Dongping has outstanding people and talents.
Patriotic general Qi Jiguang
ancestral home seeks roots and locks Dongping
Qi Jiguang is a famous anti-Japanese general in the Ming Dynasty, is a famous military expert in my country, , but there have been divergent opinions about his ancestry. In recent years, in Dongping and surrounding areas related to Qi Jiguang’s Qi family stele, tombs, epitaphs, genealogy, family halls, and oral historical materials have been collected and sorted out by relevant units. Through sorting and researching these historical materials, will Qi Jiguang's ancestral home is locked in Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County.
This article will be divided into four parts to interpret the issue of Qi Jiguang’s ancestry:
•The first part, Qi family tombs, stone carvings, stele rubbings and oral historical materials;
•Second part, Qi family lineage and route of activities;
•third Part, the record of the visit of Qi Jiguang's ancestral home in Dongping;
•The fourth part, textual research on the historical materials of Qi Jiguang's ancestral home in Dongping.
According to "Chronicles of Qi Shaobao" , Qi Jiguang's ancestor escaped the chaos of Haoliang from the outside family at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and moved his family to Changyi Township, Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. His ancestor first belonged to Zhu Yuanzhang and was elected as a small banner. After 30 years of hard work, he was first awarded as a hundred households in Yingtianwei Institute, and later died in the battle in Yunnan. In order to commend his founding of the country, the Ming court awarded his son Qi Bin the general of Mingwei, and hereditary Dengzhouwei commanded him. Qi Bin gave birth to Qi, and Qi Su had a chivalrous festival, good articles, and poems and poems with Tang style. The lineage of Qi Jiguang is recorded in the Chronicles. The first generation of Qi Xiang, the second generation of Qi Bin, the third generation of Qi, the fourth generation of Qi Jian, the fifth generation of Qi Quan, Qi Ning, the sixth generation of Qi Jingtong, and the seventh generation of Qi Jiguang. According to the existing historical data, there are the tombs of Qi Jian, Qi Quan, and Qi Jiguang in the tombs of the Qi family in Dongping. Dongping preserves a detailed chain of evidence of the activities of the Qi family, which will be listed below.
1. Dongping Qi family tombs,
stone carvings, stele topography and oral historical materials
(1) Dongping Qi family tombs
Dongping Qi family tombs are located in Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County today (including Qijialin South Forest and North Forest), Qijialin is located in the south of Kunshan (formerly known as Kunshan), north of Jinshan North (now Tushan Village), east of Kunshan Dam, and Dongping Lake in the east. Except for the South Forest and the North Forest in Qijialin, most of the middle forest land is submerged in Dongping Lake.
•Qi’s Nanlin now preserves the tomb of Qi Quan. Qi Quan (also known as Qi Xuan) is Qi Jingtong's uncle. Because of no children, Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jing passed on to Qi Quan, and Qi Jingtong was able to inherit the role of Dengzhouwei in commanding her affairs. Qiquan’s tomb is located in the southern forest of Qijia in the north of Jinshan (now north of Tushan Village). The tomb is 2 meters high and 10 meters in circumference. The southern half of the tomb is occupied by the houses of Tushan village. There are Ming Dynasty tomb bricks and the tomb is covered with weeds. The northwest of the tomb is flat, and there is a water well more than 100 meters away from the tomb. The stone along the well is a smashed tombstone. According to villagers of Jinshan and Tushan, the tomb is Qi's tomb. Nearby villagers in their 60s or 70s had drilled into the tomb when they were young (the tomb has a 0.7-meter-long triangular robbery hole in the northwest of the top of the tomb). They saw writings, which are epitaphs. The tomb is about 2 meters long, 1.8 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high. It is made up of large bluestones. On the stone face 1.2 meters long and 0.9 meters high to the north, there is an epitaph of 0.7 meters long and 0.6 meters high.
•Qijia Beilin is located in front of Kunshan, is now occupied by the houses and courtyards of villager Zhang Dezhu. The west of Qijia Beilin is the village transformer room, and the southeast is Dongping Lake. According to the "Qi Family Tree" and related oral historical materials, Qi Jiguang's tomb is in front of the trapped mountain, and there is a stele in front of the tomb. Qi Jiguang's tomb has not been excavated and is still preserved in Qijia Beilin.
(two) Qijialin remnant stele
1, Qi family tomb stele. is located near Qijia Nanlin, half buried in the soil. The carved stone is 1.01 meters long, 0.76 meters wide and 0.4 meters thick. This stone is a table stone for ancestor worship. To the southwest is the tomb of "Qi's ancestor tomb" Qi Yong (Qi Jian), which has been completely occupied by the foundation. The exposed surface is smoother, and the front lettering:
2, Linmen Lintel. The specifications of the Linmen lintel are 1.46 meters long, 0.57 wide, and 0.3 meters thick. On the right side are: the ancestral home of Beifengkunshan Village, Xideng Township, Xucheng County, Dongping Road, and the eldest son of Qi Quan stands respectfully. Qi Chugong, the father of Qi Jiguang, Qi Jingtong, with the word Chugong, this stone evidenceThe stone gate (archway) of Qijialin in Ming Dynasty was built by Qi Jingtong.
3, two pieces of residual stone. The first remnant of is 0.35m in length, 0.24m in width, and 0.21m in thickness. It is engraved with "Tomb of Qi Family" on the front and "Four Sons" on the back; the second remnant has specifications It is 0.77 meters long, 0.44 meters wide, and 0.24 meters thick. It is engraved with "Beifengkuun Mountain, Xucheng County, Dongping Road, the eldest son Qi Quan, the second son Qi You, the third son Qi Lin, the fourth son Qi De, and the fourth son."
4. Unearthed objects: The mirror of King Qin was rewarded in the Ming Dynasty, with a diameter of 0.15 meters and a thickness of 0.06 meters. Kunshan villager Zhang Zhongcheng dug up when he was building a house in the northern forest of Kunshan. There is an inscription around the mirror: "Rewarded the King of Qin's mirror, he will not hesitate to spend money, and he must be self-seeking." found the Ming Dynasty in Qiquan Tomb. 4 pieces of porcelain bowls and other fragments used for sacrifice. In addition, the wooden tarts made of coffins found in the homes of villagers in Kunshan are 0.8 meters high and have relatively hard wood.
(3) Qi Jian (also known as Qi Yong) tombstone rubbing
was collected from Qi Yi Ship, Qi Gai Village, Daimiao Town, Dongping County, and a "Tomb of General Zhaoyong Guangxi Commander Yu Shi Qi" rubbing was collected, now The content of the rubbings and related research are listed as follows:
1, the content of the rubbings. In the middle of the
rubbing is "The Tomb of General Zhaoyong, Guangxi Dusidu Commander Yu Shiqi Gong" . The rubbing is 120 cm in length and 45 cm in width, and a piece of the rubbing is pasted on the left, middle and lower side. The entire rubbing has 46 characters, one horizontal line, four vertical columns, and the two characters "test" in the horizontal script, which is obviously established by the son by the father.
Count one column to the right: "Know Dongpingzhou Li □ Question" 7 characters, of which 6 characters are identifiable, and Li "□" is unclear. The middle column, the second column from the right, is "The Tomb of General Zhaoyong Guangxi Dusidu Commander Yu Shi Qi Gong" , a total of 17 characters, this is the post or posthumous title of the tomb owner. The three columns from the right are: "A filial son Qi □ inject blood and worship" 8 characters, except that Qi "□" is ambiguous. The fourth column from the right is "Yong □ 21st July 16th" 12, but the year of Yong "□" is ambiguous. The lower left corner of the
rubbing is explanatory text with the content "This general tombstone is located in front of Kunshan Village, Yinshan 9th District, Liangshan County, Shandong Province, at the gates of Zhang Weixiang and Zhang Jicheng. Behind the general tombstone, there is a piece of Qi Jiguang’s tomb ( The Cultural Relics Reference Material Editing Committee has a case for investigation.) After the general’s tomb was destroyed by this place in the 37th and 1982 years of the Republic of China, in 1950 (Republic of China 39), the people (clan) went to search again and again. At first, I learned that the stone jade had been lost, and the Shandong Cultural Bureau sent personnel to the county to go to Heze and other places for investigation, but the treatment has not yet been determined."
2, rubbing textual research.
Forever "□" year, the eternal "□" year is ambiguous, and there are traces of "" on the upper part of the word "□". The Ming dynasty reigns start with the word "Yong", one is Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, whose reign is Yongle (1403-1424); the other is Yongli (1647-1661), which is the reign of King Gui Wang Zhu Youlang, but it is Yongli year The number is only fifteen years old. Therefore, in the rubbings, "July 16th, forever 21st year" should be "July 16th forever 21st year". Textual research on "Knowing Dongpingzhou Li". According to Kangxi’s "Dongping Zhouzhi", Zhou Shou, Liu Zhen, and Li Xiang were the Dongping Zhizhou in the Yongle period. According to the above analysis, "Knowing Dongpingzhou Li" should be the "Li" of Yongle Reign Zhizhou. According to the investigation, Li Xiang, from Jiangxi Taihe. During the Yongle reign, he was promoted to Dongping Zhizhou for more than ten years, and he was still the Zhizhou in the Hongxi period (1425). Moreover, the strokes of "Xiang" in the "□" in "Li □" are more obvious, so the "Li □" should definitely be Li Xiang.
3. Research on the person standing the stele.
Qi Jiguang was born in 1528 and his father Jingtong was born in 1473. It is impossible to erect a monument. Qi Jiguang's grandfather Qi Ning's birth date is unknown. When Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jingtong was 6 years old, his father Qi Ning passed away in 1479. Although Qi Ning's birth year is unknown, it is possible to be born before 1423, that is, to be at least 56 years old. It is also possible to erect a monument in 1423.
In the rubbings, the "□" of the filial son "Qi" weeping and standing up with blood is in the traditional "" of Ning. It is possible that the monument was erected by Qi Ning. From the above, we can see that "Qi Gong" died before 1423, and between 1375 and 146There is no doubt that he served as the commander of the Guangxi Metropolitan Government for five years.
According to the analysis of the Qi family tree in Dongping, word-of-mouth information and rubbing content, the "Tomb of Qi Jigong under the command of General Zhaoyong Guangxi Dusi" is a monument erected by Qi Jiguang's grandfather Qi Ning for his great grandfather Qi Jian, and the tomb is Qi Jiguang's great grandfather Qi Jianzhi tomb.
(4) "Qi Family Tree"
So far, relevant units and scholars who have studied Qi Jiguang's ancestral home have collected five sets of "Qi Family Tree". In Qigai Village, Daimiao Township, in addition to the "Qi Family Tree", The Qi family hall and the enshrined portrait of Ming Wu Yi Gong (Qi Jiguang) still exist. The content of the genealogy is briefly listed as follows:
1, the revised version of "Qi Family Tree" in December of the Republic of China. Preface to the ancestral genealogy: "The ancestor used to be taboo. It was a native of Dongguan County, Jeju. From Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, he moved to Dongping Road and lived in North Fengkun Mountain, Dengxiang, and died. Jiachengyan has been around for more than ten years so far."
2, handwritten "Qi Family Tree" on November 28, 1988. The preface: "My first ancestor Taboo used, and his great ancestor Taboo Cheung moved to Changyi Township, Dingyuan County, Anhui Province from Tai'an, Shandong at the end of Yuan Dynasty." In order to read the woody water source, the descendants of our ethnic group will go to the Kushan Mountain to pay homage to the tombs every festival. At that time, the Linmen was still there, the monuments were still there, and the tombs were all. Hou Lin was in front of the trapped mountain. The ancestral tomb was buried in a hanging coffin, and there was a stele in front of the tomb. The article said: "Guangxi is the commander of the family" thing). Z3z
I, used by the public, hereditary Dengzhouwei commanded the affairs. The tomb is in front of the mountain and behind the Jinshan.
II, Changyuquan, Ciyuyou, Sanyulin moved abroad, and Siyude moved abroad. Z3z
III, Yu Shijing, Zi Chu Gong, Hao Jingtong, successively served as the commander of Dengzhou Wei, the chief of grain transportation, and the commander.
IV, Long Taboo Jiguang, the character Yuanjing, the emperor of the commander, the posthumous post of Wuyi, the three emperors of Ming Shizong, Mu Zong, and Shenzong, put down the Japanese pirates and trained soldiers at Jimen, and wrote a book on military, the book became famous as the new book of Ji Xiao , The tomb is in front of the trapped mountain, and there is a stele in front of the tomb.
The fifth taboo Zhen, the word Zuo country.
3. The "Qi Family Tree" is kept in Qijia, Dongqi, and Xiqi Villages, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County, and the content is the same as the above tree.
4. Collected by Yin Chengqian, former director of Laiwu City History Office, "Qi Family Tree", provided by Professor Li Boqi of Shandong Normal University. The content is the same as the previous one.
5. Printed version of "Qi Family Tree" in 1983. The preface of said: "My surname originated from the Zhou Dynasty. At that time, the king divided the princes. Among them, there were seven princes. The princes were adjacent to each other, and they were like brothers. Because they were seven people, they gave the surname seven, and later changed it to "Qi". The name of the hall is "Qihoutang". Couplets are often written: "Sanli Family Fengjiu, Qihou Shiyechang", Henglian "Qihou Shijia". "Z3z
I, the ancestor Qi Gong taboo uses
II, Chang Gong Quan
III, Taboo Shijing, and Taboo Jingtong, with the words Gong
IV, Long Taboo Jiguang, Character Yuanjing, Nantang, and Meng Zhu in the evening. The title of the soldier's book is "Ji Xiao New Book" and "Lianbing "Real Records", "Zhizhitang Collection", "Horizontal Draft" and so on.
Note after the book: It is based on the 23rd year of the Republic of China.
6, Qi family hall, 1955 plum month system, length 2 meters, width 0.9 meters, three cloths.
I, used by the first ancestor to confide in the public, the second son
II, the long taboo spring, the first son
III, Shi Jing, the word Chu Gong, the third son
the fourth, the Chang Jiguang, the word Yuan Jing, and the first son
The "Statue of Ming Qi Wuyi Gong" was enshrined in the Qi family in Qigai Village.
(5) Summary of oral historical materials
1, Li Xueping (a villager in Kunshan, Yinshan Town, male, 81 years old) Oral:
has the original tomb in front of the mountain, with a stele, and there are several engravings on the stele: It was destroyed once when Dongping Lake was repaired in 1958, and again when it was attached to the embankment in 1962. It was destroyed before the "Cultural Revolution".
There used to be a "Lu Bridge" in Dongping Lake, but now it has all been submerged in the water. I heard my grandfather said that the land search of his generation was based on "Luqiao". There is Qijialin in Nanshan (ie Jinshan), and Shimen is very tall. When the Yangshui Station and the bridge in the village were built in the 1960s, the Shimen was stripped off. By the time of the "Cultural Revolution", there was not much in the cemetery. There are cemeteries in Qijia Forest from Nanshan to Beishan.
The old man in the southeast of Kunshan is called Qijiawa. ZhangWhen the family built the house, a stone stele was found in the southwest corner of the house. The stele was inscribed: "The Tomb of General Zhenwei Qi Jiguang". It is a hanging coffin hung with an iron chain, made of cypress wood, not thick. Qi Jiguang’s tomb is more than 2 kilometers away from the old forest, which is in the north of Nanshan (Jinshan).
2, Qi Yichun (a villager in Qigai Village, Daimiao Township, male, 74 years old) dictated:
In the 1950s, all of us Qi clan went to Kunshan to burn paper. There is a hanging coffin in the Kunshan cemetery, hung with iron chains. Qijiawa was located in the south of Kunshan Dam and east of Maoshan. It was the land of the Qi family. It was occupied by the Guo family and the grave was flattened. In the 1950s, the Guo family and the Qi family were brought to the Heze Intermediate Court due to land disputes.
3. Introduction by Zhang Chuanlei (cadre of Yinshan Town):
There is Luqiao 1000 meters east of Tushan Island (Huxin Island). Luqiao is a village. Because people named Lu live and have bridges, they are called "Luqiao". There is a building on the west side of Kunshan Village called Xilou. The people in the village heard the old people say that Qi Jiguang swallowed gold and died on the west building.
The current Kunshan was originally called Kunshan. It was named after King Zhou Mu was trapped in this mountain when he hunted, and the word Kunshan was changed to Kunshan because of the taboo. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were people surnamed Feng who lived here, so it was called Feng Kunshan. Because the Feng family is a big family, the nearby Nantangzi Village is also called Fengtangzi Village. More than ten years ago, Zhao Xihuan in Kunshan Village dug a bronze sword, and the sword is not far from the tomb of General Zhenwei Qi Jiguang.
Around October 2010, Director Jiang Guangzhi of the Party History Office of Dongping County and Director Xu Yanliang of the Cultural and History Committee of the CPPCC visited Kunshan Village of Yinshan Town, Qigai Village of Daimiao Township, and Dongqi Village, Xiqi Village of Dalukou, Liangshan County and Shou Village of Liangshan County respectively. Zhangji visited Qilou Village and collected a lot of detailed oral historical materials. The relevant content is listed in the third part.
The tomb of Qi's Zuying and Qi Jian (used) is located in the north of Jinshan, on the southernmost side. It is now occupied by the foundation of the house. It is evidenced by the table stone inscriptions, and it is completely consistent with the records in the "Qi Family Tree"; the tomb of Qi Jiguang's grandfather Qi Quan Namely, Nanlin Great Tomb was built after the death of Qi Jiguang’s father, Qi Jingtong, and is evidenced by an epitaph; Qijialin was built by Qi Jingtong and is evidenced by the stone carvings of the Qi’s Linmen gate; Qinshan is the ancestral home of Qi’s family; Qi Jiguang’s tomb is like " "Qi's Ancestral Genealogy" is recorded in front of the Kushan Mountain, with ruins, relics and relics as evidence.
2. The Qi family lineage and activity route
For the study of Qi Jiguang’s ancestral home issue, it is necessary to systematically sort out the Qi family lineage and activity route in order to clarify this issue. The following is a combination of relevant historical data on the Qi family Analyze the activity routes one by one.
(1) The first three generations of the Qi family,
, the first ancestor of the Qi Xiang At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the family moved to Changyi Township, Dingyuan, Anhui Province. The ancestor first returned to Zhu Yuanzhang and elected as a small banner. After thirty years of hard work, he was awarded as a hundred households in the Yingtianwei Institute. Later he died in the battle in Yunnan. According to historical records, Zhu Yuanzhang led Xu Da, Tang He and others out of Haozhou in the winter of 1353 (the thirteenth year of Yuanzhizheng) and entered Dingyuan. Around 1381 (the fourteenth year of Hongwu), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Fu Youde to lead a conquest in Yunnan. Therefore, it can be inferred that the first generation ancestor Qi Xiang should have been in the army earlier than 1353, died in battle around 1381, and had been in the army for more than 30 years. Moreover, before Qi Xiang died in the battle in Yunnan, his official position was one hundred households. After his death, he is most likely to be buried in Yunnan. In addition, according to the "Genealogy", "Qi Xiang's wife was Zhang's family and gave birth to a son, Qi Bin. Qi Xiang moved to Changyi Township, Dingyuan County, Anhui in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty." This is exactly in line with historical facts, from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Ming Dynasty. A large number of people in Tai'an, Jinan, Qingzhou and other places in Shandong have flowed into northern Anhui. The legend that ancestors came from Shandong "Zaolinzhuang (now Yanzhou)" is still circulating in Anhui. The second generation of
is Qi Bin. "The Chronicle of Qi Shaobao" records that after Qi Xiang died in the war, the Ming court awarded his son Qi Bin as the Mingwei general in recognition of his founding merits, and hereditary Dengzhouwei commanded him. "Genealogy" records: "Qi Bin was General Mingwei, hereditary Dengzhou Wei commanded his affairs, and moved back to live in Rencheng County, Jeju, Shandong. Qi Bin's wife, Zhao, only raised one son." Therefore, it can be inferred that, Qi Bin moved back to Rencheng County, Jezhou, Shandong Province from Dingyuan or Ying Tianwei (now Nanjing) after 1381 (the 14th year of Hongwu). According to the "Genealogy of the Qi Family" in the 23rd year of the Republic of China, the Qi family in Dongping "was originally from Rencheng County, Jeju, and moved to live in North Fengkun Mountain, Deng Township, Dongping Road from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, and the death was also buried in Feng. In front of the mountain and after the Jinshan." There are two titles from Yuan Dynasty to the first year, one is 1266 (Yuan Shizu to the third year of Yuan Dynasty), and the other is 1337 (Yuan Shun Emperor to the third year of Yuan Dynasty). According to historical records,In 1337 (Emperor Yuan Shun to the third year of Yuan Dynasty), the Yellow River in Jeju overflowed, and it was impossible to see the fields and houses, and countless people died. The Qi family's move to Dongping should be related to this flood, probably in 1337.
In addition, the Ming Dynasty Dengzhouwei was built in 1376 (the 9th year of Hongwu), and Qi Bin awarded Dengzhouwei as a commander after 1381, which is completely in line with historical facts. The Qi family belonged to military households. According to the records of military records in the Ming Dynasty, military households in the Ming Dynasty were divided into three categories: levy, surrender, and extinction. Qi Xiang belonged to the subordinate type, and the generals who followed Zhu Yuanzhang in the early period often had hereditary practices closer to their ancestral home. Therefore, Qi Bin's appointment as Dengzhouwei is completely reasonable. The historical facts of Qi Bin moving to Rencheng County, Jeju, are especially valuable for sorting out the activities of the Qi family.
three ancestors. "The Chronicle of Qi Shaobao" records that Qi Bin gave birth to Qi, and Qi "Successfully has a chivalrous festival, good articles, and poems and poems with Tang style." "Genealogy" records: "Qi inherited the command of Dengzhou Wei, his wife Wang family, and gave birth to a son Qi Jian."
According to the above historical data, it can be concluded that one of the Qi family should be in 1337 (from Yuan Shun to Yuan San) 1 year) moved to Dongping from Jeju Imseong, Jeju Imseong and Dongping family should maintain clan ties. Jeju Rencheng and Dongping are located along the canal at the same time, and the distance between them is only more than 70 kilometers. The second generation ancestor Qi Bin moved from Dingyuan, Anhui, to Rencheng County, Jeju after he was awarded the commander of Dengzhouwei in 1381 (the 14th year of Hongwu). It shows that there is always clan ties between Dongping Qi family and Jeju.
(2) Dongping Qi family lineage
Dongping "Qi Family Tree" regards Qi Jian as the ancestor of Dongping Qi family. The "Genealogy" records: Qi Jian also confided in Qi Yi, his wife Zhao, Zhang, Qian, has four sons. Qi Jian originally lived in Rencheng County, Dongguan, Jeju, and moved to North Fengkun Mountain in Dongpingdeng Township since the Ming Dynasty Emperor Xuande. The hereditary Dengzhou Guardian commanded him. The tomb is in front of the mountain and behind Jinshan. "The Chronicle of Qi Shaobao" records: "The birth of Qi Jian, Qi Jian has brawn strength, weak crowns fight alone a tiger, the hometown is different." Z3z
II Qi Xuan (quan), Qi Ning. "The Chronicle of Qi Shaobao" records that Qi Jian gave birth to Qi Xuan, and Qi Xuan had no heirs. He had a younger brother named Ning, married sister Yan Cong, the county guard, and gave birth to his eldest father Jingtong. Fang was six years old, Wei Yan was lonely, and Yan was twenty-four years old. "Genealogy" records: "Qi Jian's wife Zhao, Zhang, Qian has four sons. The eldest son Qi Quan, also known as Qi Xuan, his wife Dong, one son; the second son Qi Ning, also known as Qi You, his wife Yan, The Wang family has two sons; the third son Qi Lin moved abroad, his wife Wang, and the second son; the fourth son Qi De moved abroad, and his wife Wang has four sons."
From the above records, we can see that Qi Shaobao’s Chronicles did not mention Qi remonstrance The series is clearly stated, and the "Qi Family Tree" is more detailed. Qi Jingtong’s biological father was Qi Ning, and Qi Xuan (quan) had no heir to inherit the post of commander of Dengzhouwei. Qi Jing passed on to Qi Xuan (quan). Qi Jiansheng has four sons, the eldest son Qi Quan, the second son Qi Ning, and the third son and four sons moved abroad.
III Qi Jingtong. "The Chronicle of Qi Shaobao" records: "The father is beautiful, and he grows his beards. Bo Xuan died and became an official in the world, so he assumed the post of his uncle as his nephew." "Qi Shijing" records: "Qi Shijing, word Chu Gong, number Jingtong. His wife Zhang, Wang, Li, and Liu have three sons. He has served as the commander of Dengzhou Wei, the commander of grain transportation, and the commander of the capital. The eldest son Qi Zhong has three sons; the second son Qi Zhongrong has two sons, the eldest son, and the second son The son moved abroad.” From the above information, it can be concluded that Qi Xuan, as the eldest son of Qi Jian, inherited the post of commander of Dengzhouwei, but Qi Xuan has no heirs to inherit the world position, and can only be inherited by his nephew. It is Qi Jingtong. The relationship between Qi Xuan (quan) and Qi Jingtong rose from the original uncle-nephew relationship to the father-son relationship in the patriarchal clan system, and the relationship between Qi Ning and Qi Jingtong descended from the original patriarchal and blood father-son relationship to the only remaining blood father-son relationship. The change in the Ming Dynasty, when traditional feudal ethics prevailed, had an important impact on the identity of individuals and future generations.
Here, the patriarchal relationship between Qi Jingtong and Qi Quan, and the excavation of Dongping’s Epitaph of Qi Quan around 2008 further demonstrates this issue. The early part of "Qiquan Epitaph" records: The native place of Beifengkunshan Village, Xideng Township, Xucheng County, Dongping Prefecture, Dayuan, was a native of Jiazheng. Confucius said: Life is a matter of ritual; death, burial is a ritual, and sacrifice is a ritual. Cloud: The beauty of coffins and furnishings is why they are buried. In the middle of
: Yu Quan marries his wife Dong, four daughters, eldest sister, second sister, third sister, and fourth sister. One son is guilty of respect, married to the Li family, Hu family, and five daughters. There are two sons, the long Buddha man, and the second Dao boy. Signed: Xinmao Hitachi in the past year and month.
from above tombIt can be seen from Zhiming that Qi Jingtong (Chu Gong) is already the son of Qi Quan. In addition, there are two questions that need to be explained further, so that readers can have an accurate understanding of the "Emblem of Qi Quan". The first question is to determine the Jisi year. There were three Jisi years in the Ming Dynasty: 1389, 1449, 1509, 1569, and 1629. Obviously, only 1509 (the four years of Zhengde) is the most suitable; the second The question is, according to the epitaph, Qi Jingtong apparently adopted it to his uncle Qi Quan. On the epitaph, there are two sons named Buddha and Daotong under Qi Chugong's name. These two names should be predicted. Here is an ancient custom. When the family builds the tomb, there is no male, and you can "pre-establish", that is, engrave the male's name on the tombstone in advance to show filial piety. Qi Quan only succeeded Qi Jingtong when he was old and childless, and let him inherit the post of commander of Dengzhouwei. When Qi Quan died, Qi Jingtong (1473-1544) was 36 years old, but Qi Jingtong did not give birth to a boy. The above calculations started from the death of the first generation Qi Xiang in Yunnan in 1381 to the death of the sixth generation Qi Jingtong in 1544, a total of 163 years, a total of five generations, in line with the law of human reproduction.
IV Qi Jiguang. "Genealogy" records: "Jiguang, Zi Yuanjing, wife Zhao Wangshi, emperor commander, official governor, imperial emperor Wuyi, successive emperors Mingzong, Shizong, and Mu chief pacified Japanese pirates and went to Jimen for military training. , Also written as a military book, the book became famous as "Ji Xiao New Book." The tomb is in front of the trapped mountain, and there is a stele in front of the tomb." There are objects, relics, and oral historical materials in Dongping trapped mountain, which mutually confirm Qi Jiguang's tomb in front of the trapped mountain. Describe one by one. Z3z
ancestral home is the traditional cultural concept of the Han nationality. It refers to the birthplace of a certain ancestor (traditionally referred to as patrilineal ancestor) in a certain period recognized by a family ethnic group, and usually refers to the birthplace of the grandfather. The Qi family in Dongping moved to Dongping from Rencheng in Jeju in 1337 (Yuan Dynasty to the third year of the Yuan Dynasty). It was listed as the ancestor of the Qi family in Dongping during the Qi Jian period. There are detailed facts from the three generations of Qi Jian, Qi Xuan and Qi Jingtong. Evidence from, proves that Dongping is Qi Jiguang’s ancestral home, while Penglai is only the place where Qi Bin will be an official for generations to come, and can only be called Hakka or Wei.
3. Interview with Qi Jiguang’s ancestral home from Dongping
Interview with Yin Chengqian
Yin Chengqian (unit and position: former director of Laiwu City History and Records Office interview location: Laiwu CPPCC office building)
In 1989, Taian Municipal Party Committee, Municipal Government, and cadres of organizing agencies went to the township Suspended, I was assigned to Daimiao Township. I went to work in the village during the period. When I went to Qigai Village, I suddenly found "Qi Family Tree". Because Qi Jiguang was a famous anti-Japanese general, he was very interested in this information. During this period, I went to Kunshan to conduct investigations. The masses said that there is Qi Jiguang's tomb here, which happened to be confirmed with the information and went there for more than 20 years. Just recently, Shandong Province compiled a regional cultural overview. Professor Li Boqi, as a special editor of the province, divided the three volumes of Liaocheng, Tai'an, and Laiwu. During the discussion, I talked to Professor Li about Qi Jiguang’s family tree. Professor Li was very interested. . Later, Professor Li and Dongping's leadership, experts and scholars in this field conducted discussions. There is no problem with the information. There is a genealogy. Dongping also has a village named by the surname Qi, and there are also descendants here, and he found his grandfather’s cemetery. There are information. In addition, there are folk legends in this area. At the same time, There are also legends in Liangshan, Jining and other places in this regard. At present, from the chain of evidence, it is relatively sufficient.
Interview Record 2
Jiang Guangzhi (unit and position: former director of Dongping County History Office Interview location: Luoguanzhong Memorial Hall, Dongping Street)
As a member of the investigation team of Qi Jiguang's hometown of Dongping County CPPCC, I have visited hundreds of Qi family ancestors in the past three years People, found seven or eight Qi family ancestor genealogy, and visited places where Qi Jiguang and his ancestors had activities, including Dingyuan, Anhui, Penglai, Yantai, Shandong, and Luqiao, Jining, etc., and consulted a lot of literature. After research with relevant experts and scholars, it is believed that Qi Jiguang was born in Luqiao, but then he returned along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to the old house Qijialou in Dongping Mountain. Qi Jiguang's household registration is in Dongping but not in Luqiao. In fact, the Weishan County Annals have never included Qi Jiguang as a local celebrity.
Qi Jiguang, the sixth ancestor of Qi Jiguang, lived in Dingyuan County before Yuanwei, but it was only one of his ancestral homes.
Penglai was the hereditary official land of the Qi family for six generations, but it was not a fief, not his native place, because the households of the Ming DynastyRegistration is divided into military, civil and craftsman registration. Soldiers' household registration is in the military headquarters, not in the local area, just like serving as a soldier and working in other places.
has lived in Dongping since the great-grandfather of Qi Jiguang. After Qi Jiguang himself died of illness, his ancestors were also buried behind the Jinshan Mountain in Yinshan Town, Dongping. Therefore, Dongping is the hometown of Qi Jiguang.
Interview Three
Li Xueping (native place: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County Interview Location: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town)
There is a tomb (at the time) one and a half meters high, and there is a stele in front of the tomb, which is half a meter high. In 1954, when I went to school in Liangshan, I talked about history and the national hero Qi Jiguang. I went to the tomb to take a look on Sunday. In 1961, stones were placed on the canal embankment and the stele was pulled away. By the Cultural Revolution in 1966, the rebels broke it (the tomb), then went down to open the tomb, and there were still miles of quilt! Once opened, it broke up in the wind, so the coffin was lifted up and the brigade used it in a well. The (cemetery) has become the Chuan Niu Farm. The Qi family has the South Forest and the North Forest, covering an area of 80 acres. The descendants of Qi Lou come to burn paper in the Qi family, and they burn paper every year. There is the Qi’s house in the west. I was playing on the wall when I was young. My grandfather said to me: This is the Qi’s building, and Qi Jiguang died on the upper floor. There is a forest gate in the south forest of Qi's family. The carts used to walk under the forest gate. In 1962, the Yangshui Station here was withdrawn. To the north of Nanlin is Qijiawa. There is no surname Qi in my village, but Qijialin (cemetery) is here.
Interview Four:
Qi Dianliang (native place: Xiqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County, Interview Location: Xiqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County)
According to the old man, there are three graves here, and his hometown is Kunshan. Among them was Qi Zhen's wife Ni, whose tomb was at the south of Kanghuigou Road at that time, and here was Laolin. I must remember very clearly that the distance from the monument to the grave is more than 40 meters. My grandfather Qi Guangquan once took me swimming in this ditch.
Interview Record 5
Zhang Dezhu (Hometown: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County Interview Address: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County)
I am from Kunshan and my name is Zhang Dezhu. This tomb is more than ten meters in diameter, and I know it is Qi Jiguang’s grave It turned out that there was a stele that said "General Zhaoyong" was a general anyway. The door was arched. The stele was 80 cm wide and 1 meter high. The tomb is very large, the size of a room, and it is deep. At that time, I didn't dare to go down. When I found out, I was in my 20s. (It turned out) this was a wasteland. Qi Jiguang's tomb was certain.
Interview 6
Ren Baocheng (native place: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County Interview location: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County)
During the Cultural Revolution, I was a militia company commander. This place is Qijialin (land). The tomb (tomb) is very large. At that time, the Red Guards broke the tomb. I saw it in person. The coffin was hung inside and the iron chain was hanging. At that time, the Red Guards also picked up some cultural relics, jade bracelets, jade plate fingers, etc., all lost. There is also a monument that says "General Zhaoyong", which is indeed the case.
Interview 7
Zhang Chuanlei (Unit: Yinshan Town Government, Dongping County Interview Location: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County)
There is a building on the west side of Kunshan Village called West Building. The villagers listened to the older generation’s saying that Qi Jiguang was swallowing gold in the West Building. dead.
The current Kunshan was originally called Kunshan. It was named after King Zhou Mu was trapped in this mountain when he hunted, and the word Kunshan was changed to Kunshan because of the taboo. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were people surnamed Feng who lived here, so it was called Feng Kunshan. Because the Feng family is a big family, the nearby Nantangzi Village is also called Fengtangzi Village.
Zhao Xihuan in Kunshan Village dug a bronze sword more than ten years ago, and the sword is not far from the tomb of General Zhenwei Qi Jiguang.
Interview Record 8
Lu Chunshi (Hometown: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County Interview Address: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County)
Kunshan Village is where Qi's family lives. Here is Qi's family and then Feng's family, Qi Jialin is located South hillside. In 1955, someone from Qi's family came to burn paper. At that time, Qi Wanzhen (the landlord) brought someone to burn paper. They burned the paper first in Nanshan, Kunshan Village, and then in Beishan.
The head of the tomb is in the south of the village. There are stones on the head of the tomb. The body and cap of the tomb are a whole, 1.5 meters high. The monument cap is a tiger head cap. The words "Tomb of Qi Family" are written on the stele, and the stele heads to the south and south Linmen, and above the Linmen is "Tomb of Qi Family".
Once a group of students from Wangtai County came here to dig up the grave in 1977. I went down to the tomb at noon. There was a small soil bed at the southwest corner of the tomb. There are some words on the west side. I couldn't remember them clearly. I only remembered the line "Dongpingzhou, at the foot of Kunshan". It is said that the North Tomb is the tomb of Grandpa Qi Jiguang.
I still remember the earliest site of Qijialou, 100 meters away from the current Kunshan Village Committee Office. At that time, when digging a canal, I dug tombstones.
has a tomb just east of the current village committee office, that is, to the west of the resident Zhang Dezhu. There are two "hanging coffins" in the tomb, and there are monuments on the tombs. I don't know where the monuments are now.
Interview Record Nine
Qu Chuanhua (Hometown: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County Interview Location: Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County)
I remember there are two hanging coffins here (in front of Kunshan), and only the hanging coffin is left when I remember Beams and thick iron chains for hanging coffins.
Five or six years ago, my son used a copper belt hook to make money in a nearby lake, and he kept it at home.
Interview Record 10
Qi Yanlian (Hometown: Qilou Village, Shouzhangji Township, Liangshan County Interview Location: Qilou Village, Shouzhangji Township, Liangshan County)
My grandfather's name is Qi Wanqi, who died in 1982 at the age of 86 and was alive Shi was very worried about Qi's (family) genealogy. He was illiterate and had not gone to school. For Qi Jiguang’s monument, he found a few literate people, found a few pieces of paper, and recorded the monument (text). Printed) came down. My grandfather once said that Qi Jiguang captured the Japanese pirate's warm light, not dedicated to the emperor, but was taken part by traitorous officials and demoted grandfather Qi Jiguang to his hometown. He returned to his hometown and died in Kunshan.
Interview Record Eleven:
Qi Yichun (Hometown: Qigai Village, Daimiao Town, Dongping County Interview Location: Qigai Village, Daimiao Town, Dongping County)
In the 1950s, all of us Qi people went to Kunshan to burn paper.
Qijiawa is south of Kunshan Bazi and east of Maoshan. It is the land of the Qi family. It was occupied by the Guo family and the grave was leveled. In the 1950s, the Guo family and the Qi family were brought to the Heze Intermediate Court due to land disputes.
has a hanging coffin in Kunshan, hung with iron chains.
According to older generations, Grandpa Qi Jiguang was copied because of "Wen Liang Zhan". The warm pot is like the current kettle. The Wen Liang Zhan was obtained by Grandpa Jiguang during the war, and was not handed over to the court, so he was dismissed and returned to his hometown for this reason.
In the early days of liberation, there were 207 people in Qigai Village. There were very few people with foreign surnames. There were only three foreign surnames, all of whom lived in the family's home.
Interview Record 12
Qi Chengming (native place: Xiqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County Interview Location: Xiqi Village, Liangshan County)
I have seen a grave here, and I discovered it when I was digging the anti-Japanese ditch. There are two hanging coffins (husband and wife coffin) in the tomb, and there are many stone sculptures in the south of the tomb. I remember the hopeful monkey (1), the stone drum (1, about four to five hundred jin) on the eighth floor of the monument (1 ), where the stone drum is still in existence.
Interview Record 13
Qi Yansheng (Hometown: Qilou, Shouzhangji Township, Liangshan County, Interview Location: Qilou, Shouzhangji Township, Liangshan County)
All of us descendants went to Kunshan Qijialin to burn paper at Qingming and 11 o'clock before liberation. At that time, Qi Wanren, Qi Yuzhai, Qi Chengyun, and Qi Chengping led future generations to Qijialin. It was a few years ago, and in 1958, Qi Kailang, who died, used a carriage to drive us.
Qi Jiguang's stele is in the north of Jinshan, called Beilin, and Qi's grave is called Nanlin in the south of Kunshan. At that time, many celebrities from the Qi family went to Beilin to burn paper and rubbed the inscription down. Only when
sorted out some materials such as the inscriptions and other inscriptions in the 23rd of the Republic of China, the "Qi Family Tree" was organized and perfected.
Interview Fourteen
Qi Fupeng (native place: Dalukou Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County Interview Location: Dalukou Village, Liangshan County)
According to the "Qi Family Tree", Qi Jiguang was buried in Kunshan after his death, in Jiguang A monument was erected in front of the old man’s tomb. The old man Jiguang was politically excluded. After the death of the old ancestor, the descendants of us moved to Qijiazhuang, Liangshan for fear of being affected.
Now Dalukou is divided into Dongqi, Xiqi, and Qijia. These are all branched from the Qi family. Although we descendants left Kunshan for refuge, we all went to Kunshan before the liberation to give them to the tomb of the ancestors of Jiguang. Burn paper. z3During the liberation of z
, there was a big household in Qilou Village named Qi Wanren. When he burned paper in Kunshan, he rubbed the inscription down. I wonder if the rubbings are still there.
Interview Record 15
Qi Wanxian (Dongqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County, interview location: Dongqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County)
When I was 19 years old, I went to Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, and I was in Kunshan Village at that time The old man who looked after Qi Jialin was called Zhang Wenchuan, and his son was Zhang Minglun.
At that time, there was a stele on Qi's Beilin. The body of the stele was very large. The front of the stele was engraved with the words "Tomb of General Qi", and there was no word on the back of the stele. The tomb of
Qi used is on the Beilin after Jinshan. There is a stele in front of the tomb. Remember to engrave the words "Dongping Road, Xucheng County, Beifeng Kunshan Village" on the stele, and there is also a big stone gate on the Beilin. The words "Tomb of Qi Family" are engraved on the stone gate.
Qi Jiguang's father is Qi Shijing, and Qi Jiguang has three brothers. Jiguang is the eldest son. He has two brothers named Qi Baitong and Qi Dongyue.
Qi Jiguang's son is Qi Zhen, and his wife is in Xiqi. Qi Zhen has three sons called Hantai, Hanhe and Hanchun. Qi Zhen was also buried in a hanging coffin when Qi Zhen died.
According to what others said and I recalled, Qi Quan's tomb may also be after Jinshan, but during the Cultural Revolution, the tombs of Qi Jiguang, Qi Yong, and Qi Quan were all destroyed.
Interview Record 16
Qi Xueyun (Hometown: Dongqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County Interview Location: Dongqi Village, Dalukou Township, Liangshan County)
There was a tombstone of Qi Jiguang's ancestor in Kunshan Village at that time, and the monument was very large, according to my grandpa Said that I had burned paper at that time, and Qi Wanxian, an old man in Dongqi, also went there often, but I can't remember some specific circumstances at that time.
According to the old people, there is a large area of Qijialin in Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town. My grandfather recalled that there was a tombstone in a room at that time. There was also an old man named Qi Chengcun who went with my grandfather. Over 90 years old, now lives in Dongqi Village.
In addition to the above oral historical materials, there are other related historical materials that prove that Qi Jiguang's ancestral home is Dongping. Kunshan Village, also known as Kunshan Village, formerly known as Kunshan Village, according to "Dongping Zhouzhi" records: "Kunshan, forty miles northwest of the state, there is a horse racing spring, the old legend is that the king of Zhou traveled to this place, and it was a Kakusuo. Suffering, suffering and no water, the horse plows the ground to get the spring, because of the difficulty of the mountain." Later, the villagers thought that the name was "difficult" and was not lucky, so they changed to "Kun" (or Kun). Backed by Kunshan is Nantangzi Village, also known as Nantang Village, and the number Qi Jiguang Nantang is just in line with the characteristics of the ancient people's name based on the residential environment. In addition, at the end of 2019, the Sixth Year of the Apocalypse (1626) was discovered in the mouth village of Jishanhou, Dongping. The "Houdiji Temple Stele" written by Yu Dayou , the traces of "Yu Long Qihu" appeared in the Dongyuan land at the same time It proves the origin of Qi Jiguang and Dongping.
Kunshan (Kunshan) is the location of the Qi family’s ancestral tomb, but there are no Qi family members in the nearby villages. The descendants of the Qi family are mostly in the nearby Daimiao Township of Dongping County and Shouzhangji and Dalukou in Liangshan County. township. It is said that the local family with the surname Guo invaded and occupied the Qi family's (ancestral tomb) property. The lawsuit was protracted because the surname Guo was too strong and fought for years to no avail. According to the old man Li Xueping: "In 1947, forty or fifty men from the Qi family in Liangshan County came to ask for woodland from the Guo family. The lawsuit was still fighting until after liberation. At that time, a member of the Intermediate Court. The dean is a local, and the local concept prompted the dean to lean towards the township party, so he threatened the descendants of Qi and said that we can’t ask about this lawsuit here. You must go to the Shanghai East China Court to fight. As a result, I think of Shanghai Far away, the descendants of the Qi family retreated when they knew it was difficult. In order to destroy the evidence, the local people levelled the Qi family’s grave, smashed and buried the Qi family’s stone stele. After that, the people’s commune was implemented, and the lawsuit ended."
Recently, the author visited Dingyuan County, Anhui, Luqiao Town, Weishan, Jining, and Penglai, Shandong. The staff of the Party History Office of Dingyuan, Anhui and the museum staff determined that Dingyuan had no historical materials related to Qi Jiguang. There was a statue of Qi Jiguang in the park near the county museum. The locals claimed that the buried below was an old Red Army. According to a driver surnamed Shen in Dingyuan County, there was an original statue of Qi Jiguang on the square in front of the bus station in Dingyuan County. It was stolen by a trailer and a crane at night in a certain place in Shandong ten years ago, and there was no related unit in Dingyuan. To pursue it, but set up a new statue of Qi Jiguang at the north gate, claiming that the original statue was moved to the north.door.
In Weishan County, Jining, when the author interviewed the staff of the Weishan County Party History and History Office about Weishan Qi Jiguang’s historical materials, the staff said that the only existing historical materials in Weishan County Records that Qi Jiguang was born in Shandong On the bridge, an old man said that he came to Penglai during the period of Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jingtong. There is no historical data about Qi Jiguang in other places, including Luqiao Town.
In Penglai City, Shandong Province, the author visited dozens of Penglai local elderly people and visited the hometown of Qi Jiguang in Penglai. Many of these elderly people did not know about Qi Jiguang's family deeds. One of them said that he came to Penglai when Qi Jiguang's father, Qi Jingtong, and they had never heard of Qi Jingtong's previous family figures. In the Penglai Qi Jiguang's hometown exhibition hall, there are basically no objects of the Ming Dynasty, only a few scattered stone foundations and stone pillars are like Ming Dynasty. In the newly built Qi Jiguang Memorial Hall in Penglai Scenic Area, there is no evidence that Penglai is the hometown of Qi Jiguang. The interpretation of the term hometown is: 's hometown is the place where he or his parents were born and lived for a long time. Penglai can only be said to be the place where Qi Jiguang once worked and lived, and Dongping is Qi Jiguang's ancestral home and hometown.
4. Research on historical data related to Qi Jiguang's ancestral home in Dongping
At present, the historical data related to the Qi family and Dongping form a complete chain of evidence. In addition, the author still needs to explain a few questions so that readers can better understand the evidence.
(1) Textual research on relevant historical inscriptions
1. Textual research on the epitaph of Qi Quan. "Qiquan Epitaph" (1.2 meters long and 0.9 meters wide), the first paragraph of "Etaph" says:
is a native of North Fengkunshan Village, Xideng Township, Xucheng County, Dongping Prefecture, Dayuan County.
Confucius said: Life is a matter of ritual; death is a ritual of funeral, and a sacrifice is made. Cloud: The beauty of coffins and furnishings is why they are buried.
Qi Quan's name in the epitaph is as follows: Chu Gong (Qi Jingtong). There are two sons listed under Chu Gong's name, namely: Chang, Buddha Nan, Ci, Dao Tong.
In addition, his wife Dong's name is the following four women, and the eldest sister is deceased, and there are still second, third, and fourth sisters.
"Etaph" inscription: Xin Mao Hitachi in the past year and month. The epitaph of
format is consistent with the way of recording family relations in the epitaph of Jinyi Zhaojun in Qi Jiguang's "Zhizhitang Ji". Regarding the written record of Qi Quan’s epitaph "bei Feng Kunshan Village, Xideng Township, Xucheng County, Dayuan Dongping Mansion", it can be explained that the Qi family came to live in Dongping during the Yuan Dynasty, and the village in which they lived can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, although Dongping was at the level of roads, the folks still used to call it the government along Xi’s. The Xucheng area became a scattered government after 1268 (to the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty), and the administrative district in the Yuan Dynasty was called extremely chaotic, and government and roads were mixed. The phenomenon is extremely common. After examining the pictures, Professor Zhang Xiwei of Shandong University believed that the rubbings were fluent in writing, citing classics, and the writers of the instructions were not low-level. He also believed that the epitaph of Qi Quan was a rare physical evidence for the study of Qi Jiguang’s ancestral home. Professor Zhang asked the author to make detailed research on the unearthed situation of the epitaph, including the site of excavation, time, and current status of the tomb.
According to Qi Jiguang’s Chronicles, Qi Jiguang’s father, Qi Jingtong, inherited the post of commander of Dengzhouwei after Qi Quan’s death. As for the exact date of Qi Quan's death, it was 30 years after Qi Ning's death (at the age of 6 Qi Jingtong), that is, the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), which completely coincides with the time on the epitaph of Qi Quan. That year, Qi Jingtong was 36 years old. As for where Qi Quan was buried after his death, the historical materials we have come into contact with so far are unclear. The epitaph unearthed in Dongping is enough to fill this historical gap.
2. The anti-Japanese deeds of Dongping's "Wang Family Tree Stele". keeps the "Wang Family Tree Stele" in Kunshan Village, Yinshan Town, Dongping County (the stele has been moved to Wanggudian Village, Jiuxian Township due to local road construction). The inscription records: "The ancestor Yingtianfu Tiebanqiao people, rebel soldiers The Taizu Zuoming suppressed the trespasses, inherited the thousands of households in Dongping, and then moved to Dongping. In the 35th year of Jiajing, the three of the Seventh Ancestor went to Pinghu County, Zhejiang Province and other places to kill thieves such as Xinwulang...". The inscription behind the inscription describes the deeds of the Wang clan fighting against the Japanese and the historical facts of the Wang clan moving to Dongping. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, in the southern team to fight against Japanese pirates, the generals who belonged to the Dongping Shouyu Thousand Households were also ordered to participate in the fight against Japanese in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Qi Jiguang went to Zhejiang to fight against Japanese in Dengzhou from Dengzhou in 35 years. Combining with various current historical materials, it can be seen that the Qi family often live along the canal. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, soldiers along BeijingThe north-south flow along the Hang Canal is a common phenomenon. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the paramilitary management of the canal was carried out. According to the "Ming Huidian" records, Shandong had 23 guards in the Ming Dynasty, and there were 8 guards including Yanzhou Guard, Jining Guard, Jining Zuowei, Renchengwei, Liaocheng Pingshan Guard, Dongchangwei, Dezhou Guard, and Dezhou Zuowei along the canal. The central government has also set up 14 specially guarded thousand households in Shandong. There are three guarded thousand households in Tengzhou, Feicheng, and Dongping along the Shandong Canal. The Guarding Thousand Households is a special establishment in the Ming Dynasty guarding system. It is not under the guard, but directly under the command and envoy, and its level is the same as that of the guard. The first ancestor of the Qi family migrated from Taian to Dingyuan, Anhui. Later, Qi Bin migrated from the south to Jining. Qi Jian moved from Jining to Dongping. Qi Jiguang was born in Luqiao, Jining. Combining the above, it can be concluded that the Qi family is along the canal. The conclusion of the activity.
In addition, briefly list the sources and households of sergeants in the Ming Dynasty. The main sources of sergeants in the Ming Dynasty mainly fall into the following three categories: first, conscripts, the direct line of troops that rebelled with the Ming Taizu in the early years; second, surrendering, the surrendered at the end of the Yuan Dynasty separatist army and Yuan dynasty officials; third, dismissal: Criminals were exempted from death and used as soldiers (also known as "Envoys" or "Longevity Army"); fourth, Duoji, after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a group of civilian households were recruited as troops by compulsory means. All the sergeants of the
guard station have separate household registrations and are called military households. The military status is divided into different systems by the chief of the Dudufu and the civil registration by the household department. The characteristics of military households are that father and son, brothers have succeeded each other, and they have served as the army for generations. There must be one person in each military household serving in a designated guard, called the Zhengjun, and the children of the Zhengjun are called Yu Ding (junyu). The guards of the Zhengjun may not be near their place of origin. They are often far apart. Go with his wife and a Yu Ding. If the main army died, the Yu Ding was replaced. If there is no Yu Ding at home, the Ding Ding of his tribe must also be removed, called "Gou Jun". Based on the above common sense, to study the issue of Qi Jiguang's ancestral home, it is necessary to combine the law of family activities and the system at the time, rather than just talk about Qi Jiguang's personal life and deeds in general.
(2) Qi Jiguang's works are related to Dongping
Qi Jiguang's works are mainly distributed in "Horizontal Draft" and "Fool and Stupid Draft" . Wanli ten years (1582), when Qi Jiguang was fifty-five years old, Qi Jiguang compiled five volumes of poems and essays written over the years, namely "Heng Li Draft" in three volumes and "Fool-Fool Draft" in two volumes, collectively called "Zhizhi" Tang Ji" . Qi Jiguang asked Guo Chaobin, a Wen Shang resident who had served as the minister of the Ministry of Industry, to write the preface. Guo Chaobin (1513-1585) is a native of Zhibai Village, Yuanzhuang Town, Wenshang County. He was a Jinshi in the 14th year of Jiajing (1535). He served as the head of the household department, a doctor, the governor of Datong, the chief envoy of Henan and Shaanxi, Shuntian Fu Yin, and Zhejiang. Governor and other posts. Guo Chaobin was promoted to the Ministry of Industry in the second year of Wanli (1574), and in the fifth year of Wanli (1577), he was discharged from the Ministry of Workers. At the same time, in the first month of the second year of Wanli (1574), Qi Jiguang was promoted to Governor of the Left. In September of the seventh year of Wanli (1579), Qi Jiguang was named the Prince Taibao. Qi Jiguang at this time can be described as the first military attache. With Qi Jiguang's prestige at that time, the person who prefaced him must be a close friend, relatives and friends, township party, teacher, or current dignitaries. It is precisely this preface that connects Qi Jiguang and Guo Chaobin. Qi Jiguang was born in Luqiao, Jining, and his ancestral home is Dongping Kunshan, and Guo Chaobin was born in Wenshang, Jining. The three are on the verge of geographical location, and there is bound to be a township.
Guo Chaobin mentioned in the "Preface": "The "Horizontal Manuscript", the public upholds the air of eagles, and the ambition of death and suicide. In the teacher, where vows, sacrifices, triumphs, mourning, travels, and gifts Answer, it expresses thoughts and manages to form chapters because of things, so his writing can be traced back to the past, and his generosity is in line with the law." Guo Chaobin's evaluation of Qi Jiguang is also under the rules, and there is no air of admiration, so it should be. Guo Chaobin's mature and respectful character and pertinent character are what attracted Qi Jiguang to hand over his personal collection to him for preface.
The first part of "Hengqi Draft" is a poem, and the middle and the second part are articles: the second part is mainly daily essays such as prologue, chronicle, epitaph, and the second part is mainly sacrificial essays, announcements, and pledges. In "Fool and Stupid Draft", the first part except "Jing Jie" is a personal interpretation of the scriptures, and the rest are mostly excerpts from the reading of military books; the second part is mainly short stories and miscellaneous theories, the former records rare strange experiences or hearsays. Things, with the color of yin bird of prey. These legends and essays are bizarre, and they can better reflect Qi Jiguang's views on the times. By combing these works comprehensively, the following information can be extracted.
•First, the active areas of the writing objects of these works are mainly concentrated in the Luxi area, which involves economicNing, Taian, Henan, Jining Rencheng, etc. Through these clues, it can be seen that a general who fought in the South and the North has positioned his important memory in this area, which must have an important relationship with his growth experience.
•Second, the summary of "Zhizhitang Ji" in "Quanshu of Siku" is: "Qi Jiguang had the power of Ping Japanese, and he was promoted as a good general at the time. The poems were also good for Jin Yan and Zhao Zhiyin, and in the miscellaneous theory, there are more and more Yin 骘Retributions, gods and strange things are inevitably biased." Looking at Qi Jiguang's poems, the style is strong and vigorous, impassioned, without pretentiousness, and a general demeanor. The essay also implies his own unique life metaphor, through karma to reflect his hatred of shrews, greedy people, and bad social habits. The language style of the full text is similar to that of Dongpinghuxi's hearty and vigorous language.
(3) Looking at the ancestral home of Qi Jiguang from the "Heng Li Draft·Fen Huang Jiwen", he agrees that Qi Jiguang used to call him different hometowns on different occasions, and his attitude of changing his hometown constantly reveals Qi Jiguang's unspeakable concealment of his personal ancestry. The most representative sacrificial essay of Qi Jiguang's work "Zhizhitang Ji" is the "Hengqi Draft·Fenhuang Sacrificial Essay". Through this sacrificial essay, you can see why Qi Jiguang has changed his hometown many times.
•The content of the first sacrificial article is: "In the fourth year of Longqing, on the first day of the year, the seventh generation of the official Sun Jiguang, who used the ritual of the concubine's rigid wax and soft hair, dared to tell the ancestor Kaofu Jun and the ancestor Wang Gongren. The family, the second ancestor of the ancestor, the second ancestor of the ancestor Han, the Gaozu Kaofu, the ancestor of the Kaofu Zhou, the Liu family, the first ancestor of the Kaofu, the uncle of the ancestor Ma said: Si Yuxiu Sun Guangfu class, Shameful (ashamed) Jiqiu, Linrong, Wuyue, Minchu and Chu’s emptiness, has been relocated to this Jiu. Those who fail to pay respects to the cemetery are almost twenty innocents.”
From this sacrificial article, it can be seen that Qi Jiguang worshipped the ancestors of the Qi family. They are: the first generation ancestor Qi Xiang and his wife Wang family, the second generation ancestor Qi Bin and his wife Han family, the third generation ancestor Qi Gui and his wife Zhou family, Liu family, and the uncle and his wife Ma family.
•The content of the second sacrificial article reads: "An official great-grandson, Jiguang, dare to inform the great ancestor Kao Fu Jun, great ancestor Li family, Zu Kao Fu Jun, and ancestral grandson in the ritual of mere wax and soft hair. Yan family, Xiankao Zhishan Fujun, concubine Zhang family, Shengmao Wang clan said: The light is not Xiao, go to Qiulong from Bingchen, to serve the southeast....The three generations of Xiande gave Tejinrong to the next generation. Dr. Lu, the right governor; the concubine Xian had to give a gift to his wife. He favored the army, and illuminated the night room. However, after the United States and Syria, he was also awarded the Jinshan guerrilla general. It is all my ancestors, benevolent and good. There is Chuxi; Yu Lieqing, the prince of Zhishan Mansion, is not full of virtue, so the imperial administration will be postponed to Hou Yin and reported to my ancestors."
can be seen from the second sacrificial article: the object of sacrifice is the great ancestors Jian and his wife Li, grandfather Qi Ning and his wife Yan, father Qi Jingtong and his wife Zhang and Wang.
Check the traces of Qi Jiguang during the Longqing period. In February of the third year of Longqing (1569), the court appointed Qi Jiguang as prime minister and guarded Jizhou, Yongping, Shanhai and other places. Qi Jiguang asked to build a hollow defense platform. In March, Qi Jiguang was promoted to the right governor. Starting in the spring, Qi Jiguang deployed soldiers and began to build platforms, repair walls, and build defense projects along the Great Wall. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), Qi Jiguang was rewarded by the imperial court for building a hollow building, Taiwan University. In this year, Qi Jiguang was mainly active in Jizhou, Yongping, and Shanhaiguan. When the sacrifice was held, Qi Jiguang had already been promoted to the right governor, the official residence was the first rank, and his main activities were guarding Jizhou and Shanhaiguan. In this regard, there are several issues that need special attention.
◆The first question is about the burial place of Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jingtong. The memorial article mentions Zhishan Fujun, and Qi Jingtong’s burial place should have an important relationship with Zhishan.
"The Chronicles of Qi Shaobao Senior" records: "Guisi in the 12th year of Jiajing, Jia Yan was six years old. The father of Xiaolian Mansion moved to the capital of Daning, and the mother of Zeng Zeng returned to Li..." "Jiajing seventeen years Ding You, Jia Yan is eleven years old. The eldest father Xiaolian Mansion told his adoptive mother to find and bury the elder mother, Mrs. Wangtai, on the side of Zhishan. First, when the eldest father was Daning, Mrs. Zeng's mother, Mrs. Yantai, had returned to the east. Thinking of her mother will continue, but she will end up raising her. She has to pay Shandong to support her relatives." The doctor Xiaolian Fu mentioned in the article is Qi Jingtong. Zeng's mother Yan and Wang are the wives of Qi Jingtong’s biological father, Qi Ning. . Yan passed away when Qi Jiguang was fourteen years old. He was eighty-seven years old. At this time, Qi Jingtong in Daningdu, Shanxi (located in present-day Inner Mongolia and Hebei) could not bring the Yan family to Rensuo, and the "guili" and "donggui" mentioned here should be from the ancestral home of Dongping in Shandong. Dengzhou.
◆SecondA question about the title of Zhishan Fujun. Chronicles: When Qi Jiguang was twenty-seven years old, because Qi Jingtong and his wife Zhang had not been buried together according to the ancestral system, "then the Queen Mother (Jiguang's birth mother) was born and Bu Ji was buried together in the sun of Zu Zhaozhi Mountain" . Qi Jingtong was not buried together in accordance with the ancestral system. The problem is obvious. Qi Jingtong was not buried in the ancestral tomb of Kunshan in Dongping, but built a new tomb in Penglaizhishan. Otherwise, there is no need to sacrifice separately when offering sacrifices.
Synthesizing the above materials, the reason why the Qi family's activity track in Dongping Kunshan has been downplayed in the documents recorded by Qi Jiguang, one of the most important things is the psychological identification of the ancient Chinese for adoptiveness. With all the above historical materials, one problem that cannot be avoided is that Qi Jingtong inherited the post of his uncle Qi Xuan (Qi Ning). Without Qi Jingtong’s succession, there would be no later Qi Jiguang’s post as the Governor of the Left. However, the problem that comes with it is the trouble caused by burial after death. According to Chinese funeral customs, Qi Jingtong should be buried near Qi Quan’s tomb after his death. Qi Jingtong was the son of Qi Quan’s rites, but Qi Jingtong and Qi Jiguang did not want to do this. Instead, he returned to his biological father, Qi Ning, one hundred years later.
At the same time, during the Zhengde and Jiajing reigns of the Ming Dynasty, the Jiajing emperor’s "grand ritual discussion" disputes, the Jiajing emperor inherited the throne with a minor heir. In order to improve the title of his biological parents, he carried out the "modified ceremony" and "grand ritual discussion "The result will certainly provide support for Qi Jingtong and Qi Jiguang to change the patriarchal relationship.
In the traditional feudal ritual law, Qi Jing passed Jiwei Qi Xuan (Quan), Qi Jiguang is the grandson of Qi Xuan (Quan) patriarchal clan system, but Qi Jiguang’s mental state is to return to his grandfather Qi Ning, and try to weaken his relationship with Qi Xuan. (Quan) relationship, so that Qi Jingtong and his personal follow Qi Ning buried together after death. Qi Jingtong tried to establish a new burial site in the Weisuo, and buried his mother Yan and his wife in Zhishan, so that he could justify weakening the facts of his adoption, and his own branch was updated in the feudal ritual law. Orthodox. In addition, it can be seen from the second sacrificial essay that Qi Jiguang sacrificed Qi Jian, Qi Ning, and Qi Jingtong separately, and that the title of Qi Jiguang given by the court to Qi Jiguang for the previous three generations was always higher than Qi Xuan (Qi Quan). These issues are clearly explained, making Qi Jiguang's ancestral home Dongping a conclusive conclusion.
To sum up, a branch of the Qi family of moved from Rencheng County, Jeju to live in Kunshan Mountain in Dongping since 1337 (Yuan Dynasty to the third year of the Yuan Dynasty). Dongping is the hometown of Dongping and Penglai is the hometown of Qi family or Wei. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to ensure the military service commitment of the guards, population reproduction, land distribution, and the inheritance of official posts, the family status between the home and the guards usually kept in contact for one to two hundred years. This phenomenon was extremely common in the Ming Dynasty. has formed a complete chain of evidence based on the tombs of Qi Jian, Qi Quan, and Qi Jiguang that can be tested in Dongping, as well as related genealogy, oral history, literary works, images, language styles, and clan relations. It is Qi Jiguang's ancestral home and hometown.
