Liu Chan is the eldest son of Liu Bei, the second emperor of the Shuhan regime of the Three Kingdoms and also the emperor of the subjugated kingdom. Liu Chan is the emperor with the longest reign in the Three Kingdoms period and the emperor with the most controversy.
is controversial because there are so many completely different things that happened to Liu Chan. Some people say that Liu Chan is incompetent because when Deng Aibing came to the city, Liu Chan, as the supreme ruler, was not only unable to stabilize the situation, but also nothing. Without the will to resist, you will drop without a fight.
Some people say that Liu Chan is very wise and foolish, because after Liu Chan surrendered, he deceived the cunning Sima Zhao by his appearance stupidity, thus winning his life. In fact, this statement is totally untenable .
First of all, from the results, Liu Chan is a king of subjugation. Even if a king of subjugation has the ability, the whole country will still die in his hands. Moreover, as a ruler of Shuhan for 40 years The emperor of China, who has been ruling for such a long time, perishes in the hands of Liu Chan. As the supreme ruler, Liu Chan does not bear the responsibility. Who will carry the black pot of the demise of the Shu Han? Zhuge Liang? Jiang Wei?
Liu Chan is not like Liu Xie. He is not a complete puppet emperor. Even if Zhuge Liang is in power, Liu Chan has considerable power. This can be known from Liu Chan’s attitude towards Zhuge Liang after Zhuge Liang’s death. Liu Chan built Zhuge Liang in Han. He also treated Zhuge Liang’s family well to the sacrificial temple, married his daughter to Zhuge Liang’s son Zhuge Zhan, and vigorously promoted Zhuge Zhan who had no merit, all of which confirmed the loyalty of Zhuge Liang in assisting Liu Chan in the first place. The flesh is long, if Zhuge Liang as a power minister vigorously suppressed the emperor, Liu Chan would retaliate after Zhuge Liang's death, but not.
Some people always say that the demise of the Shuhan is not Liu Chan’s responsibility, but Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei’s responsibility. Because they are military and military, they have been fighting all year round and consumed the national power of the Shuhan, so the Shuhan finally perishes. On this question, let me just say one thing. Wouldn't the Shu Han perish without Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition? Look at the Soochow next door. Did they expedition to the north? But the end result?
Because the strength of the Wei Dynasty in the north was there, even if Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei did not expedite the Northern Expedition, they would still be destroyed by Cao Wei after a long period of time. However, during the period of Liu Chan's reign, this kind of destruction was accelerated. There were mainly two Reason:
One is Liu Chan's employment.
Jiang Wan and Fei Yi are Zhuge Liang’s successors recommended before his death. The two of them have been in power for 19 years. This is counted as Zhuge Liang’s political legacy. After that, the Shu Han government became darker and darker, and Liu Chan's employment became worse and worse, so that even the eunuchs who used power were regarded as cronies and became the people who controlled the government. And when Jiang Wei impeached the eunuch Huang Hao, Liu Chan tried his best to defend the eunuch Huang. Hao.
This shows that Liu Chan’s employment is problematic. If this continues, with Huang Hao’s dictatorship, the Shu Han’s foreign military and politics have to be determined by divination. This is a very absurd thing, and it is impossible to perish. .
The second is Liu Chan's ability to govern the country.
Liu Chan is an emperor without power and desire. During Zhuge Liang's administration, he was only responsible for sacrifices. During Jiang Wan and Fei Yi's administration, Liu Chan didn't care much, except for occasionally giving Jiang Wan an edict asking him to send troops. Outside of the Northern Expedition, Liu Chan had very few other matters of governing the country and dealing with government affairs. It gave people the impression that Liu Chan, as an emperor, was not very in charge of affairs. Therefore, major affairs in the court fell into the hands of the eunuch. This is not the second one. Eastern Han? At this level, Liu Chan couldn't shake the pot. Can Liu Chan's level of governance not perish?
Secondly, let’s talk about what Liu Chan calls "great wisdom as foolishness"?
is to pretend to be stupid in front of Sima Zhao. It seems that he deceived Sima Zhao not to kill him. People who understand history will know that from Qin Shihuang unified the world to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, except for Zhao Gao to kill Qin Er Outside the world, even if the dynasty was changed, he did not kill the previous emperors. For example, Wang Mang did not kill the last emperor Liu Ying of the Western Han Dynasty, and Cao Pi did not kill the last emperor Liu Xie of the Eastern Han Dynasty.There is no tradition of killing the last emperor of the previous dynasty, but is generally kind.
Sima Zhao is no exception. He did not kill Liu Chan not because of how "stupid" Liu Chan behaved, but because Sima Zhao needed to use Liu Chan's reputation to stabilize the situation in the Shu Han and the gang. If Sima Zhao killed Liu Chan, There would be many people in the Shu Han who would disobey Sima Zhao's slaying of the king and revolt. Other than that, Luo Xian who guarded Yong'an and Huo Yi who guarded Nanzhong would rebel against Sima Zhao.
If you don’t talk about Liu Chan, you can say that Sun Hao, the last emperor of the Eastern Wu, was also captured by the Jin Dynasty after the fall of the Eastern Wu. Sun Hao dared to confront the Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty face to face and satirize Jin Dynasty power official Jia Chong did not lose his life because of this. It can be seen that Sima Yan did not kill Sun Hao, and Sima Zhao did not kill Liu Chan for the same purpose, not because of Liu Chan's so-called "pleasure here, I don't know Shu".
Besides, who is Sima Zhao? No matter how clever Liu Chan is, I am afraid he can’t play stupid in front of Sima Zhao. He started his business by conspiracy and tricks. Liu Chan is absolutely good at this set of deceptive tricks. Sima Zhao cannot be fooled.
Finally, talk about the difference between Liu Chan and his father Liu Bei.
Liu Bei was a founding king who never gave up, never gave up, never gave up, and always worked hard. After nine deaths and many hardships, Liu Bei established the Shuhan regime with the assistance of Zhuge Liang and others. Liu Bei No matter the level of knowledge, employment, military, and state administration is compared with his son Liu Chan, it is a heaven and an underground. Liu Chan can't compare with Liu Bei at all.
If Liu Chan has half of Liu Bei’s ability, so that the Shu Han will not be destroyed, when Deng Ai’s soldiers approached Chengdu, Liu Chan not only refused the support of the various Shu army, but also under Qiao Zhou’s advice , Surrendered directly without fighting and surrendered to Deng Ai. Moreover, despite the persistence of resistance by the various Shu troops, his troops resisted to the death. As a result, the emperor surrendered. This is extremely rare in Chinese history. Under Jiuquan, knowing that his posterity, Liu Chan, had defeated the country he had defeated, and Liu Bei could definitely survive.
An emperor who is unwilling to spend a little bit of blood and surrenders his father to the world is not a wise and foolish person at all, let alone an eternal emperor, but an ordinary, mediocre and incompetent. The emperor, even Liu Chan's son, Liu Chen, would rather die than surrender, but Liu Chan couldn't do it, so he had to give Liu Chan a title of fear of death.
