Zhang Zhiwan:
Zhang Zhiwan (1811-1897), whose courtesy name is Ziqing, and his nickname is Luanpo , was from Nanpi, Zhili (now Shuangmiao Village, Liubali Township, Nanpi County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province), and his cousin Zhang Zhidong. A minister of the late Qing Dynasty and a famous calligrapher and painter. He was a veteran of the four dynasties of Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty.
The first place in the Jinshi (the top scorer) in the 27th year of Daoguang (1847). In the second year of Guangxu (1876), he served as the governor of Henan and transferred to supervise the grain transportation. He served as the governor of Jiangsu and the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. In the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), he was appointed as the Minister of War and was later transferred to , the Ministry of Justice, and . In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), he went to , of the Military Affairs Office, and served as the Minister of Personnel. He was promoted to the co-organized university, the Grand Secretary of Tiren Pavilion, and the Grand Secretary of Dong Pavilion. In the 22nd year of the Guangxu period (1896), he resigned and returned home due to his old age. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), he died at the age of 87. He was awarded the title of Taibao and was posthumously named Wenda and was enshrined in the Xianliang Temple.
On June 16, 2021, Zhang Zhiwan was listed as a "famous figure" by the Nanpi County People's Government
Zhang Zhiwan
character life
early experience
early on the eighth day of July in the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1811), Zhang Zhiwan was born in Nanpi, Hebei.
Jiaqing In the 19th year of the 1814, 4-year-old Zhang Zhiwan started studying.
In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), he entered the county school and became a scholar.
In the 17th year of Daoguang (1837), when the tribute student was selected every twelve years (Yu year), Zhang Zhiwan was selected as tribute student and sent to the Imperial College in Beijing to study.
In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), he was distributed to the Zhejiang Department of the Ministry of Justice as a seventh-rank Beijing official to study and walk.
In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), he passed the provincial examination and was still in the Ministry of Justice after passing the imperial examination.
First entered the official career
In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), Zhang Zhiwan entered the Beijing imperial examination and palace examination, and was the first top scholar in the Jinshi (the "golden list" of the Jinshi was hidden in Taipei Palace Museum ), and was awarded the compilation of Hanlin Academy .
In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849), he served as deputy examiner of Hubei.
In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), he served as the chief examiner of Henan.
In August of the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he served as the Henan Academy of Sciences and was promoted from a postgraduate to a cabinet bachelor.
In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), he was awarded the editor of the Hanlin Academy as the first place in the first place.
The Battle of Jinghai
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Lin Fengxiang and Yang Kaifang led the Taiping Army to attack Henan, conquered Guide and Suixian , and advanced to the provincial capital Kaifeng . Zhang Zhiwan requested to transfer troops from Zhili, Shandong, Shaanxi and Anhui to suppress the military, and personally took the lead in donating military salaries, which caused the Taiping Army to be blocked from the Northern Expedition.
In the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), the Taiping Army attacked Zhili and conquered Jiaohe, Nanpi, Cangzhou, Qingxian, Jinghai and other places. The vanguard approached Tianjin and defeated Naer Jing'e at Linming Pass. Zhang Zhiwan requested to besiege the Taiping Army in Jinghai and Duliu areas. The Northern Expedition Army had no ammunition and food, and had no reinforcements, so he broke through the siege and went south. Zhang Zhiwan was commended for his contributions.
Supervisory Group Training
In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), he was transferred to Beijing and was appointed as the official in daily life. He was recommended by Aisin Jueluo Yihuan to study in the study room.
In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), he taught two county monarchs 2 Aisin Jueluo Yiyi and Aisin Jueluo Yihuan .
In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he was appointed as a candidate for the Hanlin Academy and served as a co-examination examiner. In July, the British and French coalition forces attacked Dagukou , and Zhang Zhiwan was ordered to supervise the regiment training with the military minister Jiao Huying and the censor Chen Hongyi . Zhang Zhiwan hired Zhang Keming and Huang Sihai as military officers under his command.
In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), he served as a co-examination examiner.
Pushing the Nian Army
In July of the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), Emperor Xianfeng died and Tongzhi succeeded to the throne. Before Xianfeng's death, he left eight auxiliary ministers to take charge of the government affairs. Cixi is dissatisfied, Zhang Zhiwan participated in the launch of the Xinyou coup, and the eight ministers of the regent were eliminated. Afterwards, Zhang Zhiwan was valued by Cixi and appointed as the Minister of Works, and was promoted to the Bachelor of the Cabinet.
In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and also to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Works. In March, he was summoned to compile the "Zhiping Baojian" with Xu Pengshou, the minister of Taichang Temple. The book was completed and was deeply loved and appreciated by Cixi, and many treasures were appreciated.
In November, Zhang Zhiwan was awarded the title of governor of Henan.Soon, he submitted several memorials, striving to make adjustments to the redeem the grain and reform local tax measures, which gained the trust of the Qing court.
Jiangsu Governor
In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Zhang Zhiwan received a "document" from the Ministry of Personnel to transfer to Jiangsu Governor. In winter, Zhang Zhiwan and his family set out to Suzhou to serve as the governor of Jiangsu, using Humble Administrator's Garden as an office space to live with their family. On December 27, Gu Wenbin returned to Suzhou from the capital to pay homage to Zhang Zhiwan, but he didn't see him for some reason.
On the ninth day of the first lunar month of the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), Dejingshan, the Suzhou Weaving Department Hall, invited fourteen people including Zhang Zhiwan, Gu Wenbin and others at the Huguang Association Hall. On the 19th, Zhang Zhiwan asked Gu Wenbin and other colleagues to ask. On the seventh day of the ninth month, Zhang Zhiwan was appointed as the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang by the court. In October, when he was over 70 years old, he asked to return to support his parents. In the winter, after Zhang Zhiwan reported to the raising, he did not leave Suzhou. He and his younger brother Zhang Zijing lived in the Humble Administrator's Garden to meet guests. After Zhang Zhiwan's management and governance, the Humble Administrator's Garden gradually regained its old views.
In the first month of the eleventh year of Tongzhi (1872), Zhang Zhiwan changed the Humble Administrator's Garden to the "Eight Banners Fengzhi Association Hall".
In the first month of the third year of Guangxu (1877), Zhang Zhiwan's mother passed away. Friends from the officials and gentry in Suzhou went to the Fengzhi Association of the Eight Banners to pay their respects. In mid-August, Zhang Zhiwan and his family took a boat from Qimen , carried the coffin away from Suzhou, and headed north to Nanpi.
was awarded the Grand Secretary
In January of the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Zhang Zhiwan was summoned to Beijing again ten years after his retirement, and was awarded the title of Minister of War (Minister of National Defense), and was given a horse to the Forbidden City.
In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), the Minister of Justice was transferred.
In March of the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), the Sino-French War broke out, and the Qing army lost its troops in North Korea, Vietnam. Cixi ordered that all the Military Affairs Office be laid off. A new military agency composed of Zhang Zhiwan and others will handle important emergencies. This is the "Jiashen Yishu" in Qing history. Zhang Zhiwan also appointed the Minister of Personnel, assisting Cixi in asking for money from various provinces to prepare for the construction of the Summer Palace. In September, I became the chief teacher of the study room.
In November of the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), he was appointed as the Grand Secretary, and joined the Military Affairs Office and appointed the Minister of the Ministry of Justice.
In the 12th year of the Guangxu period (1886), I wore yellow jacket . In October, the president of the Huidian Pavilion.
In the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889), he was appointed as the Grand Secretary of the Tiren Pavilion and the Prime Minister for the Ministry of Revenue Affairs. Emperor Guangxu was given the grandson of Tiren Pavilion, and was given the title of Prince Taibao, and was given a carriage in the Xiyuan Gate. Only Zhang Zhiwan and Aisin Jueluo Yihuan were treated like this.
In the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), he was transferred to the Grand Secretary of the Dongge.
Entered Xianliang Temple
In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the general meeting of Cixi's 60th birthday celebration was held, and the petal feathers were given to him. He was exempted from military aircraft as aged, and was the minister of the examination papers for the examination of the Jiawu Enke Palace.
Shuheng Jiezhi" plaque
In the 22nd year of the Guangxu period (1896), 85-year-old Zhang Zhiwan resigned four times because he was old and was exempted from military service to return to his hometown in Nanpi for retirement. Cixi gave the plaque "Shuheng Jiezhi" (stuck in Cangzhou Museum ).
Shuheng Jiezhi in the 23rd year of the Guangxu period (1897) On May 15, he died at the age of 87. Because of his "great achievements" in suppressing the peasant uprising during his lifetime, he was rewarded with gyro- scriptures. According to the example of the Grand Master, he was given the title of Taifu, posthumously named Wenda, and entered the temple of Xianliang.
mainly achieved
politics
Zhang Zhiwan was ordered to inspect Henan, and he was investigated in detail. Henan Governor Zheng Yuanshan and prefecture and county officials killed, punished silver, and floating In the case of conquering and harsh sects, the return to the court was reported, Zheng Yuanshan was demoted to Daotai, and the county magistrate, and Yang Feixiong, was dismissed and demoted, which shocked Zhang Zhiwan. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Zhang Zhiwan impeached his meritorious minister Sheng Bao, and in the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Sheng Bao was given suicide. Zhang Zhiwan was diligent and upright, and had three memorials a day.
In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), China and Japan The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 broke out. Zhang Zhiwan's brother Zhang Zhidong was appointed governor of Huguang . Zhang Zhiwan insisted on reconciliation because he understood the strength and facts of China and Japan. The Sino-Japanese War of 1895 ended with Treaty of Shimonoseki.
Military
In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Zhang Zhiwan was awarded the governor of Henan. Collect the actual situation of the army, review the terrain, and select cavalry.It is stipulated that the grain grains will be sold at 4 taels per stone, and 2 taels will be transferred to the ministry warehouse and 1 tael as provincial military pay. The rest are used by officials at all levels to work, which solves the provincial financial difficulties and has stable military pay. There were five Nian Army troops roaming in the surrounding six provinces in Henan Province, and Zhang Zhiwan tied the four during the period of Fuyu.
In August of the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), Zhang Zhiwan was transferred to the position of governor of the grain transport, and also served as the Minister of War and the Right Deputy Censor of the Censorate of the Censorate of the Censorate, and was in charge of the seventh battalion of the "Cao Biao". In October, Zhang Zhiwan entered Xuzhou and used the river to make the wealth of Jianghuai, and deployed all generals to prevent it.
In the tenth year of Guangxu (1884), the court issued an edict to the Minister of Military Affairs Zhang Zhiwan to manage the Privy Council. During the Sino-French War, Zhang Zhiwan requested the Governor of Liangjiang Zuo Zongtang to guard Zhennanguan , Zhang Zhidong was the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and used Feng Zicai to conquer Lang Son, Vietnam, and signed the "Sino-French Armistice Regulations". Since the Opium War , the war of "no city can be cut, no grain can be paid" has been the result of Zhang Zhiwan Privy Council.
Economy
Zhang Zhiwan pays attention to people's livelihood. During the tenure of the Henan Governor and the Jiangsu Governor, they both focus on the development of water conservancy. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1855), the Yellow River was determined by the copper tiles, and the entire river was divided into three shareholders and crossed the canal to merge to capture the Daqing River and enter the sea. In this case, there are different opinions on how to govern. Based on his own experience, Zhang Zhiwan, after many aspects of investigation, proposed insights and solutions while mastering a large amount of actual data. Therefore, in the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), he wrote "Quyi of the River Governance", submitted it to the court, and published it as a monograph. In the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), Governor of Liangjiang, Zeng Guofan, and Governor of Jiangsu, Zhang Zhiwan, submitted a letter to overhaul Shitang, Jiangxi, Baoshan County. In the same year, Jiangsu Governor Zhang Zhiwan requested the establishment of a Water Conservancy Bureau to build the Sanwu Water Conservancy Bureau. And dredged the Huang Ferry of Wusong River to Xinzha with a dredging ship. "("Shanghai Local Information Database") "From the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871) to the twelfth year of Tongzhi (1873), Jiangsu Governor Zhang Zhiwan established a Water Conservancy Bureau, and 103 water culverts on Tanglu Tanglu, Sanxian County, Zhenze, 30 bridges and 7 were built. ” (Suzhou Local Chronicles) Benefit the people and benefit the people.
Thoughts
Zhang Zhiwan advocates "governing people with etiquette and righteousness, and establishing people with integrity and shame. "If you know shame, you can be honest and do things in accordance with morality. Zhang Zhiwan's motto for your descendants: "Teach your descendants to farm and read the two right paths, and follow the last words of the ancestors, diligent and thrifty. "Trial and thrifty as the basis of integrity and wisdom. Zhang Zhiwan valued filial piety and brotherhood. Zhang Zhiwan was elected as a tribute student to Beijing in the 17th year of Daoguang (1837), and served as the official of Beijing after becoming the top scholar. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he was appointed as the governor of Henan, and later served as the governor of rivers and the governor of grain transportation. His old mother Meng and his younger brother, Jing, have been living in the Nanpi County . During these 30 years, Zhang Zhiwan returned to Nanpi to visit relatives and returned home with his entourage. He was never allowed to welcome and see him off. He wore hemp summer cloth clothes in summer In other seasons, wearing cotton and local clothes, a commoner image as a commoner. Zhang Zhiwan usually likes to eat yam and cornmeal porridge. Although there is a chef who can serve as a banquet, it is only used to entertain distinguished guests. His family is usually vegetarian. As early as the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), Zhang Zhiwan talked about daily life and noted officials, and immediately submitted a memorial to the court's "Please issue a memorial to the Book of Filial Piety" to widely educate.
Zhang Zhiwan was filial and brotherly, and voluntarily resigned from the position of governor of Fujian and Zhejiang at the age of 61 to honor 84 The old mother, who was seriously ill, asked to leave (retirement). His voluntary resignation was rare in the history of officials and political affairs throughout the ages. He won a high reputation in the officialdom. He praised him for his noble ambitions and his filial piety, which was quite admirable. Zhang Zhidong, who was sincere and self-motivated, admired this cousin. In Chinese history, the two brothers who entered the cabinet and became ministers in the same court. Zhang Zhiwan and Zhang Zhidong became the chief official of Hubei for 18 years, and promoted the Westernization Movement . Zhang Zhiwan He was transferred to the capital to the cabinet and provided support from all aspects.
calligraphy and painting
Zhang Zhiwan was good at poetry, good at calligraphy and painting, and inherited his paintings. He spent his spare time to send love to calligraphy and painting, and made friends with literature. He had a close relationship with celebrities such as Pan Zuyin, Pan, Wu Dacheng, Chen Baochen, etc., led by the Grand Secretary Li Hongzao , and had good at calligraphy and painting. Zhang Zhiwan's painting, calligraphy, articles, poems, and couplets were all exquisite. Small regular script , Tang Dynasty shiji, and Jin Dynasty rhyme, and was good at his victory.The calligraphy is majestic and elegant, and the painting is the essence of Wang Shimin. The landscape painting is as famous as the interests of Dai Xi and , and it is known as "Dainan and Zhang in the North". "Dictionary of Chinese Art": "I am good at painting landscapes and devoted myself to Wang Hui. I use my brushwork in a long and beautiful way, and my mind is clear. In my later years, my brushwork was simple and light, and my mind was quite moist. I discussed painting studies with Dai Xi, which was the most in line with me. It was called "Southern and Northern Zhang" at that time. I was well-known for my calligraphy. I was good at small regular script, and I was good at the rhyme of the Tang Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. I was also good at it. The works heirlooms include "The Desolate Picture of the Streams and Mountains" in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), which was collected in "Collection of Calligraphy and Painting of Famous People"; in the third year of Guangxu (1877), which was collected in "The Spring Misty Picture of Liuhu Lake" in "Shenzhou Guoguang Collection". " "Minist of the Qing Dynasty, those who are good at calligraphy were the first to recommend Weng Tonghe, and those who are good at painting were recommended Zhang Zhiwan." Zhang Zhiwan's small regular script was not published, and among the 1037 memorials of Zhang Zhiwan, which existed in Beijing's No. 1 Historical Archives, there are 486 memorials of the 1037 memorials of Zhang Zhiwan (original). The "Collected Works of Zhang Wenda" is passed down from generation to generation.
Botou Mosque contains a plaque "Halal Dangshu" written by Zhang Zhiwan. Luoyang Folk Museum contains the plaque "Yi Gao Enxiang" written by Zhang Zhiwan. Tibet Autonomous Region Archives contains the handwritten paintings given by the 13th Dalai Lama of the Qing Dynasty. It is 155 cm long and 53 cm wide. There is a poem written by Zhang Zhiwan on the painting: "It is a quiet fragrance in the mountains, and it is a fragrance in the country when it comes out of the mountains. Tea orchids meet, and the pen-pal friend is auspicious."
Character evaluation
Newspaper evaluation
People's Daily Online: From the third year of Shunzhi (1646) to the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), a total of 118 top scholars were produced in more than 260 years. Among the 118 top scholars, only 11 were appointed as prime minister. Zhang Zhiwan made significant achievements in the political stage and industrial field at that time and became the "top prime minister".
Hubei Daily: Zhang Zhiwan was a famous official in the late Qing Dynasty, at the age of 87, and was the highest-lived top scholar in Chinese history.
The essence of literature and history: First there is Zhang Zhiwan, then there is Zhang Zhidong.
Celebrity reviews
Pan Shien: I will pass on my mantle in the future.
Zhang Hengjia : If Zhang Zhi is in military affairs, if there is a divine gift, the Confucian minister will govern the army and his style will be hidden.
Du Zhongzhou: Researching Zhang Zhidong is inseparable from Zhang Zhiwan, who is the brother of Zhang Zhidong clan. In politics, the two support each other. Zhang Zhiwan made great achievements in pacifying the national chaos and governing the Yellow River. Extraordinary achievements in art. The landscape paintings were known as "Nan Dai (Xi) Bei Zhang" and were recognized at that time for the high achievement of poetry and prose.
Zhang Zhesun: China has won 610 top scorers in literature. Among them, there were 114 people in the Qing Dynasty, 4 people in Hebei Province, and Zhang Zhiwan was one of them. In Chinese history, only Zhang Zhiwan and Zhang Zhidong were the two brothers who came to the cabinet to worship ministers in the same dynasty. Zhang Zhiwan was the highest-lived scholar among the top scholars of all dynasties, and he served in the four dynasties of Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu.
Anecdotes and allusions
Hebei Bangzi
Zhang Zhiwan's mother passed away. Zhang Zhiwan invited Sun Baoyuan to serve as the "main officer" of the funeral. The Sun Family Opera Troupe brought "Qin Xuemei Duan Xiao ", which was very popular and praised. Zhang Zhiwan was extremely shocked by his sometimes loud and exciting singing style. Since then, Zhang Zhiwan loves Bangzi Opera more and has gradually become a fan of votes. "The Grand View of Unofficial History of the Qing Dynasty" records: "Zhang Xiang can also sing operas by himself, but there is no other decoration in the flower hall. Two gauze hats are placed on the hat stand. When he wants to act, he will wear them by himself. Zhang Xiang likes Bangzi opera, and the prosperity of the Bangzi opera in the capital began with Zhang Xiang." Under Zhang Zhiwan's strong push, Hebei Bangzi entered the palace, and Hebei Bangzi went from Beijing to Tianjin to all parts of the country, becoming a very influential opera in northern China.
Nanpi steamed bun
One day in the late Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi summoned the military minister Zhang Zhiwan and asked what the rural people often eat. Zhang Zhiwan replied "weed bun". Cixi wanted to taste the steamed buns, so Zhang Zhiwan immediately sent someone back to his hometown to make them carefully, steamed two pots of steamed buns, and sent them to the capital for the Queen Mother to taste. After using it, Cixi was very happy and named Nanpi steamed buns as "Imperial Food". As a result, Nanpi Wetou walked into the deep palace courtyard and became famous, becoming famous. In 2013, Qijia Yushen steamed buns were rated as the provincial intangible cultural heritage of Hebei Province.
Second Green Horse
Zhang Zhiwan raised a red horse, very brave. He once traveled thousands of miles a day, but he was not out of breath. A soldier saw that he loved it very much and sent someone to buy it, but Zhang Zhiwan refused.The man must buy it, but Zhang Zhiwan was helpless, so he let the man take him away. A few days later, the horse was sent back. Zhang Zhiwan was very surprised and asked why. The man said, "Just just rode on it, he was lifted off by the horse. Several people were replaced, and they were lifted off. This horse was a bad horse, so he returned it." Zhang Zhiwan couldn't ask for it, so he returned the money and took back the horse. When Zhang Zhiwan rode a horse, he was very gentle, just like before. It turned out that this horse wanted to follow the owner.
Post-century chant
Zhang Zhi Wan Tomb
According to the "Nanpi County Chronicles", "Zhang Zhi Wan Tomb in Qing Dynasty, the north of Shuangmiao, was stolen and destroyed in 1954."
Zhang: Wanzhai
Zhang: Wanzhai is located in the eastern part of the Humble Administrator's Park in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and is preserved intact.
Zhang Zhiwan's calligraphy and painting:
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10100 years ago, in Chinese history, the imperial examination system started from Sui and Tang , and has not stopped until the Qing Dynasty, and has been used for more than 1,300 years. There is very few "system" that can compare with the profound and wide influence of the imperial examination system on politics, economy, culture, thought, folk customs and even national character. Its appearance is a reflection of social progress. In ancient society, it was the most open and fair system for selecting talents. The title of the Golden List is an idiom, which was first derived from the Five Dynasties· Wang Dingbao "Tang Literature·Volume 3".
The original meaning of this idiom refers to the candidates who passed the imperial examination and passed the imperial examination and were on the admission list.
Since the founding of the imperial examinations in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, studying and becoming an official has become a right way for scholars all over the world to seek fame and fame. According to statistics, from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than one million Juren, more than one hundred thousand Jinshi, and more than 700 top scholars in civil and military affairs were produced. The term "Zhuangzi" was once called "Zhengtou" in in the Tang Dynasty. The results will be released after the palace examination, and the one who ranks first is "六子". It was not until the early Ming Dynasty that the court clearly stipulated that the "top scholar" was the special title of the first Jinshi. The palace examination is the last sprint for the scientific examination and the most glorious examination. According to the rules of the Qing Dynasty, after the palace examination, the new Jinshi must wear a public uniform and a crown of three branches and nine leaves, and stand behind all officials to wait for the order. The emperor came to , the Palace of Supreme Harmony, and read out the ranking of Jinshi, which was called Chuanlu or Chuanlu. In fact, it was the ceremony for the emperor to announce the ranking of Jinshi.
Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, scholars took the exam for scholars at the county level. The first place in the provincial examination is called "Xieyuan". The first place in the national (community examination) exam is called Huiyuan. The first place in the palace examination is called "The No. 1", the second place is called "The No. 1", and the third name is "Tanhua". The rest are called "Jinshi". The top three are admitted to the Hanlin Academy. Other Jinshi must pass the examination and be selected before they can enter the Hanlin Academy for another three years. Entering the Hanlin Academy is the same as the top scholar. In the Qing Dynasty, he was not good at being a minister and prime minister, but he had to be a Hanlin graduate. The ancient imperial examination system was admitted to Jinshi after the palace examination, and the announcement of the ranking was announced. Because it was written on yellow paper, it was called Huangjia and Jinban. It is mostly designated by the emperor, commonly known as the imperial list. If you pass the Jinshi exam, you will be called the Golden List. Chinese traditional culture talks about "Four joys" in "There are "a long drought that lasts, a sweet rain, a foreign land, a wedding night, and a golden list to be named", which refers to the four biggest happy events in life.
pictures of the world
Author's description: I will publish pictures and texts introducing the characters of "Golden List" in China in the past dynasties. If you like it, you can enter the three words "Lin Dongjia" in the search for "Today's Headlines" to view published articles and pictures. Please also pay attention and like. Thanks.
