingzhou and established the "Nanyan". Murongde is indeed the younger brother of Murongke and Murongchui. At that time, Nanyan was among the major forces. Murongde held on for 10 years with his strength until he died of illness and passed on to his nephew Murongchao, Nanyan It was eventually destroyed by Liu Yu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
From Murong Jun’s establishment of the former Yan, to Murong Chui’s establishment of the latter Yan, to Murong Hong’s West Yan, Murong Yun’s North Yan and Murong De Nan Yan, Murong’s three generations actually established 5 in just 50 years A different "Dayan" regime. However, the rise and fall are all within a short span of 50 years. Fifty years later, the Murong family was completely reduced to slaves to the "recovery".
5. Rejuvenation, Rejuvenation
is also from the Xianbei tribe. The Murong clan was once brilliant, but they did not go as far as the Tuoba clan. After the demise of the "Five Swallows", the Murong clan was completely liquidated by the Tuoba family. In the following 20 years, Murong people continued to be massacred, and Murong people continued to rebel. In order to take refuge, some people changed to the surname Mu (surname Mu) or the surname Rong. Until the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, some people restored the surname Murong.
After the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Murong clan members were scattered and unable to condense, but the descendants of the Murong royal family were always thinking about how to restore the family glory of the "Big Yan" in the New Year.
However, the slogan is so loud, how easy it is to realize it.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, although the descendants of the Murong family also wanted to restore the country, it was no longer possible. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin had a general named Murong Yanzhao.This person is the descendant of the "five swallows" Murong clan, but Murong Yanzhao has been loyal throughout his life, and there is no sign of treason. According to the "Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty", during the Northern Song Dynasty Song Zhezong, a foreigner named Murong in Suzhou was suspected of rebellion and attempted to establish Dayan, but he was sentenced. Although this is only unofficial history, it may be one of the inspirations for Mr. Jin Yong to fabricate Murongfu and his son.
But in any case, from the demise of Nanyan to Song Zhezong, nearly 700 years, the Murong family still has to regain the country, this obsession is embarrassing.
6. The editor has something to say
Murong is one of China's multiple surnames. In history, the "Five Swallows" period, especially "Qianyan" and "Houyan" were the most glorious times of this surname. However, the once vigorous Murong family has been great and never lost. Throughout history, we will find that the decline of the Murong family is not accidental.
The author believes that there are two important reasons why the Murong family will decline and the "Five Swallows" will easily collapse:
First, the Murong family is willing to be a slave to power. Since Murong Jun established Qianyan, the "Five Swallows" regime has never been in harmony. They either faced father and son fratricide, or faced brother suspicion. Although this family has many talents, they are not united. In the long-term internal conflict, the Murong family members have long become slaves to power. This is the beginning of this family tragedy.
Second, the Murong family's system is too backward. Although the Murong clan has been Sinicized for a long time, the core of its rule is still supported by a powerful monarch. The monarch's ability directly determines the future of the regime.
From ancient times to the present, when a country has pinned its destiny on a certain person, tragedy is not far from them. The destruction of the "Five Swallows" of the Murong family has a lot to do with this.
The history is turbulent, many surnames have been glorious, no matter how glorious the past, that is also the past. We live in an era of multi-ethnic unity,Whether it is Zhao Qian, Sun Li or Murong Ouyang, facing great changes unseen in a century, people of all surnames in China will unite and face challenges together, and do what we deserve for the development of the motherland and the peace of the world. contribution.
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