text/Huang Yao
The second contest: Qingshuping battle
In early 1949, Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and announced his "retirement". Li Zongren acting president, agreed to hold peace talks and send a delegation according to the eight conditions proposed by the Communist Party of China. At the same time, Bai Chongxi, , , sent another representative Liu Zhongrong to , Peking , preparing to propose to hold peace talks to the CCP and rule through the river. Mao Zedong met Liu twice and made it clear to Liu that he could not agree with Bai Huajiang's proposal to rule, and that the People's Liberation Army must cross the river. Mao Zedong also said that Bai Chongxi liked to lead troops. In the future, peace talks were successful and the establishment of the Central People's Government and the National Defense Forces could be asked to continue leading troops and command 300,000 troops. After Liu Zhongrong returned to convey Mao Zedong's words to Bai Chongxi, Bai Chongxi expressed deep dissatisfaction with the People's Liberation Army's must cross the river, and the negotiations broke down.
On April 28, Mao Zedong called Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Bocheng and others: "The peace talks broke down, and the Guangxi clique has never expressed his compromise with us in specific actions, and now we have no need to compromise with the Guangxi clique. Therefore, our basic policy is to eliminate the Guangxi clique and any other reactionaries." Since then, the battle with Bai Chongxi has become Lin Biao's main task.
On April 27, the Fourth Field Advance Corps liberated Hubei Xiaogan and Huangpi , and headed straight to Wuhan. Bai Chongxi quickly retreated his main force to south of the Yangtze River .
On June 18, Lin Biao, Deng Zihui, and Xiao Ke led the Fourth Field to lead the authorities to Wuhan, and then launched the Yisha Battle and the Hunan-Jiangxi Battle in early July. During the Yisha Battle, the 13th Corps and other units conquered Shashi, Yichang, Yichang, and crossed the Yangtze River, annihilated 15,000 people from Song Xilian, , and opened the door to enter Xiangxi south. During the Hunan-Jiangxi Battle, Lin Biao gathered 10 troops of three corpses, about 430,000 troops, to prepare to annihilate Bai Chongxi's main 3rd Corps and other units. Bai Chongxi's main force was about to escape. Although the People's Liberation Army liberated , including , Jinggangshan , and 22 counties in western Ganxi and eastern Hunan, it only eliminated 4,600 enemy troops. Bai Chongxi's strength is still there.
On July 16, Mao Zedong called Lin Biao and others and proposed: "The White Bandits have little capital and are very clever. They will never fight with me unless they have to." To deal with him, they should "take the long-distance encirclement method" and "make the White Bandits completely passive; no matter whether they are willing to fight with us, whether they are close or long-distance. In short, it is passive, but I am completely active, and finally forcing it to fight with us in Guangxi."
It was already the weather at this time. Although Lin Biao, Xiao Ke and other cadres who passed the Long March were born in the south, most cadres and soldiers below the division, as well as mules and horses brought from the northeast, could not adapt to the hot and humid climate in the south, and the disease breeds and the incidence rate remained high. Obviously, this state cannot adapt to the war, so the troops moved to rest and carried out a strong movement to fight again in the autumn.
On August 4, Cheng Qian and Chen Mingren issued a telephone call in Changsha to revolt. On the 7th, under the instigation of Bai Chongxi, about 40,000 Kuomintang troops rebelled and fled south. On the 8th, Lin Biao ordered the 40th, 46th and 49th armies of the 12th Corps and the 18th Army of the Fifth Corps of the Second Field, which was temporarily under the command of the Fourth Field Army, to pursue the pursuit. During the pursuit, Lin Biao and Bai Chongxi had a second battle: the battle of Qingshuping.
Qingshuping battle took place during the pursuit of the 49th Army. Zhong Wei, the commander of the 49th Army, was from Pingjiang, Hunan. He participated in Red Army in 1930. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he followed the New Fourth Army Third Division and marched into the Northeast. He is a brave general. After entering the pass, Zhong Wei led his troops to cut the pass and seize the pass, and his momentum was unstoppable. After participating in the Battle of Yisha, he crossed the Yangtze River in Shashi, harvested Yiyang , and defeated Lixian . On August 9, Lin Biao, Deng Zihui and others called each department and reported Military Commission , and specifically pointed out: "My 49th Army must advance south with all its strength. The 146th Division should immediately advance towards Ningxiang , and the 147th Division should advance directly towards Baoqing (now Shaoyang ). When discovering the rebel army, he would first complete the detour, cut off its retreat, and then carry out struggle. If the rebel army continues to escape, chase and annihilate it."
So, the 146th Division advanced rapidly towards Ningxiang, and its vanguard 436th Regiment began to attack the city without waiting for the main force to arrive. Under the cover of fierce artillery fire, the 5th Company of the Second Battalion of the Sharp Knife Company broke through from the north of the city and went straight to the county government and the Kuomintang army command. Except for a few enemies who escaped from the south gate, all the remaining 4,100 people were wiped out. After conquering Ningxiang, the 146th Division did not stop for a moment, and immediately followed the 145th Division along the highway from Xiangxiang to Baoqing to launch a pursuit of the rebels. On the 14th, they conquered Yongfeng and annihilated a company of defending the enemy. At this time, Bai Chongxi had transferred his most elite Seventh Army to Qingshuping to In the Jieling area, an attempt was made to eliminate a part of the People's Liberation Army to block the People's Liberation Army's attack. Lin Biao learned about it and called the 49th Army, asking them to "find the situation and not advance blindly."
htmlOn the 215th, the 146th Division advanced to Jieling along the Xiangbao Highway in the order of the 437th Regiment, the division's direct team, and the 436th Regiment, and arrived at Shanjiajing and encountered the enemy's attack. After expelling it, he continued to advance to Qingshuping. The division headquarters convened a meeting of cadres from the two regiments to study the enemy's situation and the next action. There was disagreement at the meeting. Some believed that the situation should be determined and then advanced; some believed that the enemy was retreating and should continue to advance. Finally, he decided to continue to advance. That night, the first battalion of the vanguard regiment advanced to Jieling. Because of the lightness, The enemy was paralyzed and did not send a search team to the mountains on both sides. When most of the battalions passed, the enemy opened fire from the mountains on both sides. The battalion immediately organized a counterattack. After 10 minutes of fierce fighting, more than 50 people below the enemy's company commander were captured, and the remaining enemy retreated. The battalion occupied Jieling and the surrounding mountains. That night, the enemy's large forces began to attack. The battalion withdrew from Jieling and built fortifications with the follow-up division's main force to fight. The roof was leaking and raining, and at this critical moment, the radio station was broken. Zhong Wei, who was in Anhua Military Headquarters, could not get news from the 146th Division, and was anxious and ordered the 147th Division to go to meet.
html On the 216th, the 147th Division also arrived Qingshuping area. On the 17th, three enemy divisions surrounded the shape of clamps. There were tanks and cannons on the ground, and there were planes in the sky. At this time, the retreat could only be bombed or bombed. The 146th Division built fortifications on the spot to fight. Under the rotation of the superior enemy's attacks, they fought to the death and persisted until dark. Only with the response of the 147th Division, cross-covered and withdrawn from the battle. The 146th Division fought fiercely for 48 hours in this battle, killing, wounding and capturing 553 enemies, but they lost 877 people. The 147th Division also lost more than 470 people. This was a defeated battle.
During the Hengbao Battle, a certain unit of the Northeast Field Army liberated Baoqing (now Shaoyang), continue to advance
After the battle ended, Wang Kuiyuan, the commander of the 146th Division, Li Zaishan, and Zhao Yongfu, the chief of staff, wrote a review of the failure of the battle: "First of all, the division leaders underestimated the enemy, knew that there was an Gui Army, and the terrain was not familiar with the situation, and they advanced at night. After being ambushed by the enemy, he thought the enemy was going to retreat, but did not move quickly..." "The lower level also underestimated the enemy. When advancing to the Border Ridge on the 15th, the Forward Battalion did not look for a guide, nor did he search closely, and heavy machine gun did not carry the pack..." "The troops were not good at mountain combat, were not calm, and consumed ammunition too early. When the enemy approached, there was no ammunition to be fired, and at the same time they carried too little ammunition. "The two regiments were spread out on both sides of the road, and they all started and had no formation. This was a major mistake. "Hong Wei assumed leadership responsibility for the defeat of the Qingshuping battle.
Qingshuping battle was undoubtedly a shot in a strong arm for the Kuomintang army that was collapsing. The Kuomintang media boasted about the "Qingshuping victory", saying that it was the elimination of one of Lin Biao's army, which was "the greatest victory achieved by the National Army since the battle between Xu and Beng in " and "breaked Lin Biao's invincible argument." Some The newspaper also spread rumors that one of Lin Biao's arm was blown up in the battle. At the "Victory Conference" held in Hengyang , Bai Chongxi took the People's Liberation Army weapons picked up from the battlefield for exhibition, in an attempt to win US aid and boost morale. The battle of
Qingshuping made Mao Zedong very angry. On September 9, he called Bai Chongxi "the first cunning and insidious warlord in China" in a telegram to Lin Biao and Deng Zihui. This battle changed the mentality of both sides.From the perspective of the CCP, this battle has wiped out the paralysis of underestimating the enemy in the army. From the Kuomintang’s perspective, they viewed this battle as a turning point. Bai Chongxi was also inspired, believing that he could fight against the People's Liberation Army. The change in mentality between the two sides has already predicted the outcome of the next battle.
The third battle: Hengbao Battle
Lin Biao crossed the Corps and the Army to directly command the 135th Division.
On September 10, the fourth field units ended their rest and recuperation, and in the middle of the deployment, the troops were divided into three groups to launch a strong offensive against the Kuomintang army in the Central and Southern regions. The Eastern Route Army was directed from Jiangxi to Guangdong, and the Western Route Army advanced from southwest Hunan, cutting off the road from Bai Chongxi to Guizhou. On October 2, the Central Army divided into three routes to attack Bai Chongxi's troops in Heng (Yang) Bao (Qing) area: the 41st Army went west of Yongfeng to north of Baoqing, the 45th Army went east of Yongfeng to Jiangshijie area, and the 40th Army attacked Xinqiao and Baiguo areas east of Jiangshijie. On that day, the advance detachment of the 135th Division of the 45th Army had rushed to the ground between Yongfeng and Qingshuping, capturing 200 enemy troops and seizing 5 cars. This is exactly where the Forty-ninth Army was ambushed by Bai Chongxi 50 days ago. The main force of the division did not stop and advanced more than 40 kilometers in one breath. On October 4, he broke through Hengbao Highway from Shuidong River and continued to move south.
Bai Chongxi was originally planning to withdraw from Guangxi. However, he stared at the 135th Division, which was alone and deeply invaded. He quickly mobilized 13 divisions from the Seventh Army, the Forty-Sixth Army, the Ninety-Seventh Army and other units, and prepared to come to Qingshuping, grab one, and then retreat. After Lin Biao learned about it, he called each department on October 5: "The current enemy's attempt is not to retreat, but to fight with me." "In this case, our army should gather troops to make full preparations and then stand by to attack." "Our army that has broken through Hengbao Highway should gather in the areas south of Shuidongjiang and Songjiatang. Those who are north of the highway should not advance south for the time being."
, who was always cautious in using troops, overestimated Bai Chongxi at this time. If all troops continue to advance as planned, Bai Chongxi's troops may be quickly encircled and annihilated.
Fortunately, the 135th Division did not receive this order. They marched for 80 kilometers in a row, broke through Hengbao Highway, and arrived at the Lingguan Palace area at 14:00 on the 5th. At this time, they set up a radio station and found out that the neighboring troops were all staying north of Hengbao Highway and they were already lonely behind the enemy.
Lin Biao immediately paid great attention to this division. The situation at this time is completely different from 50 days ago. 50 days ago, the troops were resting and the large-scale operation was not ready, and the 146th Division became a real lonely army and suffered a loss. Now, after the troops are strong and powerful, they are preparing to take action against the Bai Chongxi group, and the 135th Division has become a wedge deep behind the enemy. So, Lin Biao went over the Corps and the Army to directly send a telegram to Ding Sheng, the commander of the 135th Division, and Wei Zuzhen, political commissar: "You are temporarily under our direct command. Please inform the radio station, pay special attention to contacting us." Lin Biao also stipulated that the radio stations of the division and regiments should not leave people and be on call. The Corps and Army can only listen to the radio station of the 135th Division and are not allowed to command it.
At the same time, Lin Biao ordered the troops on the front line of the Central Army to advance quickly, and ordered the 38th and 39th armies of the Western Army to advance eastward, and formed a pincer attack with the Central Army to Bai Chongxi's army. Lin Biao's decision did not violate Mao Zedong's decision on long-distance siege. Because this decision does not exclude tactical roundabout encirclement that conforms to the actual situation of the battlefield. Therefore, Mao Zedong called Lin Biao to agree to the deployment of Lin Biao's decision to use five armies to fight in order to annihilate Bai Chongxi's troops.
On October 6, Lin Biao and others called Ding Sheng and Wei Zuzhen: "I hope that you will delay the enemy in the direction of the Dongjiang River with a few troops. The main force will advance towards the Xianggui Road. We must resolutely and quickly destroy the Xianggui Road regardless of hardships and dangers, so that we can destroy dozens of miles and blow up the bridges, so that the enemy cannot make up our minds to retreat south. As long as the enemy does not retreat, we can completely annihilate the Gui army and end the war early."
Lin Biao's plan is very wonderful. If you blow up a section of Hunan-Guangxi Railway, Bai Chongxi and his command center in Hengyang will not be able to return to Guangxi. However, the 135th Division could not reach the Hunan-Guangxi Railway for a while.Because Bai Chongxi also targeted this division and surrounded the four main divisions, and launched continuous attacks on the 135th Division, which was attacked by the 135th Division, which was attacked by the archery field, Guandi Temple, , Lingguan Hall, and Hegong Hall. The 135th Division guarded the mountain positions in various places above and launched fierce battles with the enemy. The 135th Division went deep behind the enemy to fight the Bai Chongxi Group, winning valuable time for the large army to siege the Bai Chongxi Group.
When the 135th Division found that the enemy in front of them was the Seventh Army, they immediately reported it to the headquarters. Lin Biao and others immediately replied: "Your division has been surrounded by four enemy divisions. You immediately occupy the favorable terrain, build fortifications, install nails, carry out circular defense, cheer up morale, make up your mind to fight against the siege of the absolutely superior enemy, and attract the enemy so that our main forces can encircle and annihilate the enemy."
Lin Biao and others called the 12th Corps and the leaders of each army: "The enemy of Guizhou is very fast. Therefore, our troops also need to be able to deal with it in time. The Oshishi can understand the secret militarily in a timely manner. Therefore, in the current period, our operations of the 40, 41, 45, 46, 49, and 18 will be temporarily directed by us. Therefore, each unit, especially the vanguard division, should maintain radio contact with us and report the enemy situation and location at any time, so that according to the secret militarily, we can mobilize and cooperate with the actions."
, which was regarded as a piece of meat by Bai Chongxi, became a hard nail.
Bai Chongxi originally planned to eat the 135th Division, but when he found that the People's Liberation Army had been pressing over, he immediately decided to retreat. On the 7th, he called the Chief of Staff of the Seventh Army Deng Dazhi and said, "The Chief Office and the Third Corps decided to withdraw from Hengyang tonight tonight and return to Guangxi. The Seventh Army is the rear guard and covers the retreat of the Chief Office and the Third Corps. The Seventh Army can only withdraw until 9 o'clock tomorrow. This task is very arduous. No matter what sacrifices occur during retreat, do not stay. Even if some of the guards cannot retreat, it is fine."
The Seventh Army was the lifeblood of Bai Chongxi, who had not used it easily before. But now he used it to cut off the rear and was about to throw it off like a gecko's tail. This shows that this time he wasted time because he wanted to eat the 135th Division, and it was already very difficult to withdraw.
htmlOn the morning of the 27th, Lin Biao learned that Bai Chongxi's group was preparing to retreat across the board, and immediately ordered the 40, 41, 45 and 49th armies of the Central Army to pursue; the 38th and 39th armies of the Western Army to block the Bai Group's return; the 46th and 18th armies of the Eastern Army to advance south, and ordered the 135th armies of the Bai Chongxi Group to intercept the 7th armies and 48th armies of the retreating south, and cooperated with the main force to annihilate the unit.
At this moment, the 135th Division, which was once regarded as a piece of meat by Bai Chongxi, has become a hard nail. In order to break through, the Seventh Army rushed left and right towards the 135th Division's position like crazy. The 135th Division fought bravely, tangled with the enemy for two days and nights, and finally won time for the main force to siege the enemy. At 8:00 on the 29th, Lin Biao asked the 135th Division to "try to block the enemy's retreat southward path in Shizhuqiao and Tongluoping, and cooperate with our other armies to annihilate the enemy." Regarding the battle these days, Ding Sheng recalled: "The two battalions of the 403rd Regiment, two regiments I led, fought the 176th Division and the 172nd Division at Shizhu Bridge. In fact, the 172nd Division followed us, so we fought so many troops at that time. It was not easy for it to retreat quickly. We became a candy and stuck to it. Bai Chongxi wanted to walk around, but he couldn't fight, and he couldn't attack us. I was guarding a place... You Bai Chongxi couldn't fight. His deployment was messed up. Walking east, it didn't work; walking west, it didn't work. Touching here, touching there, and touching our troops everywhere The team fought with him. ...In this way, we stuck to the enemy for 6 days. On the 10th, we annihilated it at the Loess Shop." "
htmlOn the 29th, Lin Biao and others called the heads of each corps and army: "In the pursuit mobile war, the Field Department can only stipulate the direction of the actions of each department according to the secret information, but each corps and army must strengthen the specific command of each division with a clever and arbitrary spirit. We cannot wait for our instructions in everything, so as not to miss the opportunity." "
Following this instruction, each unit carried forward the spirit of proactive attack and chased and annihilated the Gui army.By the morning of the 11th, the four divisions of Bai Chongxi's group, except for the 138th Division's headquarters, led a regiment to escape, all the remaining 47,000 people were wiped out.
Chief of Staff of the Fourth Field Army Xiao Ke wrote in his memoir: "The Hengbao Campaign wiped out a total of 47,000 main enemy forces, which was a great victory for the march of Central and South . Although he was once confused by Bai Chongxi's temporary deployment of advancing and retreating, delaying the time for annihilation of the enemy, the 135th Division did not receive the order to stop and went deep into the enemy's depth and fought bravely, effectively delaying the enemy's retreat. Because he also discovered that the enemy retreated, he immediately pursued him and was able to encircle it and eliminate it, which severely hit the Bai Chongxi group, creating favorable conditions for the future march to Guangdong and Guangxi and the entire enemy in the Central and South regions."
htmlOn the 212th, Lin Biao and others issued a telegram praising the troops who were successful in the Hengbao Campaign. On the 13th, Mao Zedong approved the telegram to Cheng Qianyiyue, who attended the founding ceremony of in Beijing, and wrote: "The ones who were annihilated were two divisions of the Seventh Army and two divisions of the Forty-Eighth Army, located north of Qiyang . When these troops were eliminated, Bai Chongxi sat down and retreated to Guilin himself. The troops retreated to Dong'an, Lingling , and Lengshuitan . He allowed the Seventh Army and 48th Army to fight hard for four days and were wiped out." For Bai Chongxi, this was probably helpless.
At the end of 1948, Fu Zuoyi's 35th Army was annihilated in the new security guards, which promoted Fu Zuoyi's path of accepting peaceful adaptation. Now, Bai Chongxi's Seventh Army has followed the footsteps of the 35th Army, and the CCP is preparing to make a final fight against Bai Chongxi. Huang Qihan, a former legislator of the Kuomintang and a friend of Bai Chongxi, transferred from Beijing to Hong Kong to Guilin. Bai Chongxi not only refused Huang's struggle, but also placed Huang under house arrest in the private house of Mrs. Li Zongren, who was near Elephant Trunk Hill, . After Li found out, he instructed Cheng Siyuan to rescue and sent the travel expenses, so that Huang Qihan was able to escape.
Lin Biao: I think Bai Chongxi is the most talented among the Kuomintang generals.
December 4, 1949, the 39th Army liberated Nanning, the old nest of the Guangxi clan. The picture shows a parade celebrating liberation, after the Hengbao Battle, Lin Biao led the Fourth Field Front Command to Hengyang. At this time, the famous Soviet writer Simonov interviewed Lin Biao. He asked Lin Biao about Bai Chongxi's comment. Lin Biao replied: "I think Bai Chongxi is the most talented among the Kuomintang generals, and this sentence can be said to be not an over-reward. He has many years of military experience, and his command is better than other Kuomintang generals, but because his army is now very obvious and openly fighting against the people, the Kuomintang as a political party has been divided, and the military situation is completely unfavorable to him in all aspects. Therefore, Bai Chongxi's more or less military talent can actually play a role here." After Chiang Kai-shek retreated to Taiwan, he had conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek and could not stay in the mainland for various reasons. Some of them settled in Hong Kong, such as Zhang Fakui, Wei Lihuang, ; some went to the United States, such as Li Zongren. However, unexpectedly, Bai Chongxi flew from Haikou to Taipei on December 30, 1949.
As on December 24 and 30, 1948, Bai Chongxi issued two telegrams "Hai Jing" and "Hai Quan", suggesting to reopen the Republic of China and urge Chiang Kai-shek to step down, and have already formed a bond with Chiang Kai-shek. However, on December 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek sent Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Army and former Shanghai Mayor Chen Liang to Haikou to meet Bai Chongxi. Luo Qi is from Rong County, Guangxi and is a fellow villager of Bai Chongxi. He brought a handwritten letter from Chiang Kai-shek to Bai Chongxi, and wanted to go to Taipei for discussions on the plan in vain. Roqi also said that Chiang wanted to be the "Premier" for nothing. Chen Liang brought some gold bricks, saying that it was funding for the Central China troops. At that time, Bai Chongxi had no more troops. Bai Chongxi was still skeptical when he received this generous gift, so he sent Li Pinxian to Taipei to find out if Jiang really wanted him to form a cabinet. After Li Pinxian arrived in Taipei, he communicated with Bai's letter and said that Chiang Kai-shek wanted Bai to form a cabinet "out of sincerity." Previously, Li Zongren's secretary Cheng Siyuan advised Bai to be cautious when he went to Taiwan, but Bai still went to Taiwan under the instigation of Luo Qi, Chen Liang and Li Pinxian.He went to Taiwan, and his own reason was that he had a sense of the Republic of China.
On December 2, 1966, Bai Chongxi died at his home in Taipei. On September 13, 1971, Lin Biao's landline crashed in Wendurkhan, Mongolia, and none of them survived.
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Editor: Jiang Rongbing
Editor: Zheng Guowei
Production: Wang Yu
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