Typhoons were often called "hurricanes", "gales", and "storms" in ancient China. Our country is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, bordering the Pacific Ocean. The cyclonic circulation generated in the Pacific Ocean is called a typhoon. They often land on the eastern coastal areas of our country and bring about strong weather changes and even disasters. Therefore, China’s historical documents leave rich records of typhoons.
The Tang Dynasty document "Lingbiao Yilu" records that: "Southern Central has a lot of bad winds in summer and autumn, and they call it a "hurricane"." Here, "Southern Central" refers to the Lingnan area.
Tropical cyclone
On the third day of the seventh day of the fourth year of Kangxi Lunar Calendar, that is, August 13, 1665, a typhoon blew in the Jianghuai area of our country. This typhoon originated from the Yellow Sea. It landed directly in Jiangsu Province of our country. Therefore, it brought heavy rains and wind disasters to the Jianghuai area. On the coast of Dongtai County (now Dongtai City), Jiangsu Province, there was a tide of several meters high and a large number of houses were flooded. For three days and nights, the wind begins to cease, and the vegetation is salty and dying, and the disaster has not been seen in a century.”
In ancient China, people did not understand the true cause of a typhoon and could not predict the path of the typhoon. Therefore, the typhoon brought Disasters have always plagued people at the time. After the development of modern geography, people gradually realized the true cause of the typhoon.
Typhoon actually refers to a tropical cyclone. What is a tropical cyclone? Tropical cyclones refer to cyclonic circulations generated on the sea surface in tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, in essence, typhoons are cyclones.
Extratropical cyclone
Since there is a cyclone, there is an anticyclone. Essentially, a cyclone is a low air pressure, an anticyclone is a high air pressure, and a low air pressure means An air mass whose central pressure is lower than its surroundings. High pressure refers to a pressure whose central pressure is higher than its surroundings. The low and high pressures in the air currents on the earth are caused by differences in altitude and thermal properties, not everywhere. The temperature is the same. Simply put, where the temperature is high, the air pressure is low, and where the temperature is low, the air pressure is high, and the airflow always blows from high air pressure to low air pressure, so wind is formed.
In the Northern Hemisphere, when the air pressure in a certain place is lower than the surrounding air pressure, the wind blows from the surroundings to the center. Affected by the deflection force of the ground, a counterclockwise rotating air mass is formed. This is the low air pressure. It is a cyclone; when the air pressure in a certain place is higher than the surroundings, the wind blows from the center to the surroundings, and is affected by the deflection force of the earth to form a clockwise rotating air mass. This is the high air pressure, or anticyclone. In the southern hemisphere, the situation is the opposite. The cyclone in the southern hemisphere rotates clockwise and the anticyclone rotates counterclockwise.
The low pressure (cyclone) rotating clockwise in southern Australia
is actually a strong tropical cyclone. A tropical cyclone with a central wind speed of over 118 kilometers per hour is a typhoon.
The Earth’s atmosphere is a three-dimensional space, not a plane. When the wind blows from the surroundings to the center, the airflow in the center will accumulate, forming a high-pressure zone relative to the high altitude. In this way, Air currents are forced to rise from the ground to high altitudes. Updrafts often lead to rainy weather, which is why typhoons can bring rainfall.
The situation of high air pressure (anticyclone) is the opposite. The airflow blows from the center to the surroundings, making the air pressure at the center of the ground lower and lower, and the airflow in the vertical direction at high altitude will be forced to sink and sink airflow. It is not easy to cause precipitation, so when a cyclone occurs, sunny weather often appears.
An anticyclone in the southern hemisphere, that is, high atmospheric pressure, and there is not much water vapor in the center
In summer, typhoons (cyclones) will bring rainfall, and anticyclones will bring dry weather. The Yangtze River in China The summer dry weather in the basin is caused by the long-term control of the subtropical high, which is a subtropical anticyclone. In winter, anticyclones also bring cold currents, because anticyclones in winter generally come from high latitudes and bring cold air. Of course, in autumn and spring, areas controlled by anticyclones tend to have high autumn weather and cool wind.Sunny weather.
In a sense, the summer high temperature and dry weather in the Yangtze River Basin in my country is affected by the "anti-typhoon", that is, by the subtropical anticyclone. When a typhoon (tropical cyclone) breaks into an area controlled by a subtropical anticyclone, it will immediately bring rainfall, and the hot and dry weather will become cooler. Therefore, the typhoon is not useless, and wherever the typhoon reaches, Weather that often brings rainfall and cooling is conducive to alleviating the local high temperature and drought. Of course, if the rainfall is too much, there may be heavy rains and floods.
When a tropical cyclone is generated in the Pacific Ocean, why did it move to the East Asian continent? Because in the mid-latitudes of the earth, on the whole, westerly winds prevail, and there is a westerly belt, which is affected by the westerly wind, and the typhoon's path of movement, as a whole, is generally west to north. In summer, the eastern part of our country was originally affected by the subtropical anticyclone, presenting high temperature and arid weather. Suddenly, a tropical cyclone came from the Pacific Ocean, which would bring about cooling and rainfall.
The anticyclone in southern Australia, the central pressure is high, and the surrounding pressure is low
Why is the wind strong after the typhoon comes, and when it is controlled by the subtropical high (subtropical anticyclone), Does it feel like there is not much wind? On the earth, the area controlled by a cyclone is generally relatively small, the largest is only 2000 to 3000 kilometers, and the smallest is only 200 to 300 kilometers, while the area controlled by anticyclones is particularly large, and the largest can reach tens of thousands of kilometers. Therefore, although the anticyclone is also an air mass, the airflow always blows slowly from the center to the surroundings. When the air pressure in the center slowly decreases, the airflow at high altitude will slowly blow to the ground. Therefore, the anticyclone is not easy to cause storm.
Anticyclones on the earth, if they form a storm, they are usually blizzards. The blizzards formed in winter are brought about by the cold and high-pressure air masses in high latitudes. Anticyclones are cold and warm. Summer is subtropical. High pressure is a warm anticyclone. In winter, the anticyclone near Siberia and the Arctic Circle is a cold anticyclone. The area of this cold anticyclone is very large. When the airflow gathers to a certain extent, it will collapse. Like the sea tide that bursts a bank, it rushes to the northern and southern regions of our country. This is the cold wave in winter. Therefore, in essence, the cold wave in winter and the typhoon in summer are the same.
The area of the anticyclone is very large, the wind speed is often slow, and storms are not easy to form in summer. However, it is another scene on planets other than the Earth. Humans have observed very strong and strong winds on Jupiter and Neptune. Stable "anticyclone storm".
The Great Black Spot on Neptune
The strongest anticyclonic storm in the solar system is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. After mankind invented the astronomical telescope, they saw Jupiter’s moons and also I saw a great red spot on Jupiter. This great red spot is very similar to the "typhoon eye" on the earth. In fact, it is a "typhoon" and the largest "typhoon" known to mankind.
What is the area of Jupiter's Great Red Spot? It is 24,000 to 40,000 kilometers long from east to west, and 12,000 to 14,000 kilometers wide from north to south. The average diameter of the earth is about 12,000 kilometers, which means this big "typhoon" from Jupiter can pack the entire earth in.
Comparison of the size of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter and the Earth
The first person in the world to see the Great Red Spot on Jupiter was the British naturalist and inventor Robert Hook, he The Great Red Spot on Jupiter was first seen in 1664, but he might not have seen it clearly at that time because he thought Jupiter's Great Red Spot was in the northern equatorial region. In 1665, the French astronomer Cassini determined the location of the Great Red Spot for the first time. Cassini later discovered four satellites of Saturn. To commemorate Cassini, the Americans later named the spacecraft that explored Saturn as " Cassini".
Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has existed since it was discovered. In 1664 AD, that is, the third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, that is to say, this "typhoon" has been blowing from the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty to the present, at least 35 years ago.0 years.
How high is the wind speed of Jupiter's Great Red Spot? The wind speed at the edge is 430 kilometers per hour. Typhoons on the earth generally range from 118 kilometers to 239 kilometers per hour. If it exceeds 239 kilometers, it is a super typhoon. Wind speeds of more than 230 kilometers per hour tend to uproot the trees on the earth. , Blow down houses. If the wind speed reaches 430 kilometers, it is unimaginable. If you put the earth into Jupiter's Great Red Spot, all man-made objects on the earth's ground will be destroyed.
Jupiter and the Great Red Spot
The wind speed at the edge of Jupiter's Great Red Spot is very high, but the wind speed at the center is relatively low. The closer to the center, the airflow becomes more and more stable. There is only a small amount of air flowing in the center of the Great Red Spot, so it is safer to stay in the center of Jupiter's Great Red Spot. In fact, typhoons on the earth are the same. Standing at the eye of a typhoon, you will feel very calm. The diameter of the eye of a typhoon is generally 30 to 65 kilometers. This area looks very large, but don’t think it’s a typhoon. At that time, standing in the eye of a typhoon is safe, because although the center of the typhoon is relatively calm, the eye wall of the typhoon is next to the eye of the typhoon. This is a wind wall, a strong thunderstorm area, and the entire typhoon system. In places with the worst weather conditions, as far as human technology is concerned, the first is that you cannot enter the core area of a typhoon. Once you enter the core area, you cannot walk through this wind wall. However, things must be reversed. The wall is quiet when it reaches the eye of the typhoon, but we humans still can't stand the eye of the typhoon, because the typhoon is constantly moving, and the area of the typhoon eye changes.
