[Editor's Note] The original text "The Territory of the Southern Han Kingdom, from Jiaozhi to Nanchu, from the North to Nanchu", the author of Shendu Shuo History. Lujiang Academy was compiled based on the original text and related historical facts. The first three parts are the original content, and the fourth is compiled by Lujiang Academy. Please read it!
1. Southern Han:
1. Southern Han is the second local separatist regime in the history of Lingnan region:
Southern Han is one of the local regimes during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periods in my country. It is the second local separatist regime established in the history of Lingnan region of my country after the Nanyue State. The historical period of the existence of the Southern Han Dynasty was between and of the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. It was established in 917 AD and died in 971, and existed for a total of 67 years. The capital of the Southern Han Kingdom is today Guangzhou. The Southern Han Kingdom promoted Guangzhou to Xingwangfu and was set as the capital.
2. What is " Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ":
Five Dynasties , that is, Houliang , Later Tang , Later Jin , Later Han , Later Zhou , Later Zhou , Long Zhou ,
Ten Kingdoms , Front Shu, , Houshu , Nanwu ( Yangwu ), Nantang , Wuyue , Minguo , Nanchu ( Ma Chu ), Nanhan , Nanping ( Jingnan ), Northern Han , a total of ten local regimes, collectively known as the Ten Kingdoms.
2. Territory during the founding of the Southern Han State:
The territory of the Southern Han State can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage was the territory of Liu's founding country in the early days of Emperor Gaozu of Southern Han. That is, in 917 AD (the first year of Qianheng of the Southern Han Dynasty), Liu officially established the Southern Han Kingdom (the first year was the Dayue Kingdom), and by 929 AD (the second year of Dayou in the Southern Han Dynasty):
1. The Southern Han Kingdom heads eastward to Chaozhou (now Chaozhou, Guangdong), bordering the Fujian Kingdom;
2. The Southern Han Kingdom heads southward to Hainan Island , roughly reaching the area around Longzhou (now Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi), bordering the Jinghai Army Jiedushi;
3. The Southern Han Kingdom heads westward to Yongzhou (now Nanning City, Guangxi), and bordering the Jinghai Army Jiedushi;
4. The Southern Han Kingdom will probably reach Fengzhou (now Wuzhou, Guangdong and Fengkai County, Zhaoqing City, Guangxi) to the north, and the border with the Chu State (Southern Chu).
It is worth noting that during this period, the Southern Han Kingdom had two major foreign wars, namely: the Battle of the Southern Han Kingdom in 924 AD, and the Battle of Fengzhou in 928 AD. The two wars did not achieve any results in both sides in the territory, so they maintained the boundary of Liu's initial establishment of the Southern Han Kingdom.
3. The territory of the Southern Han Dynasty's period of the reunification of the Jinghai Army:
The second stage was mainly from 930 AD (the third year of the Southern Han Dynasty) to 938 AD (the eleventh year of the Southern Han Dynasty). During this period, the territory of the Southern Han Kingdom was greatly expanded, and the Jinghai Army Jiedushi (Annan) was included in the territory.
1. Jinghai Jiedushi Qu Chengmei Period:
In the second year of Tianyou in the Tang Dynasty (905 AD), Dugu Lun served as the governor of Annan and the governor of Jinghai Jiedushi, but failed to make a move. Moreover, Dugu Lun was exiled to Hainan Island for some reason, and was soon killed by Zhu Wen .
Jinghai Army Jiedushi , a large family in Hongzhou (now Ningjiang County, Haiyang Province, Vietnam), is already a separatist. Taking advantage of the chaos in the late Tang Dynasty, the separatist vassal states in various places, and Dugu Lun, the governor of Jinghai Army, claimed to have been the governor of Jinghai Army, and began to unify and govern the jurisdiction of Jinghai Army. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, from the court to the local vassal states, they were too busy to take care of themselves. The Tang Dynasty was forced to recognize the fait accompli of Qu Chengyu calling himself the governor of Jinghai Army, and could only "appoint" Qu Chengyu as the governor of Jinghai.
In 930 AD (the third year of the Southern Han Dynasty), Emperor Gaozu Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty sent generals Li Shouying and Liang Kezhen to attack Jiaozhou, the capital of the Jinghai Army’s Jiedushi, and launched the battle of Jiaozhou. Qu Chengmei, the governor of the Jinghai Army, was defeated and captured, and was escorted to the Duxing Palace of the Southern Han Kingdom (now Guangzhou). The 12 states under the governor of the Jinghai Army, have since been included in the territory of the Southern Han Kingdom.
2. Yang Tingyi Calling himself the governor of the Jinghai Army during the period:
, but unfortunately the good times did not last long. In 931 AD (the fourth year of the Southern Han Dynasty), Yang Tingyi, a general under the command of the former governor of the Jinghai Army, rebelled and launched a rebellion, raiding Jiaozhou, the governor of the Jinghai Army. Yang Tingyi defeated the garrison troops of the Southern Han Kingdom and defeated the suppression troops of the Southern Han Kingdom, and the Southern Han Kingdom thus lost direct control of Vietnam.
Yang Tingyi called himself the governor of the Jinghai Army. Although he still respected the Southern Han Kingdom on the surface, the twelve prefectures under the Jinghai Army's governor could no longer be directly controlled and governed, and could only be equivalent to the prison county of the Southern Han Kingdom. At that time, the Southern Han Kingdom was still weak and lacked strength. The Min Kingdom and Southern Chu Kingdom were eyeing each other, so the Southern Han Kingdom had no choice.
4. Song Dynasty was appointed as the Censor of the Supreme People, He Chang, the governor of the Qing Navy, and the governor of the Southern Han Dynasty, were respected as the ancestor of He Chang by the Pearl River Delta Guangfu . When did the clansmen respectfully call him the ancestor of He Chang, and was appointed as the Censor of the Later Jin Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Later Zhou Xiande, the Censor of the South China Sea, and the Censor of the Song Dynasty, was appointed as the governor of the Qing Navy, and once held a tribute to the Southern Han Dynasty to communicate with China. But the Southern Han lord Liu Sheng . He Chang had no choice but to live in Shashuiqian Village, Zhenchang (now Nanxiong), and was on standby, and his mission of taking charge of Lingnan was failed. The Southern Han Kingdom finally sent him to suppress bandits in , northern Guangdong, and sacrificed for the country.
He Chang's person and affairs
He Chang, named Chu, also known as Gaozu, was born in Gengshen (900) in the Guanghua period of the Tang Dynasty. He was a Jinshi and the son of He Ze, the first year of Tongguang in the Later Tang Dynasty (923), and lived in Tongrufang, Yangshan. During the Later Jin Dynasty, Chang served as the Censor of Jin. During the reign of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as the cucumber army in the South China Sea and held a tribute to the Southern Han Dynasty to communicate with China. The Southern Han lord Liu Sheng refused to accept it, so He Chang took his family to live in Shashuiqian Village, Zhenchang (now Nanxiong), and was on standby with his tribute. Later, because thieves arose in Xiong, Shao, Zhen, and the people were living in poverty, Liu Sheng then called He Chang to conquer the army. In the second year of Xiande (955), He Chang won a great victory in the army to solve the difficulties of the people and won many battles. One day, He Chang's boat passed by Shaoyang Beach, and the water flowed rapidly. He met a thief and robbed him at night. The boat overturned and Chang fell into the water and died. According to legend, his corpse floated back more than 20 miles. The hero praised his loyalty and righteousness, and he also buried the large human figure in Ziling. During the Xining period of the Song Dynasty, Li Zongyi, the governor of Nanxiong Prefecture, reported to the court for his affairs, and issued an edict to He Chang as the governor of the Qing Navy, and gave the plaque "Zodiac He Gong Temple". He Chang's descendants broadcast Lingnan, and those who live in Nanxiong for generations are mainly distributed in Baimu, Hecun, Zhiyuan, Dakeng, Baishun and other places. He Chang's tomb remains and was rebuilt in 2002. Zhuji Lane He Clan Ancestral Hall was also rebuilt in 2000.
(Screenshot of the official website of Beijing Evening News, title: "The tomb of He Chang, the "Censor of the Qing Navy" in Song Dynasty, and the Imperial Stone Monument after a thousand years")
Edited and compiled: Guangdong Cultural Society Lujiang Academy Cultural Research Committee
Editor: He Jinde
