In 1919, the land of China was surging, and student movements in Beijing, Tianjin and other places were in full swing.
Deng Yingchao, who studied at the Beiyang Zhili No. 1 Women's Normal University, is also the trender of this movement. She was just 15 years old this year.
At this time, there was a young man who had just returned from studying in Japan and served as the editor-in-chief of the "Tianjin Student Federation Newspaper". He was talented and quickly became famous in Tianjin.
In 1918, Zhou Enlai studied in Japan
He is a 21-year-old young man Zhou Enlai.
Here, two young men and women meet unexpectedly, deducing a legendary love of more than 50 years.
Yang Zhende, born in 1876, was born in Changsha. His grandfather was a wealthy businessman. When his father’s generation fell in the family, his father took his wife and daughter to Nanning, Guangxi to make a living. When
was 14 years old, his parents passed away one after another. Yang Zhende relied on his self-taught Chinese medicine skills to make a living and live alone.
In 1901, the 25-year-old Yang Zhende, after the media’s words, continued to marry Deng Zhongting, a Taiwanese master in Guangxi.
In that era, this was considered an older young woman.
In 1904, Yang Zhende gave birth to a girl named Yu Ai, and she was Deng Yingchao.
Unexpectedly, Deng Zhongting saw that she was a girl, very dissatisfied, and indifferent to her mother and daughter. More seriously, Deng Zhongting wanted to give away his daughter as soon as Yu Ai was full of moon. Fortunately, Yang Zhende fought desperately, holding the child in one hand and the kitchen knife in the other: "You are going to give away your daughter and kill me first!" The lady who has always been meek, suddenly fought hard with him. Although Deng Zhongting has a violent temperament, she is also unreasonable. One was surprised and chose to compromise.
But even if I live in such a family, it doesn't last long.
Soon, Deng Zhongting's work changed. He was sent to Xinjiang for three years in exile for deceiving the emperor, and he could be reinstated after three years. Because her daughter was still young, Yang Zhende could not accompany her, so she became a seller of property and collected travel expenses for her husband.
After her husband left, Yang Zhende could have been practicing medicine to support the mother and daughter. But because he is a "family of a criminal official", he cannot practice medicine in Guangxi. Reluctantly, Deng Yingchao at a young age followed her mother to Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, etc., wandering about half of China, only to solve the problem of livelihood, but still often in trouble.
In 1910, in Tianjin, my mother got a job as a school doctor with the help of Deng Zhongting's fellow villager. She earned 10 yuan a month and was in charge of food and accommodation. This income was enough for the mother and daughter to live, but due to the support of Deng Zhongting and his ex-wife’s son, Deng Yingchao, who was only 7 years old, had to work in a weaving factory and could earn 7 copper plates a day.
should go to school at such an age.
Fortunately, her mother later got a higher-paying job, and Deng Yingchao didn't have to go to work anymore. The mother has the cultural background, she took the time to concentrate on teaching her daughter to learn knowledge. This year, another incident happened. Deng Zhongting's exile in Xinjiang expired, and the family can be reunited as soon as he watches. I was about to go home, but suddenly died.
Since then, Deng Yingchao has completely depended on her mother.
Deng Yingchao and his mother Yang Zhende
but as long as people live, life has to go forward.
1913 was an extremely important year for both mother Yang Zhende and Deng Yingchao. Zhang Xinghua, a member of the
League, introduced Yang Zhende to teach in a civilian school in Beijing run by the Socialist Party. 9-year-old Deng Yingchao was also able to attend the school. Although working here only cares about board and lodging and has no salary, but I have been exposed to some simple revolutionary ideas.
But only half a year, the Socialist Party was suppressed by Yuan Shikai , the person in charge was killed, and the school was banned. His mother was unemployed and Deng Yingchao dropped out of school, so she had to return to Tianjin. Although the experience of
was short, Deng Yingchao and her daughter seemed to see another way of living. Although the material difficulties remain, but the heart has become more abundant.
In order to create opportunities for Deng Yingchao to study, her mother does four part-time jobs a day.
After the careful instruction of her mother, this autumn, Deng Yingchao falsely reported that he was two years old and was admitted to the Primary School Affiliated to the First Women's Normal School in Zhili Province.
Deng Yingchao when he was studying in 1916
Two years later, Deng Yingchao was admitted to the Zhili No. 1 Women’s Normal University preparatory course, and entered the college a year laterSubject learning.
In 1919, Deng Yingchao devoted himself to the May Fourth Movement and was elected as the captain of the Tianjin Women’s Patriotic Comrades’ Club. She was also a leader in the sport. She met Zhou Enlai and co-founded the Jiuwu Society. She also published the occasional publication "Kue Wu". , Propagating patriotic ideas. Of course, the author is Zhou Enlai.
But at that time, they were just two like-minded patriotic youths who did not fall in love at first sight, nor did they have a good relationship with each other. In their thinking, apart from patriotism or patriotism, apart from revolution or revolution, they dare not have any "non-fault". What's more,
was not allowed in that era. Schools are separated from men and women, called girls' schools, mixed schools sound like new things.
However, in 1920, things turned around.
In the summer of this year, Deng Yingchao graduated from university with honors, and was hired as a teacher by the primary school affiliated to Beijing Normal University (now Beijing Normal University). As usual, at that time female teachers could only work in girls' schools, but Deng Yingchao was able to work in boys' schools, which was a special case.
On November 7th of this year, the French cruise ship "Bordeaux" set sail from Shanghai. In the fourth-class cabin, there were 197 work-study students, Zhou Enlai was one of them. This group of aspiring young people is going to France to explore the truth about saving the country and the people. They also include some members of the Consciousness Society, but after all, the number of places to go to France is also limited. Most of the members of the Consciousness Society stay in the country like Deng Yingchao.
In this way, Deng Yingchao and Zhou Enlai, after a brief acquaintance, went away.
seems to be blocked by thousands of mountains and rivers, and the contact between the two people seems to be interrupted, but it precisely creates the opportunity for the two to pass the book. Of course, their exchanges are limited to "official business", the exchange of domestic and foreign revolutions, and their thoughts.
Deng Yingchao wrote to Zhou Enlai about the organization of the "feminist movement alliance" in China, the establishment of the "Actress Club", the publication of the "Actress" issue, and the establishment of the "Women's Daily" and other news.
The mimeographed publications "Youth" and "Red Light" sent by Zhou Enlai from France also refreshed Deng Yingchao. At the same time, Zhou Enlai also sent Deng Yingchao his own experience of learning Marxism and articles on current affairs.
Of course, when Zhou Enlai sent the letter, Zhou Enlai sent a lot of postcards, showing their side of life in the French Revolution. Deng Yingchao received the most postcards, more than 100. In 1983, Deng Yingchao also recalled this scene. She kept these postcards in a photo album.
has no sweet words. In these letters and postcards, gradually, the hearts of two like-minded revolutionary youths are getting closer and closer.
In 1922, Deng Yingchao returned to Tianjin and taught at Daren Girls' School.
Daren Girls’ School Teacher Group Photo
After two or three years of letter exchange, in 1923, Zhou Enlai, who was a part-time student in Europe, wrote to Deng Yingchao, confessing his heart.
There is no doubt that two young people appreciate each other, this is a matter of mutual affection. Deng Yingchao also told her mother Yang Zhende about this. Although her mother had met Zhou Enlai and admired the young man very much, after all, marriage is a lifetime matter, not to mention that she had already had a very unfortunate marriage. For her daughter’s marriage, she was Be cautious.
Yang Zhende did not directly confirm. She persuaded Deng Yingchao to talk about everything after Zhou En came back to China. But the young man was anxious, and soon Deng Yingchao and Zhou Enlai confirmed their relationship.
Yang Zhende deserves to be an enlightened mother. Although she has reservations, she also recognized the relationship between the two and received Zhou Enlai's younger brother Zhou Tongyu.
More details about their relationship. Later, when he was in Yan'an , by chance, Zhou Enlai accidentally revealed a little information.
In Yan'an, the leaders, subordinates, and the masses are intimate, and they can drop by at will. Once, Zhou Enlai went for a walk with Chen Yi and Li Fuchun, and walked to the back ditch of Yangjialing , where the United Front Work Department and the Women’s Committee are located.
Deng Yingchao and Chen Geng were surrounded by a group of girls as soon as the three heads of
arrived in Yan'an. Among them, one bold girl asked Zhou Enlai: "Vice Chairman Zhou, the comrades in Yan'an all say that you and Xiaochao are model Husband and wife, how do you fall in love?"Z34z
Zhou Enlai replied wittily: "When I was a work-study program in France, many comrades matched it." I just pulled my fingers and counted, counted, counted your little super big sister. "Z34z
In January 1924, Deng Yingchao joined the Communist Youth League and later became a party member and served as the Minister of Women of the CCP Tianjin.
In July of the same year, Zhou Enlai returned from Paris and arrived in Guangzhou in September, serving as the chairman of the Guangdong District Committee of the CCP and the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy. Director, and later served in the Eastern Expeditionary Army. Z1z
was in love, one in Guangzhou and the other in Tianjin. After returning to China for nearly a year, Zhou Enlai could not spare time to visit Deng Yingchao. Z1z
was not in danger until July 1925 when Deng Yingchao was attacked by the Tianjin authorities. Wanted, and organized and arranged to go south to Guangzhou, and finally the two had a chance to meet again. The
mother and daughter have been dependent on each other, but this time, Yang Zhende stayed in Tianjin for the first time and parted with her daughter. She was reluctant to give up, but still chose I believe in my daughter, I believe that Zhou Enlai can bring happiness to his children and support them to go south.
moved around for a month. In August, Deng Yingchao arrived in Guangzhou by boat, but Zhou Enlai was too busy with the provincial and port strike, and couldn’t find time to pick up people at the dock. Secretary Chen Geng was entrusted to pick up the people.
Although Chen Geng is a clever ghost, he has never seen anyone. Based on the photos, he was blinded at the bustling dock and did not receive Deng Yingchao, so he had to go back and apologize to Zhou Enlai.
Deng Yingchao hadn’t seen Zhou Enlai for 5 years since Tianjin’s goodbye. She looked at the dock crowd with excitement and did not see Zhou Enlai’s shadow. She had to find the door by herself according to the address.
Soon, Deng Yingchao and Zhou Enlai completed the wedding in a very simple little house in Guangzhou. There is no ceremony, no wedding banquet, no new clothes, no applause. There is nothing that should be there, but the only thing there is two hot hearts.
October, Deng Yingchao sent a telegram, asking Zhou Tongyu to pick up Yang Zhende to come to Guangzhou. But at this time, Zhou Enlai was leading the Eastern Expedition and was not in Guangzhou.
Yang Zhende came to Guangzhou and saw his daughter's sallow complexion, only a few months apart what happened. Only then did I know that it was caused by a private abortion, and my mother was distressed and angry. Under the care of her mother, Deng Yingchao's body quickly recovered. After recovering, Deng Yingchao became the Minister of Women of the KMT Guangdong Party Department. Yang Zhende did not want to rely on her daughter-in-law. She herself went to Zhixin Middle School as a superintendent. In
, Yang Zhende was 50 years old. At the end of 1926, Zhou Enlai was transferred from Guangzhou to the Organization Department of the Shanghai Naval Committee, but Deng Yingchao was facing childbirth. At the critical moment, the two had to stop there. The difference, but this difference left Zhou Enlai's lifelong regret.
In March 1927, the third workers' uprising led by Zhou Enlai successfully occupied Shanghai. In April, when the counter-revolutionary coup was launched at Chiang Kai-shek to suppress the Communist Party, Yang Zhende Accompanied Deng Yingchao to be admitted to the German Church Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, but unfortunately the child was difficult to give birth.
but no one I don't know, this child was actually their last child.
Soon, Guangzhou also began to massacre the Communist Party. Deng Yingchao escaped because of being admitted to the hospital. Later, under the cover of doctors and nurses, Deng Yingchao's mother and daughter sailed to Hong Kong first.
arrived in Shanghai on May 1.
But Shanghai is so big, where Zhou Enlai is, they don't know anything, so they can only find a small hotel to live in.
But with years of underground party work experience, it is not difficult for them to find people.
The next day, Yang Zhende posted a missing person notice in the newspaper: Wu Hao, you have not wanted your wife for a long time, now I take her to Shanghai to find you, and hope to come to the hotel as soon as I see the newspaper.
Zhou Enlai actually paid attention to the news in the newspaper every day. After seeing the revelation, he immediately sent someone to pick up Deng Yingchao's mother and daughter, and sent Deng Yingchao to Fumin Hospital for treatment.
At this time, Zhou Enlai got the unfortunate news: was too nervous and fatigued after giving birth, and the uterus was not contracted well, so I am afraid that I cannot get pregnant again.
This is sad news, but at this time, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei's anti-communist climax period, Zhou Enlai has no time to consider these personal matters. He traveled to Wuhan, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Jiangxi and other places, Engaged in revolutionary work. After
, he experienced the rebellion of Gu Shunzhang and Xiang Zhongfa. Zhou Enlai was in danger at any time, and Deng Yingchao was always by his side.
In 1931, Zhou Enlai went to work in Central Soviet Area . Soon, Deng Yingchao also came to the Soviet Area, and later took his mother-in-law over. The three were finally reunited, but in order not to cause trouble for their daughter and son-in-law, the 57-year-old Yang Zhende chose to work in the Red Army Hospital. Of course, she is an excellent doctor.
In September 1934, the Central Red Army decided to take the Long March, but Deng Yingchao was unable to walk because of severe lung disease, so the organization decided to carry her on a stretcher. But Zhou Enlai's mother-in-law, Yang Zhende, was too old to follow the team, so she stayed. After
was arrested at Nanchang , the judge asked her to persuade Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao not to be the Communist Party, Yang Zhende righteously said: "Our parents can't control children's affairs, even Chairman Jiang can't control our own son."
Chiang Ching-kuo was in the Soviet Union.
After that, Yang Zhende was detained in the Jiujiang Institute of Reflectance until after the Xi'an Incident, Zhou Enlai proposed the release of political prisoners during the negotiations between the KMT and the Communist Party, but the KMT asked for someone to release the security before he was released.
Yang Zhende didn't want to hurt others, saying: "I have no relatives and no reason, no one is out of guarantee. You can let it go if you want to let it go, even if you don't let it go!"
Later, the introspection court closed, and Yang Zhende was released the last one.
But in 1940, Yang Zhende reached the end of his life.
Deng Yingchao, Zhou Enlai, Mao Anying, and Mao Anying
This year, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao returned to Chongqing from the Soviet Union for treatment, and Zhou Enlai took his mother-in-law with him. But at this time, the mother-in-law's body was much worse than before.
They have not seen each other for 6 years since they said goodbye in 1934. 64-year-old Yang Zhende fell ill. Over the years, she had suffered a lot, her body was extremely weak, her fever continued, and she had diarrhea.
Deng Yingchao looked at her mother, tears raining down, but her mother calmly said: "Xiaochao, Enlai, I am going back to my hometown, don’t be sad."
A few days later, she left, leaving the last words Yes: "I am an unimportant person, don't run for me!"
Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao stood side by side and stood silently for a long time. They didn't say a word.
Yang Zhende had a rough life, but his perseverance and unyielding had a profound impact on Deng Yingchao.
After her death, Xinhua News Agency issued an obituary, highly affirming her life, Zhou Enlai also respected his mother-in-law.
In March 1947, the Kuomintang launched a key attack on northern Shaanxi and Shandong. Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi remained in northern Shaanxi to command the war of liberation in the northwest and the whole country.
This Mid-Autumn Festival, when Zhou Enlai was fighting in northern Shaanxi, Deng Yingchao was engaged in land reform at Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area . She and her secretary Chen Chuping lived in a fellow villager's home. At this time, she received a letter from Zhou Enlai. The secretary joked: "Big sister's love letter is coming!"
Deng Yingchao said wittily: "What kind of love letter is a situation report." If you don't believe me, look!"
Indeed, at any time, Zhou Enlai will always put revolutionary work first, so his letter can never be a love letter. Deng Yingchao has long been used to it.
However, the secretary still found the "vulnerabilities" in this letter. She pointed to "Today's Mid-Autumn Festival, cherish people to the moon"
Although there are few words, the feelings of missing are still on the paper, the way they express their feelings. It's so special.
In 1950, Deng Yingchao and Zhou Enlai had worked for the revolution for most of their lives, but they had never considered anything for themselves.
One day, Zhou Enlai's adopted daughter Sun Wei Shixing hurried to Zhou Enlai's residence, with a somewhat secretive look on her face. At noon, with her encouragement, the guards invited Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao out. Sun Weishi announced that he would hold a wedding anniversary ceremony for his parents. She put the two big red flowers on their coats, and then flocked to the yard to take pictures.
This is the anniversary of their 25 years of marriage. It happens to be a silver wedding and the only anniversary.
Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao both like children, but they never have a child of their own in their lives. Whenever Zhou Enlai met a child of the same age, he would think of their second child who was dystocia. It would be nice if he was by his side at that time.
Deng Yingchao would feel guilty at this time. It would be nice if she didn't kill her first child.
But no if, they sacrificed too much for the revolution. Although they did not have their own flesh and blood, they adopted many children, most of them descendants of the revolution.
Sun Weishi is the daughter of Zhou Enlai's old comrade-in-arms Sun Bingwen, and one of the many revolutionary descendants adopted by Zhou Enlai. In addition, they also adopted Li Shuoxun's son Li Peng, Cai Hesen's son Cai Bo, and Qian Zhuangfei's sons Qian Jiang and Qian Yiping.
In 1954, during Zhou Enlai's attendance at the Geneva Conference, Deng Yingchao was in China and she saw the Begonia flowers in the courtyard in full bloom.
Begonia flower is Zhou Enlai’s favorite flower. She pressed a branch and sent it to Zhou Enlai in a letter, and wrote in the letter: "One red leaf, I miss you."
Also Zhou Enlai expressed her longing. , Then the trustee brought back the suppressed peony flower of Geneva.
One flower and one leaf, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao’s love is reflected in this bit of care, and they dedicated their blood to the revolutionary cause.
Zhou Enlai worked day and night for the national economy and the people's livelihood, and his work has the characteristic that he finishes today and everything is done by himself, so he has to stay up late every day, and all night long is a commonplace meal. Zhou Enlai once said: "I can't sit, I will fall asleep as soon as I sit down."
When Zhou Enlai and the staff fight at midnight, Deng Yingchao always sends someone a few snacks or a small pot of plain noodle soup. , Give everyone a little more energy.
Due to the inconsistent rest time between the two, when Deng Yingchao was resting, Zhou Enlai always crept into the bedroom for fear of making noise. Sometimes when he is busy with work and cannot see Deng Yingchao, he will send a guard to tell him. After the founding of new China, Deng Yingchao has devoted himself to supporting and caring for Zhou Enlai in the more than 20 years of his time.
I still remember a text "Prime Minister Zhou's Pajamas" I learned in elementary school. Grandma Deng was stitching up the pajamas for Premier Zhou.
Zhou Enlai contracted cancer in 1972, and was not hospitalized until 1974. During Zhou Enlai's last year and a half, Deng Yingchao would visit the hospital every day, no matter what happened. If she had an operation, she would wait outside, whether in the early morning or late at night.
January 8, 1976, was a day of sadness and mourning for the whole country. Zhou Enlai, a great man of a generation, passed away.
Deng Yingchao's heart is breaking.
She met Zhou Enlai when she was 15 years old, and now she is 72 years old, and she has been in the same boat for 57 years, which is almost a lifetime.
She presented the purest white flowers and a wreath: "Comrades-in-arms-Xiaochao Ai".
They are both married couples and close comrades in arms, but they are more like a pair of revolutionary comrades. Because they have no selfishness in their entire lives, and they have not considered them personally. They have dedicated all their blood and every minute of their lives to the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people and the cause of building New China.
From acquaintance to farewell, they have been fighting, so what an appropriate title of comrade-in-arms.
would like to commemorate the great love between Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao and their selfless dedication.
