卷首语
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “History is the best textbook and the best sober agent.” Party history, New China history, history of reform and opening up, The history of socialist development is the history of the struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in the country for revolution, construction and reform, and the history of the Chinese nation's revival from standing up, getting rich, and getting stronger.
The "Four History" is the precious spiritual wealth of the Communist Party of China, and it is the endogenous driving force for the Chinese Communists to enhance their confidence and integrity and enhance the party spirit. Only by studying the "four histories" and adhering to ideological building of the party and theories to strengthen the party can we know the path and direction, not forget our original aspirations, keep pace with the times, and continue to advance the various undertakings of the party and the country.
We opened the "Four History Memory" column to relive the magnificent historical years...
The Japanese army lost the battle at Yansu Cliff
1939 10 In May, the Japanese army swept the Eighth Route Army Jinchaji base area. On October 30, Jinchaji Military Region 1st Division Commander and Political Commissar Yang Chengwu received information: Japanese Army Tsuji Village Xianji Dazuo led more than 1,000 Japanese puppet troops, starting from Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, preparing to sweep the 1st Division resident .
From the left, Shu Tong, Nie Rongzhen, Yang Chengwu, Nie Heting
Yang Chengwu quickly formulated a combat plan, which was supported by Commander Nie Rongzhen of the Jinchaji Military Region and the commander of the 120th Division He Long. Yang Chengwu deployed overnight and concentrated the three main regiments to set up an ambush in the Yansuya area located in the southeast of Laiyuan County. The enemy entered the ambush circle. After fierce fighting, more than 600 Japanese and puppet troops were wiped out. Because Osa Tsujimura was defeated at Yansu Cliff, his boss, also known as the Japanese "mountain warfare expert" and brigade commander, Lieutenant General Norihide Abe, decided to retaliate against the Eighth Route Army. His troops were stationed in Zhangjiakou’s independent mixed group. 2 brigade.
Noisiu Abe decided to take revenge on the Eighth Route Army in person, and there are other reasons. On October 25, 1939, Norihide Abe received an order to go to the Emperor to serve as a military attaché. Working by the emperor's side was originally what Norihide Abe dreamed of, but his biggest shortcoming was his lack of military merit on the battlefield. His "expert" title stems mainly from academic achievements, and he knows what he is in the eyes of his colleagues. On October 2, when he was promoted to lieutenant general, the Japanese under his command lost more than 500 men. Because of this, he eagerly hopes to find and wipe out the main force of the Eighth Route Army before leaving the battlefield in China to establish military merit.
The Eighth Route Army opened its net in Huangtuling to wait.
Laiyuan was the first county where the Eighth Route Army entered the enemy’s rear. There are strong party organizations, the masses are in high spirits against Japan, and there is a hidden intelligence network. Eighth Route Army intelligence agent Ji Cheng provided accurate information. In addition, the Eighth Route Army has a relatively thorough understanding of Japanese combat habits. The Eighth Route Army’s "One Division Detailed Report" reported to its superiors: "Past combat experience tells us that every time the enemy fails in a battle, he must have a bigger action." Taking all aspects into account, Yang Chengwu decided: Battle in Yansuya After the victory, troops were immediately deployed in the Huangtuling area to rely on favorable terrain and open their nets to wait.
As expected, on the morning of November 4th, Norihide Abe personally led more than 1,500 Japanese soldiers, divided into more than 90 trucks, and rushed towards Yansuya in an attempt to wipe out our first place. The main force of the partition. Yang Chengwu ordered the Eighth Route Army to lure enemy experts "wolf lure son" Zeng Yongya with a small group of troops to repeatedly mobilize, anger the Japanese army, lure the enemy eastward, to the Huangtuling ambush circle. On November 6, the Eighth Route Army surrounded more than 1,500 Japanese soldiers with its superior strength in 6 regiments and 1 artillery battalion.
At 3 o'clock in the afternoon on November 7, the Japanese troops all entered the canyon path of the Loess Ridge. The Eighth Route Army ambushing troops suddenly broke out and compressed the Japanese troops in a valley about 1.5 kilometers long and about 100 meters wide. More than 100 machine guns of the Eighth Route Army fired at the valley from various hills, and only a few mortars aimed at the Japanese army.
The battle is onAt 4 pm, Chen Zhengxiang, head of Division 1, Division 1, discovered through a telescope that there was an independent courtyard on the opposite mountain bag. In the courtyard there was a group of Japanese military officers wearing yellow woolen coats and sabers. Chen Zhengxiang immediately ordered the artillery company to go up the mountain quickly. The artillery company commander Yang Jiucheng visually judged: "The straight-line distance is 800 meters, within the effective range, guarantee to hit!" 18-year-old artillery company soldier Li Erxi was ordered to fire 4 shots in a row, Abe Gui Xiu was injured in the abdomen and legs and was killed about 5 hours later. This was the only 4 shells at the time. The August 2 mortar that fired artillery shells at that time became a cultural relic and was collected in the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution.
The Japanese army lost its commander and fell into a panic. After several hours of fierce fighting, most of them were wiped out, and the remaining hundreds of people still resisted. As night fell, the attacking units of our army were inconvenient to communicate and had difficulties in coordination; and the Japanese army had better firepower than our army, and the attack suffered losses. Therefore, our army focused on consolidating the position, preventing the enemy from fleeing, and attacking the tired enemy with small units. That night, the Japanese broke through more than 10 times in a row, all of which were repelled.
After dawn on the 8th, the besieged Japanese army broke through under the cover of 5 aircraft. At the same time, the enemy's 110th Division in Baoding, the 26th Division in Datong, and the rest of the 2nd Brigade in Zhangjiakou quickly reinforced Huangtuling from all directions in an attempt to form a larger encirclement of our army. The battle situation has changed and the plane to wipe out the enemy has been lost. To avoid losses, Nie Rongzhen immediately instructed the troops to withdraw from the battle.
In the Battle of Huangtuling, the Eighth Route Army wiped out more than 900 Japanese soldiers at the cost of 540 casualties. ; more than 200 mule carriages full of military materials were seized; "Weapon seized: steel There were 4 guns, 1 wild artillery, 79 rifles, 500 rounds of light ammunition, 5500 rounds of heavy ammunition, 15460 rounds of 65 ammunition..." At that time, the Eighth Route Army only knew that a few Japanese officers had been killed. According to the prisoner: "You killed the two high officials of the devils, the devils were crying very hard." Later, Tokyo's "Asahi Shimbun" released the news, and I just confirmed that Abe Kisiu was shot dead.
The Battle of Huangtuling defeated the arrogance of the Japanese army
In these two battles, the Eighth Route Army took the initiative to attack and set up two ambushes, effectively defeating the Japanese attack. , Laid the foundation for the victory of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei region against "mopping up". At that time, due to the continual victory of the Japanese army on the front battlefield, the Kuomintang army was filled with a mood of defeat, and this battle greatly inspired the Chinese soldiers and civilians to conviction in defeating powerful enemies.
"Wolf Lure" Zeng Yongya (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
Especially, this battle dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Japanese army. Being too arrogant and arrogant is an important reason for Abe's death. Because of his arrogance, Kisoo Abe made three consecutive mistakes: (1) He lost his cool judgment as an arrogant self-ambassador. On November 3, 1939, Kihide Abe wrote to his son: "Dad will go to fight in the south from today! ... Shina has gradually weakened, and if you try harder, you will surrender." Three days later, he uttered a wild word. , He entered the ambush circle of the Eighth Route Army. (2) The arrogant self-ambassador chose the wrong direction to break through. On November 7, Kisoo Abe began to break through. The nearest to him was the Japanese 110th Division, but he did not choose this direction to break through, because he had never been at peace with the 110th Division Lieutenant General Sangmu Chongming; he chose another direction, distanced himself from the 110th Division, and gave The Eighth Route Army eliminated his chance. Before he died, he had three hours of sober time. He left a will and asked his superiors to severely punish Sangmu for his passive sabotage. (3) Li Erxi’s first shell fell outside the courtyard. Kihide Abe understood that the command post had been exposed. He was still sitting at the entrance of the hall. Perhaps he thought the Eighth Route Army’s artillery could not kill him. The biggest flaw of the mortar was its inaccuracy. , There is no aiming instrument, it's all on the "feel". The last shell of Li Erxi landed four or five meters in front of him, and the damage radius of the 82nd mortar shell was ten meters. He is too arrogant, three mistakes, avoid any one of them, he may not die; three mistakes made at the same time, doomed.
Actually, arrogance was the general mentality of the Japanese army at the time-the Japanese army won successively in the early stage of the war of aggression against China, and it generally breededThis mentality. Kixiu Abe was shot dead, and the Japanese government and opposition shook, which caused a change in the Japanese army. The Japanese "Asahi Shimbun" wrote an article: "The death of a lieutenant-level commander has never happened since the establishment of the imperial army." "The flower of a famous general withered on the Taihang Mountain."
(Originally published in The Paper on July 27, 2020, the author is an associate professor at the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China)
Source: Xueqiangguo
Editor: Xu Meng
Review: 韩震
