950, Chairman Mao was flipping through documents in his study when a person suddenly came in.
Chairman looked up and found that he was the first Minister of Water Resources of New China, Fu Zuoyi, who had just taken office.
Chairman Mao asked Fu Zuoyi, is there anything you want to report?
Fu Zuoyi's expression was a little strange, and he was confused, and then said that he had something to report to the Chairman.
Chairman saw Fu Zuoyi's subtle expression and just smiled and waited. After a moment, Fu Zuoyi said: Chairman, I still have a batch of weapons and radio stations hidden and want to hand them over to the country.
Before the chairman could speak, Fu Zuoyi said that he was guilty and hoped that the chairman would punish him.
Because After the founding of New China, all weapons were kept by the People's Liberation Army. Radio stations are also precious assets of the country. Fu Zuoyi privately hid weapons and radio stations, which can be said to have committed a serious crime.
What Fu Zuoyi did not expect was that Chairman Mao was not angry but happy, and still smiled and said you should keep it for yourself!
So, why did Fu Zuoyi secretly hide weapons and radio after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and why did Chairman Mao trust him so much?
(Fu Zuoyi)
Next, let us clearly explain:
1. " Seven and Halfway " general
If we want to figure out Fu Zuoyi's position after the founding of the country, it is very necessary for us to understand what kind of general Fu Zuoyi was before the surrender uprising.
1895, Fu Zuoyi was born in a small village in Shanxi next to Yellow River . This village has suffered from the flooding of the Yellow River for many years, which also made Fu Zuoyi plant a heart for water conservancy management in his heart.
At that time, China was facing a severe situation of internal and external troubles. Fu Zuoyi was sent to the military academy by his father. Fu Zuoyi had a strong military talent and performed well in the military academy.
Fu Zuoyi, who accepted the progressive thought, knew the importance of revolution and participated in Xinhai Revolution .
After graduating from military academy, Fu Zuoyi joined the army of Yan Xishan .
(Yan Xishan)
Fu Zuoyi's ability was outstanding and was soon valued by Yan Xishan and promoted all the way, becoming the commander of the Fourth Division of the Jinsui Army .
1928 was an important year for Fu Zuoyi, because in this year, Fu Zuoyi officially gained his reputation.
Faced with the Fengtian army with strong combat effectiveness, Fu Zuoyi led his troops into the hinterland of the Fengtian army and occupied Zhuozhou. However, except for Fu Zuoyi, the Jin army, , were defeated one after another, and Fu Zuoyi's troops became an isolated army for a time.
The Fengtian army immediately launched an attack on Zhuozhou, but the Fu Zuoyi army, which was less than 10,000 people, was defended for more than 100 days, shocking the whole country. Even the young marshal Zhang Xueliang could not help but sigh at Fu Zuoyi's military capabilities.
(Zhang Xueliang)
Yan Xishan knew that it was meaningless to fight again between the two sides, so he asked Fu Zuoyi to reconcile with the Fengjun and accept the adaptation of the Fengjun.
Although Fu Zuoyi was adapted by the Feng army in the end, his record of defending Zhuozhou for more than 100 days was enough to make him famous all over the country.
Shortly afterwards, the Central Plains War broke out again. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek won, and the warlords such as Yan Xishan were weakened one after another. Fu Zuoyi, who belonged to the Yan Xishan faction, was also incorporated again and began to serve as the chairman of Suiyuan Province.
During the time of serving as chairman of Suiyuan , Fu Zuoyi implemented a series of measures to improve the living conditions of local people, which was well received in the local area and made great contributions to Suiyuan's economic development and people's stability.
931, the Japanese army began to extend its claws of invasion, but Chiang Kai-shek was obsessed with "resisting foreign countries and stabilizing the country", and spent all his energy on encircling and suppressing the Red Army.
(Chang Kai-shek)
Fu Zuoyi was very dissatisfied with this and repeatedly publicly called on Suiyuan and the people of the whole country to actively fight against Japan.
1933, Fu Zuoyi led his soldiers to fight against the Japanese invaders and launched the first head-on battle between our army and Japan.
Three years later, the Japanese army began to attack Suiyuan. Fu Zuoyi decisively sent troops and launched the Suiyuan Anti-Japanese War, sounding the clarion call for the War of Resistance Against Japan a year later.
After the outbreak of the full-scale anti-Japanese war, Yan Xishan also began to participate in the war. When the emergency was in progress, Yan Xishan convened Fu Zuoyi and other confidants to hold an emergency meeting.
Yan Xishan said that the wife's pass is in urgent need, and the most urgent task is to defend Taiyuan and asked who would be willing to lead troops to garrison Taiyuan.
In fact, Yan Xishan also retains his own strength, and the generals present also have their own little thoughts, so no one answered.
After a moment of silence, Fu Zuoyi spoke. How could he consider his own strength in the country in times of crisis? Fu Zuoyi was so arrogant and volunteered to defend Taiyuan.
In June of the same year, the main division of the Japanese army began to invade Taiyuan. As the troops outside the city were defeated one after another, Fu Zuoyi once again became an isolated army, but with outstanding command ability, he stood firm under the fierce offensive of the Japanese army for two days.
During this period, Fu Zuoyi never thought of retreating, but just to cover the evacuation of other troops and swear to persevere. In his letter to his family, Fu Zuoyi wrote: As long as one breath remains, he vows to fight the Japanese invaders to the end. Fu Zuoyi was a patriotic general.
Until the Japanese army invaded the city, Chiang Kai-shek gave Fu Zuoyi an order to retreat, and Fu Zuoyi took his remaining troops to evacuate. Sun Lianzhong, Wei Lihuang and other troops also successfully evacuated with Fu Zuoyi's cover. The Japanese army stopped their attack due to heavy losses in attacking Taiyuan.
Since then, Fu Zuoyi has led his troops to fight on the front line of the anti-Japanese war, vigorously resisted the Japanese invaders, stopped the Japanese invaders' pace of the southern invasion, and made great contributions to our country's war of resistance against Japan.
It is worth mentioning that during this period, General Fu Zuoyi had contact with the Eighth Route Army stationed on the other side of the river.
Fu Zuoyi admired the will of the Eighth Route Army very much, and Fu Zuoyi also forged a deep friendship with He Long, the general of the Communist Party of .
(He Long)
Slowly, Fu Zuoyi saw the excellent style and strict military and political work of the Communist Party of China, and began to learn from each other with the Eighth Route Army and learn from our army's combat methods.
After this, Fu Zuoyi's troops gradually had a shadow of the Eighth Route Army. Every time the Japanese army encountered Fu Zuoyi's troops, they would think it was the Eighth Route Army's troops.
So, Fu Zuoyi's nickname "Seven and a half" spread. Fu Zuoyi belonged to the National Army, but he had a close relationship with the Eighth Route Army during the Anti-Japanese War and his style of conduct was as brave and fearless as the Eighth Route Army, so he had such a nickname.
The friendship with the Eighth Route Army at this time also laid the groundwork for Fu Zuoyi's uprising and surrendering many years later.
2. The uprising was not sincere
As we all know, Fu Zuoyi was the biggest contributor here in the peaceful liberation of Peking . It was precisely because he abandoned the darkness and chose to surrender that this ancient city in Peking was spared from the destruction of war.
However, it was not until 1950 that he confessed to Chairman Mao that he still had weapons and radio stations privately, which shows one thing, that is, Fu Zuoyi did not completely treat the CCP sincerely at least from the two years after the uprising to 1950.
Time goes back to 1948. In the second half of this year, the People's Liberation Army successively launched the Jinan Battle , the Liaoshen Battle, the Huaihai Battle and the Pingjin Battle , which reversed the battlefield situation in one fell swoop, and the Kuomintang's defeat was decided.
After the Northeast is liberated, the next step is to liberate Peking and Tianjin. Lin Biao and Luo Rongheng immediately led the Northeast Field Army to enter the pass and began to confront Fu Zuoyi, who was stationed in the Pingjin area.
It has to be mentioned here that Fu Zuoyi had seven large-scale battles with our army during the Liberation War, all of which won, defeated generals such as He Long, Nie Rongzhen, and slowly expanded his troops, also known as the strongest "miscellaneous army".
However, this time is not the same. With the extraordinary results achieved by our army in the Huaihai Battle, we successively encircled and annihilated Huang Baitao and Huang Wei's troops, and Du Yuming was also deeply surrounded, which made Fu Zuoyi the only elite corps of the Kuomintang in the north.
Faced with this desperate situation, Fu Zuoyi naturally felt a little reluctant. Chiang Kai-shek in the south also considered the importance of Fu Zuoyi's troops, and he also had the idea of letting Fu Zuoyi lead the team south.
How could Chairman Mao have a far-sighted vision and surrounded Du Yuming's troops, but did not attack, giving Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi an illusion that he could still rescue Du Yuming, delaying Fu Zuoyi's plan to retreat south.
(Du Yuming)
In December of the same year, East China Field Army began to enter the pass and annihilate the 35th army of Fu Zuoyi's elite troops, and began to march towards the Pingjin area. The millions of the People's Liberation Army were about to gather.
Fu Zuoyi knew that there was not much time left for himself, and there were only three roads in front of him:
One of them, immediately headed south from the sea and followed Chiang Kai-shek. Not to mention that the People's Liberation Army has begun to surround the sea route. Even if it successfully goes south, Fu Zuoyi, who knows that Chiang Kai-shek is a human being, knows that he is not Chiang Kai-shek's direct lineage and is likely to be eroded by Chiang Kai-shek in the future.
The second is to evacuate westward. After all, Fu Zuoyi served as the chairman of the Suiyuan area and had a certain foundation there. He could even cooperate with Ma Family Army . But at this time, the People's Liberation Army had already reached Tianjin. Faced with a million troops, it was difficult for Fu Zuoyi to break through.
Finally, it was a decisive battle with the People's Liberation Army. After all, Fu Zuoyi had been winning in the early stage of the battle, so Fu Zuoyi still felt confident to defeat the People's Liberation Army head-on and then find an opportunity to break through.
In fact, Fu Zuoyi's initial idea was to consider the decisive battle. He first asked his daughter Fu Dongju to send a telegram to Chairman Mao, expressing his willingness to negotiate, but the People's Liberation Army needs to retreat.
(Fu Dongju)
At that time, Lin Biao, Luo Rongheng and others almost believed Fu Zuoyi's remarks, but fortunately Chairman Mao stopped them in time.
Chairman Mao saw through Fu Zuoyi's intention at a glance and immediately ordered the army to attack Tianjin in January. He liberated Tianjin in just one day and captured the commander of the Tianjin defender Chen Changjie.
Now, Fu Zuoyi completely lost the ability to fight the People's Liberation Army. He did not expect that Chairman Mao would be so decisive and see through his intentions.
At this time, Fu Zuoyi's confidant Yan Youwen pointed out the fourth way for him: surrender. And it clarifies the pros and cons.
retreated to Chiang Kai-shek's place in the south and would inevitably be neglected in the future. If the Ma family army is thrown into the west, it will not be able to break through at the moment. If a decisive battle begins, the ancient city of Peking will be destroyed, and you and I will all become sinners throughout the ages. The only way is to surrender.
Fu Zuoyi trusted Yan Youwen very much, and Yan Youwen's words reached Fu Zuoyi's heart. At this time, Fu Zuoyi also planned to surrender. What Fu Zuoyi didn't know was that Yan Youwen was actually a member of our party who had been lurking for many years and played a key role at this time.
On January 16 of the same year, Fu Zuoyi agreed to the conditions for the uprising and signed a relevant agreement later, which also means that Fu Zuoyi chose to revolt, and after that, Peking also successfully completed the liberation.
However, is Fu Zuoyi really sincere in his surrender this time? The answer is obviously no.
Chairman Mao’s trust was opposed to public opinion
Go back to the day in 1950. When Fu Zuoyi said that he still had weapons and radio stations privately, it was equivalent to admitting something in disguise, that is, Fu Zuoyi still had bad intentions in the past two years.
Logically speaking, Fu Zuoyi's behavior was considered a rebellious act, but Chairman Mao's reaction was extremely friendly, and he just smiled and said: Keep it for yourself.
This sentence conveys two messages. First, Chairman Mao trusts Fu Zuoyi very much and believes that he will not make a rebellious move; second, Chairman Mao himself also has great confidence. Chairman Mao believes that Fu Zuoyi dares and cannot, and commits a rebellion.
So, since Fu Zuoyi has revolted in Peiping and promoted the peaceful liberation of Peiping, how did he secretly make small moves?
It is undeniable that Fu Zuoyi is definitely one of the greatest contributors to the peaceful uprising of Peking and has also made great contributions to the liberation of the whole country. However, Fu Zuoyi was definitely not willing, nor was he sincere in his heart, and he had no different hearts.
(Fu Zuoyi)
After signing the uprising agreement, Fu Zuoyi actually had several "resistance" with the People's Liberation Army. First of all, he asked his troops to remain unchanged, but this request was immediately rejected by our army.
Then, Fu Zuoyi also hoped to establish a coalition government in Peiping, which implied that Fu Zuoyi was unwilling to be under the name of the Communist Party of China. There is no doubt that this proposal was rejected by our army again.
In response to this, Nie Rongzhen, Luo Rongheng, Lin Biao and others also specially called the Central Committee, saying that although Fu Zuoyi had rebelled, he had not yet relied on his political awareness.
(Luo Rongheng)
However, the Chairman knew this and just put Fu Zuoyi's affairs aside, ordered the People's Liberation Army soldiers to speed up the completion of the liberation of Peking, and immediately started the liberation work in Suiyuan area.
Since Suiyuan was Fu Zuoyi's territory, the liberation mission was handed over to Fu Zuoyi to communicate, which was also his first mission after surrendering.
At that time, other leaders of the Party were worried that Fu Zuoyi would take the opportunity to be independent when he went to Suiyuan, but Chairman Mao was full of confidence and said that Fu Zuoyi's 200,000 troops had been taken over by us, and he would never run away. Even if he ran away, it would be harmless.
As Chairman Mao expected, after Fu Zuoyi went to Suiyuan, he did concentrate on carrying out the uprising.
However, when Fu Zuoyi was arranging Suiyuan affairs, he secretly contacted another senior Kuomintang general, Xu Yongchang, and asked him to come to Suiyuan to meet.
(Xu Yongchang)
According to Xu Yongchang, Fu Zuoyi asked him to meet at that time and first asked about the situation of the Kuomintang and whether the United States would provide assistance. Xu Yongchang said that there was hope. Fu Zuoyi, who had been in charge for many years, immediately knew that the Kuomintang had lost, and the Americans would not support him.
From this point of view, Fu Zuoyi definitely did not move closer to our party. Inquiring about the situation of the Kuomintang and whether the United States is willing to support the Kuomintang is just to return to the Kuomintang.
The two talked several times in Suiyuan. In the last conversation, Fu Zuoyi even expressed his own plan to "lurk" the CCP: build a farm in the Hetao area, let his soldiers develop on the farm, and respond immediately when the situation suddenly changes in the future.
Fu Zuoyi's idea was truly recorded in Xu Yongchang's later "Xu Yongchang's Diary", which is enough to illustrate the authenticity. He sent the soldiers to the farm to lie dormant, which shows that Fu Zuoyi's thoughts were a bit sinister at this time.
What makes Fu Zuoyi still have the fantasy of the Kuomintang revival in his heart?
(Chairman Mao and Fu Zuoyi)
First of all, at the beginning, the vast majority of the Kuomintang generals believed that the United States and the Soviet Union would definitely fight . At that time, the Kuomintang would stand on the side of the United States, and the New China would be on the united front with the Soviet Union. Then the Kuomintang is likely to achieve revival with the United States' east wind.
Secondly, it is Fu Zuoyi's own speculation. He believes that from March to April 1950, the economy of New China will inevitably collapse, and this emerging country will find it difficult to survive, so he can take advantage of the chaos to rise up.
However, in July, Fu Zuoyi wrote a letter to Chairman Mao, saying that Chiang Kai-shek and Yan Xishan betrayed the country and were so guilty. Fu Zuoyi's approach to cursing both sides was obviously betting on both sides and taking the opportunity to act. After the founding ceremony of
, the Party Central Committee arranged work for these senior generals of the uprising, while Fu Zuoyi, who had a strong soldier before, only required to engage in water conservancy work.
Fu Zuoyi's request has two reasons. First, it is the "farm accumulation" he mentioned before and Xu Yongchang, and the water conservancy function work can provide cover for this; second, it is also a dream of managing water conservancy since he was a child.
If the Kuomintang has the opportunity to fight back in the future, then Fu Zuoyi will bring the soldiers from the farm to rise up. If the new China develops normally, then he will honestly manage water conservancy.
In fact, when Fu Zuoyi proposed to serve as Minister of Water Resources, many leaders of the Party Central Committee opposed it. The reason is naturally to doubt his motives. After all, after the uprising, Fu Zuoyi's political awareness was still deeply suspicious of some leaders.
Chairman Mao was not in a mess and tried his best to resist the opposition. He also said that Fu Zuoyi made great contributions and wanted to do water conservancy, so he would arrange for him to serve as Minister of Water Conservancy.
Fu Zuoyi certainly wanted to manage water conservancy, but there were some small thoughts behind it, so Chairman Mao naturally knew it, but Chairman Mao still chose to let him do water conservancy because Chairman Mao was confident that Fu Zuoyi's small move would definitely not be able to do it.
As expected, not long after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the New China was developing vigorously. The New China crisis speculated by Fu Zuoyi did not come. Instead, there was laughter and joy in the country, and people were full of enthusiasm to build a country.
Foreign countries, the United States and the Soviet Union did not launch a decisive battle, but instead fought on the Korean battlefield. Chinese volunteers were dispatched to fight against the United States and were not afraid of this world overlord at all.
Chiang Kai-shek, since he withdrew to Taiwan, his letter exchanges with Fu Zuoyi have almost been cut off, and other generals have ordered to reduce their ties with Fu Zuoyi. The three phenomena of
made Fu Zuoyi feel a sense of identity with New China and the Party Central Committee for the first time, and his political awareness began to move closer to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
The most important thing is that Fu Zuoyi felt the absolute trust of Chairman Mao and repeatedly stated that he was a great hero in the liberation of Peking and even the entire War of Liberation, which made Fu Zuoyi a little flattered.
Finally, one day in the late 1950, Fu Zuoyi found Chairman Mao and confessed that he had hidden guns and radio stations, and clearly stated the number and hiding place.
Chairman Mao’s answer also surprised Fu Zuoyi: Keep it for yourself. The sentence
conveys two messages to Fu Zuoyi. One is that Chairman Mao trusts him, and the other is that Chairman Mao has confidence, and Fu Zuoyi dare not use it.
This matter was mentioned in the autobiography published in 2001 by Shi Zhe , who was then the director of the Central Secretary. The authenticity can be guaranteed.
(Shizhe)
In this way, Fu Zuoyi eventually turned from a surrendered general who had ill-hearted intentions to the Minister of Water Resources who was convinced by the Party Central Committee. He had no other thoughts in his heart and was determined to do a good job in water conservancy and contribute to the Party and the country.
Fu Zuoyi is naturally very responsible in water conservancy work. He went to inspect many times, formulated plans, and took the lead in labor. Therefore, Fu Zuoyi also became the longest-term Minister of Water Resources in my country's history, and was widely loved and praised by the people.
(Fu Zuoyi)
Conclusion:
Fu Zuoyi was a great contributor to the liberation of Peking and also made great contributions to our party's completion of the liberation of the whole country.
However, as an old general of the Kuomintang, Fu Zuoyi was not completely loyal to the party at the beginning, but secretly arranged small measures so that he could have the right time to start a business in the future. However, the prosperity of the New China, the tough attitude of the Party Central Committee, and Chairman Mao's support and trust eventually made the dissatisfied surrender general move closer to the party, to the country and the people.
Fu Zuoyi confessed that he had hidden weapons and radio stations, which shows that Fu Zuoyi knew his mistakes and could correct them, and abandoned the darkness and turned to the light, which also reflects Chairman Mao's far-sightedness and kindness to others.
References:
Kang Yanxin, Shi Jinping, Fan Xinping. The journey to Fu Zuoyi in Xibaipo [J]. Chinese and Foreign Abstracts, 2020, (Issue 16).
Fu Zuoyi Guards Flow in Xiangshan Incident [J]. Overview of Party History, 2019, (Issue 12).
Two storms before and after the Uprising of Fu Zuoyi [J]. Party and Government Forum (Cadres Articles) Abstract), 2011, (Issue 2).
Zhang Peili. Witnessing the Fu Zuoyi and Suiyuan Uprising [J]. Archives World, 2005, (Issue 2).
Shi Deqing, Kong Ling. The first Minister of Water Resources of the Republic - Fu Zuoyi [J]. Research on Water Conservancy Development, 2004, (Issue 7).
Editor: Fu Daoen
Editor: Lin Hua
