The common "Jade Seal" in the feudal dynasty was indeed only one at the beginning, that is, the jade seal carved with "Heshibi" after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries. It has been used throughout the ages, and sometimes it has been added. .
But this thing is really ill-fated. It has been lost many times, and many fakes have appeared. Finally, it was not until the Ming Dynasty that the emperor completely let go of his obsession with it.
The legendary experience of He's Bi and Chuanguo Yuxi
Speaking of the predecessor of "Chuanguo Yuxi", it is the famous He's Bi.
Regarding this piece of Hechobi, many people have heard of two things about it:
One piece is that the two kings of Chu did not know the goods, and cut off Bian He who kindly offered jade. After taking both feet, I finally realized that this is a rare piece of beautiful jade, so it was named "He's Bi";
The other is the story of Lin Xiangru's "Return to Zhao after Bibi".
But there is a difference of more than 400 years between the two. In these years, He's Bi has disappeared once.
During the reign of King Chuwei, this Heshibi was just a good jade, and there was nothing too special about it, so it was rewarded to Xiangguo Zhaoyang.
But Zhaoyang didn't take good care of it, and He's Bi disappeared once.
Zhaoyang suspected that it was Zhang Yi, the doorman, so he beat him and kicked out of the house. Zhang Yi estimated that he was wronged too. In the end, He Shibi was not found. Zhang Yi also came to Qin in angrily and became Qin's state.
And He's Bi inexplicably appeared in the country of Zhao decades later, so there is the story of "Return to Zhao".
Although King Qin Zhaoxiang failed to capture He's Bi from Lin Xiangru, after King Qin swept Liuhe, He's Bi still came to Qin.
Qin Shihuang faced this piece of He's Bi, which once shamed Qin, and carved it into a seal. Because it was used by the emperor, it was called a "xi" as a token of imperial power.
Eight words are engraved on this jade seal:
"Is entrusted to heaven, and I live forever."
It is said that these eight words are from the hand of Qin Xiangguo Li Si, a master of calligraphy .
Regarding this jade seal, some people in modern times suspect that its true size is not large, but a very small seal. But this is actually a guess, not reliable. He's famous, there must be something special, so it is not impossible to carve a big seal.
These are all guesses and cannot be verified, because this piece of jade seal inherits the tradition of He's Bi and is often missing.
After this jade seal was carved, the short-lived Qin Dynasty did not use it for too long. Ziying surrendered and dedicated it to the Han Dynasty.
This jade seal was used in the Han Dynasty until the end of the Western Han Dynasty, without any problems. In the past 200 years, people have generally accepted that this jade seal carved by He's Bi represents the imperial power.
It became a token of imperial power.
Therefore, when Wang Mang usurped power, he sent someone to ask for this token symbolizing imperial power from Emperor Xiaoyuan, but the queen swears at it and uses this jade seal to smash the imperial court thief .
According to records, this jade seal broke a horn in the process, and Wang Mang used gold to fill it up after obtaining it. This is the so-called "金饰玉".
Wang Mang's regime quickly failed, and the group of heroes was divided, and this jade seal was also strayed. It was passed between Yuanbin, Li Song, Liu Xuan, and the Red Eye Army, and finally returned to the hands of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. This time it has been used until the end of Han Dynasty.
Until Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, a fire destroyed the capital LuoyangIn the city, this jade seal disappeared temporarily.
It is rumored that Sun Jian was found on a palace lady who fell into the well.
Because of this jade seal, Sun Jian's forces were sniped openly and secretly, and eventually fell into the hands of Yuan Shu, and he became emperor with it.
The jade seal in Yuan Shao's hand is a fake. He sealed it privately and wanted to establish another court, but he didn't expect the real jade seal to be in the hands of his brother.
After Yuan Shu was destroyed, this jade seal returned to Emperor Xian of Han.
Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, this jade seal carved with He's Bi was used from beginning to end.
The next step is Cao Pi's way of renunciation, replacing the Han Dynasty with the Wei Kingdom, inheriting this Jade Seal of the State, and engraving eight more characters on it:
" The Great Wei Dynasty was passed on by the Han Dynasty "
The Sima family usurped the Wei Kingdom and established the Western Jin Dynasty. This jade seal naturally came to the Sima family.
Later, the "Yongjia Nandu" incident occurred. Most families of the Jin Dynasty fled to the south and eventually split into the Southern Dynasty.
This jade seal was inherited between Song Qi, Liang and Chen.
After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, this jade seal was also obtained, but due to its short-lived death, this jade seal once again disappeared from the field of view of history. It is said that Queen Xiao and Prince Yuande took it with him. Mei Yuxi fled to Mobei.
Therefore, the Tang Dynasty became the first unified dynasty without a jade seal in hand when the country was founded.
What should I do? Tang Taizong engraved a few fakes to replace it. Anyway, it was just a seal, whether it was true or false, or whether it had any influence on the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. Later, with the return of Xiaohou and others, this jade seal appeared again in the Central Plains.
Until the Later Tang Dynasty, there was a problem with the authenticity of the jade seal circulating.
Because Li Congke, the late emperor of the late Tang Dynasty, carried this jade seal when he set himself on fire, so that its whereabouts were unknown. After the melee of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, no one had the energy to find this jade seal.
It came out again in the Song Dynasty. It is said that a farmer discovered the Chuanguo Yuxi and dedicated it to the court. But this kind of story sounds like a fake, similar to the drama directed and acted by the court, but it is something that cannot be verified or falsified. It can only be determined that this jade seal may have a problem.
But what is certain is that with the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, this jade seal disappeared. Some people say that they were taken into captivity to the north, while others said that the Song Dynasty never got this jade seal.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the rumor that the Chuanguo Yuxi was discovered in the market was unbelievable than the Song Dynasty. However, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty and went deep into Mobei. He did not bring back any jade seals, and disappeared again.
The last news of this jade seal carved by Heshibi was in the Ming Dynasty, and the folks said that the jade seal of the country had appeared again.
As a result, Emperor Xiaozong learned the lessons of the previous dynasty and directly determined that this jade seal was fake, and the government no longer paid attention to the whereabouts of the jade seal.
What should I do if there is no country’s jade seal? Gradually from a concrete thing to a symbolic
Tang Dynasty, as the first unified dynasty that did not use the Hebi Jade Seal, had a dual influence.
is the first one to gradually blur some inherent physical symbols.
There are many things with special meanings in Chinese culture, such as "ding", "sword", "crown", "mirror", "xi", etc., in the early days. Real objects generally symbolize power.
but then gradually becameA virtual finger does not necessarily need an exact physical object.
For example, "Jiu Ding" is still very important in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, but in the later generations of the unified dynasty, I have not seen any dynasty that worshipped the Jiuding so solemnly.
This trend can also be confirmed by some cultures introduced into China.
For example, after Buddhism was introduced to the Central Plains, it needed to integrate with the local culture in order to gain a foothold. "Zen Buddhism" was also born from this. It is Chinese thinking that you can become a Buddha without relying on practice and emphasize "insight". The product under the influence. Many nouns in Buddhism, such as "Bodhi", "Relic", "Buddha", "Pagoda" and so on, are constantly being blurred.
And countries like Japan that have received the influence of Chinese civilization, their early development is similar to that of China, and it represents the "sword", "print", "mirror" and other things inherited by the royal family, which were in line with the "Jade Seal of the Kingdom" at that time "Almost, it gradually faded later.
The second is that the Tang Dynasty set a good start for other dynasties.
What if there is no "Jade Seal"? Carve it yourself. So there are more "Jade Seals" in later dynasties.
Thirty-nine squares of "season seals" of various colors were hidden in the palace in the early Qing Dynasty, and now there are 25 squares of jade seals of the Qing emperor in the Forbidden City.
Therefore, the jade seals we can see later are all kinds. There is a "print ribbon" passed down by the emperors of the dynasties, and there is also a "jade seal" that represents his identity by the emperor himself.
Now in Beijing’s "Prince Gong’s Mansion" Wanfu Garden, inside the rockery where the Emperor Kangxi wrote "Fu" is hidden. The seal engraved on the rubbing stone tablet is the jade seal of Emperor Kangxi at that time.
And no one knows what the real Heshibi Yuxi looks like, whether it is big or small, and what the seal looks like. These are all very confidential matters, so naturally there will be no details. Record.
Therefore, the jade seal carved by He's Bi has been lost in the true sense. Even if you now get a seal that meets the description, it is impossible to distinguish its authenticity.
Before the jade seal was lost, people still knew the true and false, but since the Tang Dynasty, the dynasties are actually similar to the present, and they don’t know what the real jade seal looks like.
Therefore, even in the dynasty that claimed to have this jade seal, more than one "Jade Seal" was actually used or even passed on.
