In the vast history of Chinese civilization, many heroic deeds have occurred, and many colorful legendary stories have also been circulated. Of course, the people who have funeral left some difficult historical mysteries.
King Wu defeated Zhou . This historical event that everyone is very familiar with because of " The Romance of the Gods ", actually has a major mystery. That is, when did the ultimate battle of King Wu’s defeat of King Zhou happen to the Battle of Muye?
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Although, the historical records of Chinese civilization have begun to have a definite date from 841 BC, that is, the administrative period of " Republican Administrative " in Zhou Dynasty, and have never been cut off again.
But King Wu's attack on Zhou happened before this time and it was too old and there was not much historical information. According to incomplete statistics, there were at least 44 inferences about the specific era when King Wu defeated Shang, which can be said to be different.
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However, in 1976, a national treasure dug out by a farmer in Shaanxi unexpectedly solved this puzzle that has puzzled the world for 3,000 years. So, what is this national treasure? Why can it solve the historical mystery of King Wu’s attack on King Zhou?
The national treasure dug out of the water canal
1976 because the weather was relatively dry. In order to ensure the irrigation needs of spring farming crops, villagers in Lingkou Village, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province wanted to dig a water canal, which could not only solve the current dilemma, but also facilitate future water conservancy irrigation.
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After the approval of the superior and the route was planned, the villagers began to dig. It was relatively simple at the beginning. It was just a re-unblocked ditches that were blocked due to changes in the landform to facilitate the water flow to the various farmlands after the new canal was dug.
However, after the new water canal was excavated, the villagers discovered some situations. First of all, the color of the soil nearby has changed, but everyone did not take it seriously. After all, it is not a big deal. Sometimes when the farming is deep, the color of the soil may change.
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However, as he was digging, a small hole suddenly appeared. A villager almost fell into it because he didn't master the strength. Fortunately, the person next to him grabbed him.
You should know that due to historical reasons, there are many cultural relics unearthed near Shaanxi. Almost every time you can hear the news that cultural relics are accidentally excavated.
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Therefore, everyone did not dare to neglect and dug it carefully for a few more times. Unexpectedly, when a few shovels were down, they could hear the crisp sound of metal hitting.
At this time, everyone was completely afraid to move, for fear of destroying the things inside. The team leader, who led the team leader, said nervously: "It looks like a cultural relic below. Please be careful not to dig it anymore. Go to report it to the village, and then take some lighting items. The rest of the people are here with me."
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As soon as the news spread, the cultural relic experts above had not arrived yet, and before they could see the lively villagers, they surrounded the hole with three layers inside and three layers inside and three layers outside. Even the people who went back to get the lighting tools had to squeeze in again.
After everyone carefully explored, people found that there were a large number of bronze ware in this cave. Although it was not very real, there should be many large objects. The elderly man in the village also said that this is very likely to be an ancient kiln storage.
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Just as everyone was talking, the cultural relics experts above finally arrived. This professional matter still needs to be done by professionals. Not long after, all the things in the kiln were cleaned up.
There are quite a lot of cultural relics, including more than 100 chariots and horses, , gui, gu, etc., and there are also seven weapons, copper cakes, bronze ware and other things.
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However, among these exquisite bronzes, the one that experts praise the most is the "gui".Because "Gui" was considered as an important item as a tripod during the Shang and Zhou dynasties and had high research value, the "Gui" discovered this time not only has the "three-layer flower"-style pattern, but also has a complete inscription at the bottom, which is of great significance.
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However, when experts cleaned and studied these inscriptions, they found that what they recorded was the historical incident of King Wu's defeat of King Zhou, which made everyone very excited. After all, the historical mystery of King Wu's defeat of King Zhou has been discussed for so long in later generations, and this "gui" is likely to provide important clues.
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King Wu’s defeat of Zhou
Speaking of Zhouguo , it was actually first developed and strengthened by Zhouwu , Ji Li , the grandfather of Zhouwu . Back then, Ji Li made many military achievements after leading the tribe to voluntarily surrender to Shang Dynasty. Therefore, he was recognized by the then Shang king , granted land, and granted it to the State of Zhou.
Later, Ji Li was named "Pastor", which is the leader of the princes in the western Shang Dynasty in "The Romance of the Gods". This is also the reason why Ji Chang has always been called "Xibohou" in "The Romance of the Gods".
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However, as Zhou State continued to become stronger, the Shang king at that time gradually became afraid and killed Ji Li. However, Ji Li's heir Ji Chang was also a capable monarch. He promoted benevolent policies and recruited many talents, which made the strength of Zhou not only not declined due to Ji Li's death, but became stronger and stronger.
This made the King Zhou of Shang feel the threat at that time, so he tried every means to imprison King Wen of Ji Chang, and even killed his eldest son.
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At that time, Ji Fa summoned all the ministers to discuss in order to rescue his father: "The father is now imprisoned by King Zhou in Chao Ge. Chao is in danger. Even my brother went to rescue him personally, and was killed on false charges. Everyone quickly think of a way to save his father safely?"
Everyone was at a loss when they heard this. After all, Ji Chang's eldest son had already made various attempts when he went to Chao Ge, but none of them were good, and he even got himself in.
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Ji Fa was very anxious when he saw that everyone was not speaking, and he secretly decided in his heart: "If I really can't think of anything, I will go to Chao Ge in person like my brother, and I will rescue my father no matter what."
Just as Ji Fa Ji Fa was thinking secretly, a minister suddenly said: "Since you have the target." It doesn't work directly on King Zhou. Let's change our thinking and start with the people around him. It is said that King Zhou is very fond of Fei Zhong and often adopts his opinions. This time we brought a lot of treasures and beauties to his preferences and let Fei Zhong speak for us."
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, and this suggestion was always recognized by everyone, so it could be implemented quickly. Finally, under Fei Zhong's operation, King Wen of Zhou Ji Chang was not only successfully released, but also obtained the concession of King Zhou to conquer the nearby vassal states.
This was a surprise for Ji Chang. He could conquer other places and develop his own strength in Zhou State faster. So Ji Chang began to fight with his army, and successively destroyed Misxu Kingdom , Chongguo and other countries.
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Looking at his brave army, Ji Chang secretly swears in his heart: "Wait, one day, I will lead the army into Chao Ge and destroy the brutal King Zhou and Shang Dynasty."
However, King Wen of Zhou Ji Chang died before he sent troops to destroy Shang. However, after King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa succeeded to the throne, he did not give up his father's will. Not only did the Zongheng unite and formed an alliance with many princes, but it also accelerated the development of its own military power.
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Later, King Zhou of Shang gradually became addicted to beauty, did not care about the government, and even spent huge amounts of money to build Lutai for his own enjoyment. In addition, he continued to fight for years, and the lives of the people in the Shang Dynasty were extremely miserable.
Moreover, King Zhou of Shang also abused torture, often tortured prisoners for fun, and even specially invented a punishment of burning. The ministers around him were extremely sad to see this situation and risked their lives to advise him many times. Who would have thought that it would anger King Zhou of Shang and was brutally killed. The other ministers saw that they dared not speak out, and they completely lost confidence in King Zhou of Shang.
King Zhou
After that, King Zhou of Shang also began to impose heavy taxes and raise materials, and repeatedly attacked Dongyi . After learning that the main force of the Shang Dynasty had once again set out to fight against Dongyi, Ji Fa, felt that the time was ripe, so he summoned his elite troops and joined forces with the major vassal states to jointly attack King Zhou of Shang.
Before going to the war, King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa said loudly to his subordinates: "King Zhou of Shang was cruel and unkind and made a big mistake. I have joined forces with all the princes to fight together, and I will win this battle."
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Soon soon, King Wu of Zhou Ji Fa met with the major princes and attacked outside the city of Chaoge. However, at this moment, King Zhou of Shang sent his army to attack the Dongyi and had no soldiers available, so he had to arm 170,000 slaves to fight.
However, King Zhou of Shang had already lost all the people's hearts because of abuse of torture and abused the people. These slaves were unwilling to work hard for him and turned against each other on the battlefield and rushed into Chaoge with the Zhou army. Seeing that the situation was hopeless, King Zhou of Shang climbed to Lutai and burned himself to death.
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This last battle was the famous Battle of Muye. From then on, the era of ritual civilization of the Zhou Dynasty was opened. However, because the age is too long, various historical materials do not record the specific time of this incident in detail.
Therefore, later generations have made countless guesses about this puzzle. It was not until 1976 that the "Gui" of the Zhou Dynasty was discovered in Shaanxi that the time for King Wu to defeat King Zhou was officially determined.
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The mystery of King Wu's 3,000 years of the attack on Zhou Dynasty was finally solved
The experts at that time conducted many researches and research on the thirty-three inscriptions found in the "gui", and finally confirmed that it was: King Wu conquered Shang, only Jiazi Dynasty, Sui Ding, and defeated the nun, and had Shang in the past, Xinwei, the king was in the army and gave money to be used as Tan Gong Baozun Yi.
The "if something happens" mentioned in the inscription is actually an official position during the Zhou Dynasty. According to the inscription, there is a "youshi" called "Li", which uses the bronze given to him by King Wu of Zhou (bronze was called "jin" during the prefecture dynasty) to create a "gui" to commemorate Duke Tan, who refers to the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, the father of the ancient Duke Tan.
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Therefore, this "gui" of the Zhou Dynasty was named "Li Gui", but because of its special historical significance, it is also called "King Wu Dao Zhou Gui".
However, because experts have different understandings and interpretations of inscriptions, they discovered that inscriptions had many different expressions, and the controversy was only on the word "Sui Ding".
Li Gui inscription
Some experts believe that "Sui Ding" actually means using the Sui Star for divination. "Sui" is Ao Xing , and "Ding" means "Zhenwen", which means divination; some experts believe that these two words have nothing to do with divination. "Sui" should be the Sui Star, that is, Jupiter, and "Sui Ding" refers to the special astronomical phenomenon of Jupiter's mid-sky.
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Some experts believe that these two words actually refer to the person who grabs " Jiuding ", and "Sui Ding" should be "Yue Ding". Some people even analyzed that those two words are not "Sui Ding", but should be "Shu Huang".
However, no matter what, the publication of the Li Gui provided favorable evidence for the relevant situation of King Wu's defeat of Zhou, and its specific time point was truly determined in 1996.
That year, the country launched the " Xia, Shang and Zhou Dating Project Calculation" project, analyzing a large amount of historical data, and convened experts from various fields such as archaeology, history, physics, and astronomy to calculate the astronomical phenomenon of "Juste hollow". Finally, the most advanced carbon-14 at the time was used to detect the Li Gui.
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After so many careful and rigorous research and discussion, the experts finally determined that the approximate time for "King Wu to defeat Zhou" was 1046 BC, and the "Sui Ding" at the time of Shang and Zhou can even be accurate to the sky, that is, January 9.
At this point, the 3,000-year puzzle caused by "King Wu defeated Zhou" was finally solved, and the Li Gui became the solitary example of the "King Wu defeated Zhou" incident, and occupied an extremely important position in the dynasty history of "Shang and Zhou".
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In fact, there are still many precious cultural relics like Li Gui in my country. For example, Simuwu Ding, Siyang Fangzun , etc. are all national treasures among my country's national treasures. Therefore, cultural relics protection has always been the top priority in my country.
After all, these cultural relics are not only valuable heritage left by their ancestors, but also carry and inherit the splendid historical culture, showing the world the magnificent development history of the Chinese nation.
Therefore, protecting cultural relics is not only because of how precious it is, but more because of the profound significance behind it. It is these cultural relics spread all over China that allow today's people to learn more about China's past history and even the past customs of the Chinese.
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They are like living books, vividly telling people about the situations of ancient times, allowing the unique charm of the excellent traditional Chinese culture to continue to bloom in today's world.
Moreover, cultural relics are not only a great witness to time and history, but also a spiritual symbol cast by the feelings of family and country, and an irreplaceable and non-renewable valuable resource.
In the long history of the Chinese nation, too many things have been buried and too many mysteries have not been solved. Cultural relics are the opportunity for them to reappear. Therefore, protecting cultural relics is the protection of the history and inheritance of Chinese civilization, and it is also our unshirkable responsibility and obligation.
