One hundred years of events of the Communist Party of China
(July 1921-June 2021)
1840, due to the invasion of Western powers and the corruption of feudal rule, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has become the greatest dream of the whole nation; striving for national independence, people's liberation and realizing national prosperity and people's happiness has become the historical task of the Chinese people. Many patriotic pioneers who devoted themselves to the cause of national progress have made continuous explorations. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, and the Boxer Rebellion failed again and again. In October 1911, the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the Qing Dynasty, established the Republic of China, ended the monarchy system that ruled China for more than two thousand years, and created a modern national democratic revolution in the complete sense, but it still did not change the social nature of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal in the old China, did not change the tragic destiny of the Chinese people, and did not complete the historical task of realizing national independence and people's liberation. China is looking forward to new social forces opening up a new path to save the country and the people. The New Culture Movement , which emerged in 1915, set off a trend of ideological liberation in Chinese society. The October Revolution in 1917 gave great encouragement to the oppressed nations in the East. A group of advanced Chinese elements began to choose Marxism. At the same time, the Chinese working class grew rapidly with the development of the national capitalist economy. The rise of a new people's revolution is inevitable.
1919 Due to the failure of China's diplomatic relations at the Paris Peace Conference, more than 3,000 Beijing students gathered in front of the Tiananmen Square in to protest, launching a completely anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic revolutionary movement (May Fourth Movement). Starting from June 5, workers in Shanghai went on strike to support students, and then the strike, class strike and market strike quickly expanded to more than 20 provinces and regions and more than 100 cities. The Chinese working class began to take the political stage with an independent attitude. Under pressure from the people, Chinese representatives did not attend the signing ceremony of the Paris Peace Treaty on June 28. After the May Fourth Movement, a large number of articles and books spreading Marxism appeared. Advanced elements with preliminary communist thoughts such as Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Li Da, Li Hanjun, Mao Zedong, He Shuheng, Dong Biwu, Chen Tanqiu, Deng Zhongxia, He Mengxiong, Gao Junyu, Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming began to promote Marxism among the working masses. The May Fourth Movement is an epoch-making event in the history of modern Chinese revolution, marking the great beginning of the new democratic revolution. With its revolutionary nature of completely anti-imperialism and feudalism, the progressive nature of pursuing the truth of saving the country and strengthening the country, and the extensive participation of people of all ethnic groups and all walks of life, the May Fourth Movement promoted the progress of Chinese society, promoted the widespread dissemination of Marxism in China, promoted the combination of Marxism with the Chinese workers' movement, and made ideological and cadre preparations for the founding of the Communist Party of China. It is of milestone significance in the historical process of the Chinese nation's pursuit of national independence and development and progress in modern times. The May Fourth Movement gave birth to the great May Fourth Spirit with patriotism, progress, democracy and science as its main content, and its core is the spirit of patriotism.
1920 Li Dazhao organized the Marxist Theory Research Association at Peking University. In May, Chen Duxiu initiated the Marxist Research Association in Shanghai. Research in Shanghai and Beijing has gradually established contacts with advanced elements from Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Tianjin and other places and overseas, further promoting the spread of Marxism. In August, Chen Duxiu and others established early Communist Party organizations in Shanghai. This is actually the initiating organization of the Communist Party of China and the liaison center for communists from all over the country to carry out party building activities. In the same month, the full Chinese translation of " Communist Manifesto " translated by Chen Wangdao was published. In October, Li Dazhao and others established early Communist Party organizations in Beijing. By the spring of 1921, early Communist Party organizations were established among the Chinese in Wuhan, Changsha, Jinan, Guangzhou and other places, as well as among the Chinese in Japan and France.
1921
htmlOn July 23, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened at No. 106 Wangzhi Road, French Concession, Shanghai (now Xingye Road, ). The last day's meeting was transferred to a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang.The delegates attending the conference were: Li Da and Li Hanjun from Shanghai, Zhang Guotao and Liu Renjing from Beijing, Mao Zedong and He Shuheng from Changsha, Dong Biwu and Chen Tanqiu from Wuhan, Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming from Jinan, Chen Gongbo from Guangzhou, and weeks of Fohai from Japan; Bao Huiseng was sent by Chen Duxiu to attend the conference. They represent more than 50 party members across the country. Comintern represented Malin and Nikkorsky attended the conference. Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao did not attend the conference due to busy affairs. The conference determined the party's name as "Communist Party of China" and passed the first program and resolution of the Communist Party of China. The conference elected the Central Bureau, and Chen Duxiu was the Secretary of the Central Bureau. The First National Congress of the Party announced the formal establishment of the Communist Party of China. The founding of the Communist Party of China is an inevitable product of the historical development of modern China, an inevitable product of the Chinese people's tenacious pursuit in the struggle to save the nation, and an inevitable product of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. As the most advanced class in China, the political party of the working class, the Communist Party of China not only represents the interests of the working class, but also represents the interests of the entire Chinese people and the Chinese nation. From the very beginning, it adhered to Marxism as its guide to action and always regarded seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and mission. The founding of the Communist Party of China is a major event that has created the world in the history of the development of the Chinese nation and has great and far-reaching significance. The founding of the Communist Party of China fully demonstrates the pioneering spirit of pioneering the world and daring to be the first, the spirit of firm ideals and perseverance in fighting, and the spirit of dedication to establish the Party for the public and loyal to the people. This is the source, foundation and foundation of the Chinese revolutionary spirit. In June 1941, the "Central Instructions on Commemorating the Twentieth Anniversary of the Birth of the Communist Party of China and the Fourth Anniversary of the War of Resistance Against Japan" will be the anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. htmlOn August 11, the China Labor Group Secretary Department was established in Shanghai. This is the first public institution led by the Communist Party of China to the workers' movement. html On September 27, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Farmers' Conference in Yaqian Village, Xiaoshan, Zhejiang was held, and China's first new type of farmers' organization was announced. In July 1922, Peng Pai established the first secret farmers' association in Haifeng, Guangdong. By May 1923, farmers' unions were established in many counties such as Haifeng , Lufeng and Huiyang, with more than 200,000 members; in September, farmers in Hengshan Ginkgo Area, Hunan established Yuebei Peasants' Union.1922
html November Hong Kong seafarers held a strike. Taking this as the starting point, the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway workers' strike in February 1923 was the end point, and the workers' movement led by the Communist Party of China set off the first climax. During this period, more than 100 strikes occurred across the country, with more than 300,000 participants. htmlFrom May 5th to 10th, the first National Congress of the China Socialist Youth League was held in Guangzhou, and the China Socialist Youth League was established. htmlOn June 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "China's Propositions on the Current Situation", pointing out that the key to solving the current situation is to use revolutionary means to defeat imperialism and feudal warlords and establish democratic politics. This is the first time that the Communist Party of China has disclosed its political propositions to all sectors of society. htmlThe Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai from July 16 to 23. There were 12 representatives attending the conference, representing 195 party members across the country. The Congress proposed the clear anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic revolution program for the first time, distinguishing between the highest program and the lowest program. The Congress passed the first party constitution and passed a resolution, deciding that the Communist Party of China would join the Communist International. The Congress elected the Central Executive Committee, and the Central Executive Committee elected Chen Duxiu as Chairman. html On September 13, the weekly newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China "Guide", was founded. During the founding of the Party and the Great Revolution, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also founded publications such as "New Youth", "Forward", and "Public News of the Communist Party of China". html From September 14 to 18, Anyuan Road miners held a strike and won victory under the leadership of Mao Zedong, Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi and others. The Anyuan Road Mining Workers Club, established before the strike, was consolidated and developed.1923
htmlDecember 4-9 Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, more than 20,000 workers from the Beijing-Hanzhou Railway held a general strike, becoming the pinnacle of the first climax of the workers' movement. On the 7th, the reactionary warlords carried out bloody suppression, causing the 27th tragedy.html From June 12 to 20th, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Guangzhou. More than 30 representatives attended the conference, representing 420 party members across the country. The conference decided that Communist Party members would join the Kuomintang in their personal capacity to achieve cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The Congress stipulates that when Communist Party members join the Kuomintang, the Party must maintain its independence in politics, ideology and organization. The Congress elected the Central Executive Committee, and the Central Executive Committee elected the Central Bureau, and Chen Duxiu was the chairman. After the conference, the pace of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has greatly accelerated. The Communist Party’s organizations at all levels mobilized party members and revolutionary youth to join the Kuomintang and actively promoted the National Revolutionary Movement nationwide.1924
html November 20-30 Under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, the Kuomintang held its first National Congress in Guangzhou, and passed the declaration drafted by the Communists with anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism as the main content, and in fact established the three revolutionary policies of alliance with Russia, alliance with the Communist Party, and assistance to farmers and workers. The conference elected the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, and 10 Communist Party members including Li Dazhao, Tan Pingshan, Mao Zedong were elected as members of the Central Executive Committee or alternate executive committee members. The convening of the conference marked the first formal formation of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. htmlIn May, in order to create the backbone of the revolutionary armed forces, the Kuomintang Army Officer School (Whampoa Military Academy) jointly established by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party opened. On June 16, the military academy held its opening ceremony. Sun Yat-sen was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Military Academy, Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as the principal, and Liao Zhongkai was appointed as the Party representative. The Communist Party of China has selected many party, league members and revolutionary youth from all over the country to study in military academies. In November, Zhou Enlai became the director of the Political Department of the Military Academy and improved the political work system. The Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, chaired by Zhou Enlai, selected some party and league members from the first class of military academy graduates as backbones, and reorganized the armored convoy of the Grand Marshal's base into a revolutionary armed force that was actually under the command of the Communist Party. htmlOn July 3, the peasant movement training center organized by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party officially opened in Guangzhou. By September 1926, under the leadership of Communists Peng Pai, Mao Zedong and others, the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Training Institute held six consecutive sessions, training more than 700 backbone members of the peasant movement.1925
html November 11-22 The Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. There were 20 representatives attending the conference, representing 994 party members across the country. The Congress raised the issue of leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution and the issue of Workers and Peasants' Alliance, and made more complete provisions on the content of the democratic revolution. This is a major progress in the Communist Party of China's understanding of the issues of the Chinese revolution based on the summary of practical experience since its founding, especially in the past year of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The conference decided to strengthen the construction of the Party’s organization nationwide and stipulated that branches should be used as the basic organization of the Party. The Congress elected the Central Executive Committee, and the Central Executive Committee elected the Central Bureau, and Chen Duxiu was the General Secretary. htmlFrom May 1-7 The second National Labor Conference was held in Guangzhou, and All-China Federation of Trade Unions was established. htmlOn May 30th May Movement, led by the Communist Party of China, against imperialist atrocities, broke out in Shanghai and quickly swept across the country. About 17 million people of all walks of life directly participated in the struggle, marking the climax of the Great Revolution. From June to October 1926, provincial and Hong Kong strikes broke out in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. This is the longest-lasting political strike in the history of the Chinese workers' movement. htmlOn July 1, the National Government of the Republic of China was established in Guangzhou. The troops belonging to them were then reorganized into six armies of the National Revolutionary Army. Zhou Enlai and other Communist Party members served as deputy party representatives and director of the political department in the First, Second, Third, Fourth and Sixth Armies respectively. htmlOn October The enlarged meeting of the Central Executive Committee was held in Beijing. The meeting issued a letter to farmers, proposing that the fundamental way to relieve farmers' hardships is to implement "built land farmers". The meeting emphasized the importance of work in the northern region and decided to strengthen leadership over the northern revolution. After the meeting, the Executive Committee of the Northern District of the Communist Party of China was established and Li Dazhao was appointed secretary. htmlOn November 1, Mao Zedong published "Analysis of All Classes in Chinese Society".1926
htmlOn December 20th Chiang Kai-shek made the Zhongshan ship incident. From then on, restricting the activities of the Communist Party.In May, the "Correction of Party Affairs Cases" was proposed at the Second Plenary Session of the Second Central Committee of the Kuomintang, excluding Communists from the Kuomintang's leading bodies, thus gradually controlling the power of the Kuomintang, the National Government and the National Revolutionary Army. htmlOn July 9th, the National Revolutionary Army vowed to the Northern Expedition in Guangzhou. By November, the power of warlords Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang will be basically eliminated. During the Northern Expedition, the Ye Ting Independent Regiment, with Communist Party members and Communist Youth League as the backbone, repeatedly defeated powerful enemies. With the successful march of the Northern Expedition, the workers' and peasants' movements in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces led by the Communist Party flourished. htmlOn August 4, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a notice on resolutely purge of corrupt elements. This is the first document in the history of the Party to punish corruption. htmlOctober-March of the following year The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai District Committee organized Shanghai workers to hold three armed uprisings in a row. On March 21, 1927, the third armed uprising was won under the direct leadership of the special committee composed of Chen Duxiu, Luo Yinong, Zhao Shiyan, Zhou Enlai and others (Zhou Enlai was the commander-in-chief of the uprising). On the 22nd, the Shanghai Special City Temporary Municipal Government was established.1927
htmlIn December, Mao Zedong published the "Hunan Peasant Movement Inspection Report". htmlOn April 6 Li Dazhao was arrested by the Fengtian warlord in Beijing. On the 28th, he was executed bravely. htmlOn April 12, Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12th counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai. This is the turning point of the Great Revolution from its climax to failure. Before and after this, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces successively hunted and killed Communist Party members and revolutionary masses on a large scale in the name of "purging the party". Communists such as Yang Yangong, Chen Yannian, Zhao Shiyan, Xiao Chunu , Xiong and other communists were killed. htmlFifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Wuhan from April 27 to May 9. There were 82 representatives attending the conference, representing 57,967 party members across the country. The Congress elected the Central Committee and the Central Supervision Commission, the first central discipline inspection and supervision agency in the history of the Party, the Central Supervision Commission. According to the requirements of the conference, after the meeting, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed a resolution to amend the Party Constitution and formally put forward the organizational principle of implementing democratic centralism within the Party. htmlOn May 10, the First Plenary Session of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China elected the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Chen Duxiu was the General Secretary of the Central Committee. htmlOn July 15, Wang Jingwei convened an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and formally broke with the Communist Party in the name of "dividing the Communist Party", and carried out large-scale arrests and massacres against Communist Party members and revolutionary masses. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was completely broken, and the Great Revolution launched by the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party failed. According to incomplete statistics, from March 1927 to the first half of 1928, more than 310,000 Communist Party members and revolutionary masses were killed. htmlOn August 1, under the leadership of the Front Committee of the CPC Central Committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng and others led more than 20,000 troops under the control and influence of the Party to fire the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The Nanchang Uprising marked the beginning of the Communist Party of China's independent leadership of the revolutionary war, the establishment of the people's army and the armed seizure of power, and opened a new era of the Chinese revolution. On June 30, 1933, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Soviet Republic of China decided to commemorate the establishment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on August 1, which launched the Nanchang Uprising. On July 11, the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic approved it. Since then, August 1 has become the anniversary of the founding of the People's Army. htmlOn August 7, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou, Hubei (87 Meeting ). The meeting focused on criticizing the right-leaning opportunistic mistakes made by the central government headed by Chen Duxiu in the late period of the Great Revolution, and determined the general policy of agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries. This is a historic transformation from the failure of the Great Revolution to the rise of the Agrarian Revolution War. The meeting elected the Central Provisional Politburo headed by Qu Qiubai.8 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China established the Southern Bureau and re-established the Northern Bureau . During the Agrarian Revolution War, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also established the Yangtze River Bureau, the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area, the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area, the Central Bureau of Hunan, Hubei and Western Hunan, the Central Bureau of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, the Central Bureau of Shanghai, and the Northwest Bureau.
htmlOn September 9, the Front Enemy Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Mao Zedong as secretary, led the First Division of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to launch the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan-Jiangxi Border .On the 29th, the rebel army was reorganized when it arrived in Sanwan Village, Yongxin, Jiangxi Province, and built the party's branch in the company, establishing the party's leadership over the army organizationally. This is an important beginning for building a new type of people's army led by the proletariat. In October, the rebel army arrived at Jinggangshan and began the struggle to create a rural revolutionary base. htmlOn September 19, the meeting of the Provisional Politburo of the Central Committee passed the "Resolution on the Issue of the "Left Kuomintang" and the Soviet Slogan", and decided not to beat the Kuomintang's banner and establish the Soviet. html September - the following spring The Qiongya Special Committee of the Communist Party of China led the armed uprising in Ding'an, Qiongshan and other places, the Guangdong local organizations in Haifeng, Lufeng and other places, the Huangma Special Committee of the Communist Party of China in Huang'an, Hubei, and the Ganxi Special Committee of the Communist Party of China in Ji'an, Jiangxi, Wan'an, Ganxian and other places respectively. html October The CPC Central Committee’s official publication "Bulsevik" was founded. During the Agrarian Revolution War, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also founded newspapers and magazines such as "Red Flag", "Struggle", and "Liberation". html From November 9 to 10th, the Central Provisional Politburo held an enlarged meeting in Shanghai and proposed a strategy of holding a national armed riot with the city as the center. It causes a lot of losses in actual work. In April 1928, the implementation was suspended. htmlOn November 11, Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Zhang Tailei, Ye Ting, Ye Jianying and other leaders launched the Guangzhou Uprising and established the Guangzhou Soviet Government. But in the end, because the enemy was large and we were few, we failed, and Zhang Tailei and others died.1928
html November-July Fang Zhimin and others were in Yiyang and Hengfeng, Jiangxi, Zhu De, Chen Yi and others were in the southern Hunan areas, He Long, Zhou Yiqun and others were in Honghu, Hubei and Sangzhi areas in Sangzhi areas in Xiangxi, Liu Zhidan and others were in Weinan and Hua County, Shaanxi, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo and others were in Pingjiang, Hunan, and led an armed uprising. html December Mao Zedong led his troops to break the attack on the Jinggangshan area by the Kuomintang army in Jiangxi. At this point, Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base was initially established. In late April, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the troops retained from the Nanchang Uprising and the peasants' army in southern Hunan to Jinggangshan, met with the troops led by Mao Zedong, and established the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army). Zhu De was appointed commander, and Mao Zedong was appointed as the Party representative and Secretary of the Military Commission. In the process of creating and developing the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base, the Jinggangshan spirit of firm belief, hard work, seeking truth from facts, daring to explore new paths, relying on the masses, and being brave to win has been formed.4 Mao Zedong summarized the experience of the troops in doing mass work and stipulated that the troops must implement three major disciplines and six precautions. The next six points of attention develop into eight points of attention.
6-July 11 The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in the suburbs of Moscow, the Soviet Union. There were 142 representatives attending the conference, including 84 formal representatives with the right to vote. The Congress pointed out that China is still a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, and the nature of the current stage of the Chinese revolution is the bourgeois democratic revolution; the current political situation in China is between the two revolutionary climaxes; the party’s general line is to win over the masses. The General Assembly elects a new Central Committee and elects a Central Review Committee.
htmlOn July 19, the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China elected the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. On the 20th, the Politburo meeting elected Xiang Zhongfa as Chairman of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and Zhou Enlai as Secretary-General of the Standing Committee. htmlOn October 5 The Second Congress of the Hunan-Jiangxi Border Party passed a resolution drafted by Mao Zedong, proposing the idea of armed separatism of workers and peasants. In January 1930, in a reply letter to Lin Biao (later changed to "Sparks, Can Start a Prairie"), Mao Zedong proposed to shift the focus of the Party's work from cities to rural areas, and began to form the idea of surrounding cities in the countryside and seizing power with armed force. html November - April of the following year Mao Zedong successively presided over the formulation of Jinggangshan's " Land Law " and Xingguo's "Land Law".1929
htmlOn November 14, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the main force of the Red Fourth Army to leave Jinggangshan and march into southern Jiangxi. Revolutionary bases in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian were successively opened up. Later, these two base areas were connected into one, and with it as the center, they developed into the Central Revolutionary Base Area (Central Soviet Area).By November 1931, the country had formed revolutionary bases such as the central government, Hunan, western Hubei, Hubei, Henan, and Anhui, Qiongya, and northeastern Jiangxi (later developed into Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi), Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi, and Youjiang. Later, revolutionary bases such as Sichuan-Shaanxi, Shaanxi-Gansu, Hunan-Hubei-Shibo-Guizhou, Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi, and eastern Fujian were established. In the creation and development of the revolutionary base area, the Soviet area spirit was formed with firm beliefs, seeking truth and being pragmatic, serving the people wholeheartedly, being honest and honest, striving hard, striving for the first class, and selfless dedication as the main connotations. html From May to February of the following year, the Communist Party of China held an agreement on the Luo (Tian) Ma (City) Special Zone Committee was in Henan Mall, the Communist Party of China’s Lu'an County Committee was in Lu'an, Anhui, and Huoshan, and the Central Representative Deng Xiaoping and others led the armed uprisings in Baise and Longzhou, Guangxi, and established the Red Army, and gradually opened up revolutionary bases in southeastern Henan, western Anhui, and the left and right rivers. html From November 28 to 29, the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party (Gutian Conference) was held in Gutian, Shanghang, Fujian. Mao Zedong was elected as secretary of the Front Committee of the Red Fourth Army of the Communist Party of China. According to the spirit of the Central Committee's September letter, the meeting passed the Gutian Conference resolution drafted by Mao Zedong. The most important one was the resolution on correcting erroneous ideas within the Party, and established the principles of ideological construction of the Party and political construction of the army. The resolution of the Gutian Conference is a programmatic document for the construction of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army, and an important milestone in the history of the construction of the Party and the People's Army. The military political work laid by the Gutian Conference played a decisive role in the survival and development of the army.1930
htmlIn December, under the leadership and promotion of the Communist Party of China, the Alliance of left-wing writers of China was established in Shanghai. Subsequently, the alliance of Chinese social scientists, dramatists, artists, educators, and left-wing cultural groups such as films and music groups were established one after another. In October, all left-wing cultural groups formed the China Left-wing Cultural Alliance . The left-wing cultural movement led by the Communist Party emerged in the Kuomintang-ruled areas. htmlIn May, Mao Zedong wrote "Investigation Work" (later changed to "Opinion of Booksism"), proposing that "no investigation, no right to speak." htmlOn June 11, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed the resolution "New Revolutionary High Climax and One Province or Several Provinces Win First" drafted by Li Lisan, forming a systematic "left" adventure proposition. Soon, a plan was formulated to concentrate the national riots and to concentrate the national Red Army on attacking the central city, causing the revolutionary forces in various places to suffer varying degrees of losses. In September, the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China stopped this risky action. htmlIn June, the First Red Army Corps was established, with Zhu De as the commander-in-chief, and Mao Zedong as the political commissar and secretary of the former committee. In the same month, the Third Corps of the Red Army was established, with Peng Dehuai as commander-in-chief and secretary of the former committee, and Teng Daiyuan as political commissar. In July, the second Red Army Corps of was established, with He Long as commander-in-chief, and Zhou Yiqun as political commissar and secretary of the front committee. html The First Front Army of the Red Army was established on August 23, with Zhu De as commander-in-chief and Mao Zedong as secretary of the General Front Committee and political commissar of the General Political Commissar.Winter - the following autumn, under the command of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, the military and civilians of the Central Revolutionary Base Area smashed the three " encirclements and suppression of " of the Kuomintang army, consolidating and expanding the base area. Revolutionary bases such as Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Hunan, and western Hunan have also won victories in the fight against "encirclement and suppression". By the spring of 1932, the revolutionary base areas had wiped out more than 200,000 enemies, and the main Red Army had grown to about 150,000.
1931
html November 7 The Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai. Wang Ming (Chen Shaoyu) actually grasped the leadership of the CPC Central Committee. The "left" dogmatic mistake represented by Wang Ming began to rule for four years within the party's leading organs. In September, Wang Ming went to Moscow to serve as the representative of the Communist Party of China to the Communist International. The Provisional Central Committee was established in Shanghai, and was under the overall responsibility of Bogu (Qin Bangxian). In January 1933, the Provisional Central Committee was forced to move from Shanghai to Ruijin, the central revolutionary base. htmlOn September 18th, Japanese imperialism created the September 18th Incident and began to invade Northeast China in large numbers. People of all walks of life in the northeast and patriotic officers and soldiers organized various forms of anti-Japanese forces such as Anti-Japanese Volunteers. The Communist Party of China actively carried out its work in the Anti-Japanese Volunteers and organized anti-Japanese armed forces under the leadership of the Party.Since 1932, the Party has organized more than ten anti-Japanese guerrillas, participated by patriotic patriots in Han, Manchu, North Korea, Mongolia, Hui and other ethnic groups, and gradually became the main force of the Northeast Anti-Japanese guerrilla war and developed into the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army, , , , , juncture of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army and other armed forces. After the September 18th Incident, the Chinese people rose up to resist, becoming the starting point of the Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and at the same time opened the prelude to the world anti-fascist war. htmlOn November 7, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army was established, with Xu Xiang as the former commander-in-chief and Chen Changhao as the political commissar. html From November 7 to 20th, the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union was held in Ruijin, Jiangxi, and announced the establishment of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic. On the 25th, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established, with Zhu De as chairman. On the 27th, Mao Zedong was elected as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Republic and Chairman of the People's Committee of the Central Executive Committee. The Chinese Soviet Republic is the first national democratic regime of workers and peasants in Chinese history and an important attempt by the Communist Party of China to rule in some areas. Other bases have also held conferences of workers, peasants and soldiers at all levels to elect Soviet governments at all levels. html November Red China News Service was established. In January 1937, it was renamed Xinhua News Agency. htmlOn November 14, more than 17,000 people from the 26th Route Army of the Kuomintang revolted in Ningdu, Jiangxi under the leadership of Zhao Bosheng, Dong Zhentang, Ji Zhentong, and Huang Zhongyue. It was then reorganized into the Fifth Corps of the Red Army, with Ji Zhen serving as the commander-in-chief and Xiao Jinguang serving as the political commissar. html November 12th The official newspaper of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic "Red China".This year After more than three years of practice, the Party’s land revolution line has basically been formed, that is, relying on poor peasants and hired peasants, uniting middle peasants, restricting rich peasants, eliminating the landlord class, and changing feudal land ownership into peasant land ownership.
1932
2 November The Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas led by Liu Zhidan, Xie Zichang, Xi Zhongxun and others were reorganized into the Red Army. After March 1933, the revolutionary base of Shaanxi-Gansu border was established, centered on Zhaojin and Nanliang. In November 1934, the revolutionary military committee of the Shaanxi-Gansu border region was officially established. Xi Zhongxun was elected as the chairman of the Soviet government, and Liu Zhidan was appointed as the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee.
-March of the following year Under the command of Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, the Central Revolutionary Base Area won the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" of
.1933
html November-February The main force of the Red Fourth Front Army opened up a Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base centered on Sichuan Tong (Jiang), Nan (Jiang) and Ba (Zhong). Previously, the main force of the Red Fourth Front Army evacuated the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Revolutionary Base in October 1932. htmlOn May 8, the General Command of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army was established, Zhu De was appointed commander-in-chief of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, and Zhou Enlai was appointed general political commissar. htmlThe Sixth Corps of the Red Army was formed in mid-June. In August 1934, the Military and Political Committee of the Red Sixth Army was officially established. The Central Representative Ren Bishi was the Chairman of the Military and Political Committee, Xiao Ke was the Chief of the Army, and Wang Zhen was the Political Commissar. htmlIn September, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 1 million troops to launch the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of the revolutionary base, of which 500,000 troops were used to attack the central revolutionary base. Bo Gu, the head of the temporary central government, and Li De, the military adviser of the Communist International, implemented a simple defense military line in the anti-"encirclement and suppression", causing significant losses to the Red Army and the revolutionary base areas.1934
7 The Red Seventh Army led by Xun Huaizhou, Le Shaohua, Su Yu and others was adapted into Northward Anti-Japanese Advance Team , and went to Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi Border Areas to conduct activities. In November, the Red Ten Army led by Fang Zhimin joined forces and formed the Red Ten Army and established the Military and Political Committee with Fang Zhimin as its chairman.
8-7 Red Sixth Army broke through the westward expedition from the Hunan-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base. In October, he met with the Red Army. The Red Third Army restored the Red Second Army's number, with He Long as the commander of the army and Ren Bishi as the political commissar. Subsequently, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou revolutionary base was gradually created.
html In mid-October, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the main force of the Central Red Army, etc. to carry out a strategic shift and began the Long March.From mid-November to mid-November 1935, the 25th Red Army, the 4th Red Front Army, the 2nd and 6th Red Army also successively withdrew from revolutionary bases such as Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan and Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou for strategic transfer. html From late October to early December, the Central Red Army broke through three blockade lines of the Kuomintang army in succession and suffered significant losses in the Xiangjiang Battle, which broke through the fourth blockade line. After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army dropped sharply from more than 86,000 people when they set out in the Long March to more than 30,000 people. htmlOctober After the Long March of the Central Red Army, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Central Branch of the Soviet Area headed by Xiang Ying and the Central Government Office of the Central Military Region and Chen Yi as the director, to lead the Red Army and guerrillas who remained in the southern base areas to persist in the struggle. The Southern Guerrilla War lasted for three years, and its geographical scope included more than a dozen regions in eight provinces and was strongly coordinated with the strategic transfer of the main Red Army and retained the revolutionary power. During this period, Qu Qiubai and others died. htmlOn November 18, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting in Liping, Guizhou. According to Mao Zedong's suggestion, he passed a resolution to abandon the plan to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Army in northwestern Hunan and march to the northern part of Guizhou. Previously, the head of the CPC Central Committee held an emergency meeting in the Hunan Channel to discuss the issue of turning troops.1935
html November 15-17 The Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi, Guizhou to concentrate on solving decisive military and organizational issues at that time. The meeting elected Mao Zedong as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and entrusted Zhang Wentian to draft the "Central Resolution on the Summary of the Five "Encirclement and Suppression" of the Enemy", and canceled the "Three-man Group" established before the Long March. Shortly after the meeting, on the way to the Thaxi region of Yunnan, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided that Zhang Wentian would take the general responsibility instead of Bo Gu. Mao Zedong was the helper of Zhou Enlai in military command. Later, a three-person group composed of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang was established to be responsible for the military operations of the entire army. The Zunyi Conference is a life-and-death turning point in the history of the Party. This meeting was held at the historical juncture of the failure of the Red Army's fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and the severe setbacks in the early stage of the Long March. In fact, Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army was established, and the leadership position of the correct Marxist line represented by Mao Zedong was established in the Party Central Committee. It began to form the first generation of central leadership collective with Mao Zedong as the core, opening a new stage for the Party to independently resolve the practical problems of the Chinese revolution, and at the most critical moment, it saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. html From late November to early May, the Central Red Army crossed the Chishui River four times, crossed the Wujiang River south, feinted Guiyang, threatened Kunming, and cleverly crossed the Jinsha River, breaking away from the encirclement and interception of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops. Then he successfully passed through the Yi ethnic area of Liangshan, Sichuan, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, seized the Luding Bridge, and continued northward. htmlFrom May to July, under the command of Liu Zhidan and others, the Northern Shaanxi Red Army smashed the enemy's military "encirclement and suppression", connecting the two base areas of Shaanxi-Gansu border and northern Shaanxi into one, forming the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base (also known as the Northwest Revolutionary Base). The Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base is the only complete revolutionary base in the country with fruitful results in the late period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War. It provides a foothold for the Party Central Committee and various Red Army Red Army members in the Long March, and provides a starting point for the main force of the Eighth Route Army, adapted from the Red Army, to rush to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War after the outbreak of the National Anti-Japanese War. htmlIn mid-June, the Central Red Army crossed the Jiajin Mountain, which was covered with snow all year round, and met with the Red Fourth Front Army in Maogong, Sichuan. Based on the situation after the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the strategic policy of going north to establish a revolutionary base in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. On September 9, Zhang Guotao refused to implement the policy of going north and ordered the right army to go south. On the 12th, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting and passed the decision on Zhang Guotao's wrong. In October, Zhang Guotao, who opposed going north and insisted on going south, established a new "Central". The Fourth Red Army suffered serious losses after heading south. In June 1936, Zhang Guotao was forced to abolish the new "Central". htmlOn August 1, the delegation of the Communist International drafted the "Letter to All Compatriots in the Chinese Soviet Government and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for the Resistance of Japan and the National Saving of the People's Republic of China" (August 1 Declaration). The declaration advocates the cessation of civil war, the organization of the national defense government and the anti-Japanese coalition forces, and the war against Japan. html In mid-September, the 25th Red Army arrived at the Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base, joined forces with the local Red 26th and 27th Red Army, and was organized into the Red 15th Red Army, with Xu Haidong as the commander of the legion and Cheng Zihua as the political commissar.html September The Red 1st and Red Army and the Military Commission Column went north to Hadapu, Gansu, and was officially reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, with Peng Dehuai as commander and Mao Zedong as political commissar. On October 19, he arrived in Wuqi Town, northern Shaanxi. The main force of the Central Red Army successfully ended the Long March. On November 3, the number of the Red First Front Army was restored, with Peng Dehuai as commander and Mao Zedong as political commissar, under which the Red First Army (adapted from the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment) and the Red 15th Army were under the jurisdiction. htmlOn November 9 As Japan stepped up its invasion of North China, the Communist Party of China led Peking students to launch a massive anti-Japanese and national salvation movement (January 9th Movement), which quickly spread across the country, forming a new climax of anti-Japanese and national salvation. html From November 17 to 25, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi to determine the strategies and guidelines of the anti-Japanese national united front. After the meeting, Mao Zedong gave a report and systematically elaborated on this policy.1936
html December The anti-Japanese armed forces in the Northeast were organized into the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. By the autumn of 1937, 11 troops were established, with a total of more than 30,000 people. The Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces were successively divided into the First, Second and Third Armies, led by Yang Jingyu, Zhou Baozhong, Li Zhaolin and others. htmlDecember-July The First Red Army launched the Eastern Expedition and the Western Expedition to Shanxi, Suiyuan and other places and the border areas of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. html From late June to early July, the Red 2 and Red 6th Army arrived in the Ganzi area of Sichuan Province and met with the Red 4th Front Army. On July 5, the Second Front Army of the Red Army was established, with He Long as commander-in-chief and Ren Bishi as political commissar. Under the active struggle of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the struggle and demands of the vast number of commanders and fighters, the Red Fourth and Red Second Front Army headed north together. htmlOn October 9th The Red 1 and Red 4th Front Army met in Huining, Gansu. On the 22nd, the Red 1 and Red 2nd Army met at Jiangtai Fort, Longde, Gansu (now Xiji, Ningxia). At this point, the three main Red Army teams met successfully. The Long March is a great feat in human history, a great expedition to ideals and beliefs, test the truth, awaken the people, and create new situations. The victory of the Long March is the key to turning the Chinese revolution into safety. The Long March forged the great spirit of the Long March, which is: the spirit of taking the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country and the Chinese nation above everything else, firmly firmly upholding the ideals and beliefs of the revolution, and firmly believing in the inevitable victory of the just cause; the spirit of not being afraid of any difficulties and obstacles, and not willing to sacrifice all the sacrifices; the spirit of adhering to independence, seeking truth from facts, and starting from reality in everything; the spirit of taking the overall situation into consideration, strictly abide by discipline, and closely uniting; the spirit of relying closely on the people, relying closely on life and death, sharing weal and woe, and working hard. html In late October, in order to open up the road of Soviet aid, a unit of the Red Fourth Front Army crossed the Yellow River to prepare to implement the Ningxia battle plan under the order of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. On November 11, the river crossing troops called the West Route Army according to the central decision. The soldiers of the West Route Army who entered the Hexi Corridor fought hard with a heroic spirit of not fearing difficulties and fighting bloody battles for four months under extremely difficult conditions. Finally, they failed tragically in March 1937 because they were outnumbered. htmlOn November 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi'an Incident and detained Chiang Kai-shek. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the policy of peaceful resolution of the incident and sent Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu, Ye Jianying and others to Xi'an. After negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to make a promise to "stop suppressing the Communist Party and unite with the Red Army to fight against Japan." The peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident has become a hub for the transformation of the current situation. Under the premise of resisting Japan, the implementation of the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has become an irresistible trend.1937
html November 13 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved to Yan'an. htmlIn May, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the Party’s Soviet District representative meeting and the Party’s white district representative meeting to further summarize historical experience and clarify the Party’s tasks during the War of Resistance Against Japan. htmlOn July 7, the Japanese invading army launched the Lugou Bridge Incident (July 7 Incident), and the local Chinese garrisons rose up to resist. On the 8th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a telegram to the whole country, pointing out: "Ping and Tianjin are in crisis! North China is in crisis! The Chinese nation is in crisis! Only the whole nation implements the war of resistance is our way out!" The Lugou Bridge Incident marked the launch of a comprehensive war of aggression against China by Japanese imperialism, and also marked the full outbreak of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan, that is, the beginning of the national war of resistance. China's national war of resistance opened up the first large-scale anti-fascist battlefield in the east of the world.html July-August Mao Zedong wrote "On Practice" and "The Law of Contradiction Unification" in "Dialectical Materialism (Lecture Outline)" (later changed to "On Contradiction"). html From August 22 to 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo (Luochuan Meeting) in Luochuan, northern Shaanxi. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to uphold the leadership of the proletariat in the united front, launch an independent mountain guerrilla war in the rear of the enemy, and launch a mass movement against Japan in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. The meeting passed the "Ten Major Programs of the Communist Party of China's Anti-Japanese and National Saving the Country" and the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Current Situation and the Party's Tasks", marking the formal formation of the Party's comprehensive anti-Japanese line. The meeting decided to establish the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Mao Zedong as secretary (also known as chairman), and Zhu De and Zhou Enlai as deputy secretary (also known as vice chairman). htmlOn August 25, the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an order announcing the name of the Red Army to be renamed the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as the Eighth Route Army), with three divisions under its jurisdiction and about 46,000 troops in the entire army. The Red Army Front Command was changed to the Eighth Route Army General Command, with Zhu De as the commander-in-chief and Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander-in-chief. Later, the Red Army guerrillas (except the Qiongya Red Army guerrillas) in the eight southern provinces were reorganized into the newly formed Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (hereinafter referred to as the New Fourth Army), with four detachments under their jurisdiction, with a total army of about 10,300. Ye Ting was appointed commander and Xiang Ying was appointed deputy commander.8 The Northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee established a new leadership organ in Taiyuan. During the National Anti-Japanese War, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also established (or re-established) the Northern Branch, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch, the Taihang Branch, the Hebei-Shandong-Hebei Branch, the Shandong Branch, the Yangtze River Coast Committee, the Yangtze River Bureau, the Southeast Branch, the Southeast Branch, the Central China Bureau, the Southern Bureau, the Southern Working Committee, the Southwest Working Committee, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Central Bureau, the Northwest Bureau, and the Jinsui Branch.
html On September 22, the "Central of the Communist Party of China's Declaration on Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" was published by the Kuomintang Central News Agency. On the 23rd, Chiang Kai-shek made a conversation that actually recognized the legitimate status of the Communist Party. The declaration of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the publication of Chiang Kai-shek's conversations announced that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party re-cooperate and formed a national united front against Japan. htmlOn September 25, the main force of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army won a great victory in Pingxingguan in northeastern Shanxi, annihilated more than 1,000 Japanese troops, breaking the myth of "invincible" by the Japanese army. htmlIn November, the Soviet government (i.e. the Northwest Office of the Provisional Central Government of the People's Republic of China) of the former revolutionary base of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Revolutionary Base was officially renamed the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government (it was once called the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Special Region Government from November to January of the following year). The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is the seat of the CPC Central Committee, the political guidance center of the People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the strategic general rear of the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and other people's anti-Japanese armed forces. htmlOctober-November The Eighth Route Army cooperated with the Kuomintang army to carry out the Xinkou Battle, and successively won the battle of the Yanmen Pass and the night attack on the Japanese airport of Yangming Fort. html November 10, the Eighth Route Army began to gradually implement a strategy behind enemy lines. With the cooperation of local organizations of the Communist Party of China, by October 1938, anti-Japanese bases such as Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, northwestern Shanxi and Daqingshan, Shanxi-Hebei-Hebei, southwestern Shanxi, and Shandong were established.1938
html November 10, the temporary administrative committee of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Border Region was established in Fuping, western Hebei. This is the first united front-line anti-Japanese democratic regime behind enemy lines established by the Communist Party of China. html November The Eighth Route Army Hong Kong Office was established, known as the "Yuanhua Company". Extensive contacts with overseas Chinese, compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao and international forces to carry out the anti-Japanese struggle. htmlDecember-December The New Fourth Army entered central Anhui, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, eastern Henan and other places to carry out guerrilla warfare and establish anti-Japanese bases behind enemy lines. htmlOn December 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Resolution on the Development of a Large Number of Party Members". By the end of 1938, the number of party members nationwide increased from more than 40,000 at the beginning of the national war of resistance to more than 500,000. htmlIn April, the military and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan crushed the nine sieges of more than 30,000 Japanese troops, annihilated more than 4,000 enemies, and recovered 18 county towns.htmlFrom May 26th to June 3rd Mao Zedong made a long speech on "On Protracted War", pointing out that: Japan is an imperialist power, China is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal weak country; Japan's war of aggression is regressive and barbaric, China's anti-aggression war is progressive and just; Japan is a small country that cannot withstand long-term wars, China is a big country that can support long-term wars; Japan's injustice wars lose their power but few support, and China's just wars get the power but many support. The first point determines that Japan's offense can be rampant in China for a while, and China cannot win quickly; the last three points determine that China will not perish. After a long-term war of resistance, the final victory belongs to China. "On Protracted War" systematically clarifies the party's general strategy of the protracted war against Japan and is a programmatic document for the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the War of Resistance Against Japan. html From September 29 to November 6, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an. The plenary session put forward the proposition of the sinicization of Marxism for the first time, reiterating that individuals obey the organization, minorities obey the majority, subordinates obey superiors, and the whole party obeys the central government's discipline, correctly analyzes the situation of the Anti-Japanese War, stipulates the Party's tasks in the new stage of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and has made a comprehensive strategic plan to realize the Party's leadership over the War of Resistance Against Japan, further consolidates Mao Zedong's leadership in the whole Party, unifies the thoughts and pace of the whole Party, and promotes the rapid development of all work. htmlOn October Guangzhou and Wuhan fell one after another, and the national war of resistance to Japan shifted from strategic defense to strategic stalemate. During the strategic defense stage, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army fought more than 1,600 times on the same day, killing, wounding and capturing more than 54,000 enemies, the Eighth Route Army grew to more than 156,000 people, and the New Fourth Army grew to 25,000 people, and the total population of the Anti-Japanese Base Area (including guerrilla areas) reached more than 50 million. Before and after the fall of Guangzhou, Zhou Enlai transferred cultural figures and democrats from the occupied areas such as Shanghai and Nanjing, including Soong Ching Ling, He Xiangning, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Liu Yazi, Cai Yuanpei, etc. to Guangzhou and Hong Kong through Pan Hannian. Some of them remained in Hong Kong, strengthening the anti-Japanese and national salvation forces in Hong Kong's cultural circles. htmlOctober-December The local Communist Party of China in Guangdong organized and led the people of all ethnic groups such as Han, Li, Miao and other ethnic groups to establish anti-Japanese guerrillas, opening up a battlefield behind enemy lines in South China. During the War of Resistance of the whole nation, the Communist Party of China implemented the ethnic policy of equality and unity in all ethnic groups to fight against Japan, and developed a large number of ethnic minority anti-Japanese armed forces. Compatriots in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and overseas Chinese also actively participated in anti-Japanese and national salvation activities.1939
htmlOn November 16, the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was established in Chongqing. Zhou Enlai was secretary (in June 1943, Dong Biwu was presided over the work), responsible for leading the Southern Kuomintang-controlled areas and some occupied areas and overseas party organizations, as well as the Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army Offices, Xinhua Daily, Mass Weekly and other public institutions established within this scope. The Southern Bureau adheres to the principle of resistance, unity and progress, and widely carries out all aspects of united front work. html From November 17 to February 4, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Senate held its first first meeting and passed the "Shaansu-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Policy Program during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression". Lin Boqu was elected as chairman of the border region government. html November-March The main force of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army and the troops of the southern Hebei Military Region carried out an anti-"sweeping" operation, consolidating the anti-Japanese base in southern Hebei. From January to April, the main force of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army joined forces with the Hebei Central Military Region and smashed the Japanese and puppet troops to siege many times. From July to August, the military and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas of Shanxi, Hebei and Henan, under the unified command of the Eighth Route Army Headquarters, counterattacked the "mopping up" of more than 50,000 Japanese troops. htmlDecember 2 In order to overcome serious economic difficulties, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a production mobilization meeting in Yan'an, and Mao Zedong issued a call to "do it yourself". The military and civilians in the Anti-Japanese Base Area successively launched large-scale production movements. In the spring of 1941, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army entered Nanniwan to carry out military cultivation and farming, becoming a banner of the army's large-scale production movement. Including the development of production, the anti-Japanese base areas have successively implemented the three policies of fighting against the enemy, streamlining the army and streamlining government, unifying leadership, supporting the government and loving the people, rectifying the three styles, reviewing cadres, current affairs education, "three three systems", and reducing rents and interest rates, which have played an important role in overcoming difficulties, tide over difficulties, and consolidating the anti-Japanese base areas.During the Yan'an period, the Party cultivated and formed the Yan'an spirit with firm and correct political direction, ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard work as the main content, which is the precious spiritual wealth of our Party. htmlIn March, Luo Ronghuan and Chen Guang led the first 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army into western Shandong. In May, the battle of the land-fence breakthrough was won in the Feicheng area of Tai'an, killing and wounding more than 1,300 Japanese soldiers. html From May to November, the New Fourth Army of Central China completed the task of implementing a strategic plan behind enemy lines, and successively established the Jiangbei Command in Dongtangchi, Lujiang, Central Anhui, and the Jiangnan Command in Shuixi Village, Liyang, southern Jiangsu, with Zhang Yunyi and Chen Yi respectively. htmlOn July 7, the "Declaration on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to commemorate the Second Anniversary of the War of Resistance Against Japan" was published, proposing three major political slogans: adhere to the War of Resistance Against Japan, oppose surrender, adhere to unity, oppose separatism, adhere to progress and oppose regression. htmlOn October 4 Mao Zedong published the "Communist" publication speech", pointing out that the united front, armed struggle, and party building are the three magic weapons for the Communist Party of China to defeat the enemy in the Chinese revolution, and called party building a "great project." htmlOctober-December The Eighth Route Army's Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei troops, with the cooperation of the 120th Division, crushed more than 20,000 Japanese troops' large-scale "mopping up" of Beiyue District. The commander of the Japanese Lieutenant General Brigade was killed in the Huangtuling ambush. This was the highest-level commander of the Japanese army killed by the Eighth Route Army during the Anti-Japanese War. html November 10, Dr. Norman Bethune, a Canadian Communist Party member who came to China to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan, passed away in Tang County, Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. Mao Zedong wrote the elegy and wrote "Learning Bethune" (later changed to "Commemorating Bethune"). In December 1942, Ke Dihua, an Indian doctor who came to China to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan, passed away in Tang County. Mao Zedong wrote the elegy. html November - the following spring, the Kuomintang diehards set off their first anti-communist climax. The Communist Party of China led the military and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas to adhere to the principle of self-defense and defeated the attack of the diehards.1940
html November Mao Zedong published the "Theory of New Democracy", systematically elaborating on the theory of new democracy. The proposal and systematic explanation of the new democratic theory are major theoretical achievements in the sinicization of Marxism, marking the development of Mao Zedong Thought in many aspects and becoming more mature. htmlIn April, the Northwest Working Committee of the CPC Central Committee formulated the "Outline on the Issues of the Hui and Hui Ethnicity". In July, the "Outline on Mongolian Ethnic Issues during the War of Resistance Against Japan" was formulated. With the approval of the Central Secretariat, it became a programmatic document for guiding ethnic work during the War of Resistance Against Japan. htmlOn June 1, Mao Zedong met with Chen Jiageng and others who led overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia to return to China to condolence inspection team to Yan'an. Previously, more than 40 overseas Chinese-saving groups from Southeast Asian countries established the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Relief Association with Tan Kah Kee as the chairman in Singapore in October 1938, and actively carried out the anti-Japanese patriotic movement. htmlOn August 20th - late January of the following year, the Eighth Route Army headquarters launched a large-scale attack on the Japanese army (a Hundred Regiments Battle) in North China. There were about 200,000 people from 105 groups. By early December 1940, the military and civilians behind enemy lines had fought 1,824 times, killing and wounding more than 25,000 Japanese and puppet troops, capturing 281 Japanese and more than 18,000 puppet troops. htmlOn September 18, the Secretariat of the Central Committee issued a notice on carrying out work in large cities behind enemy lines, establishing a working committee behind enemy lines with Zhou Enlai as the main responsibility, with Chongqing as the center in the south and Yan'an as the center in the north, leading the promotion of work behind enemy lines. htmlOn November 17, the General Command of the Eighth Route Army of the Central China New Fourth Army was established in Hai'an, northern Jiangsu. Ye Ting was appointed as the commander-in-chief, Liu Shaoqi was appointed as the political commissar, and Chen Yi was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief (acting command-in-chief before Ye Ting arrived). By the end of the year, in more than two years of guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, the New Fourth Army had fought against Japanese and puppet troops more than 2,700 times, killed, wounded and captured 55,000 enemies, and established anti-Japanese bases such as eastern Anhui, Henan, Anhui, Northeast Anhui, and northern Jiangsu in central China, expanded the anti-Japanese bases in southern and central Anhui, and communicated the connection between North China and Central China's anti-Japanese bases. The main force developed to nearly 90,000 people, and hundreds of thousands of local armed forces and non-productive local armed forces.1941
html In early November, more than 9,000 troops from the New Fourth Army and its southern Anhui troops were ambushed and besieged by more than 80,000 Kuomintang troops while moving northward in accordance with the orders of the Kuomintang military authorities. Most of them died heroically or were captured. The commander Ye Ting was detained and the deputy commander Xiang Ying was killed. This is the Southern Anhui Incident. After the incident, Chiang Kai-shek falsely claimed that the New Fourth Army had "rebelled" and announced the cancellation of his number. The Communist Party of China adopts the policy of strictly adhering to self-defense militarily and resolutely fighting back politically. On January 20, the Central Military Commission issued an order to rebuild the New Fourth Army headquarters, with Chen Yi as the acting commander and Liu Shaoqi as the political commissar. By March, the second anti-communist climax of the Kuomintang diehards was repelled. htmlOn May 1, the "Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Policy Program" approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was officially published. In November, the second Senate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was held, and the "Regulations on the Protection of Human Rights and Financial Rights in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region" was passed. The enlightened gentleman Li Dingming was elected as the vice chairman of the border region government. htmlOn May 19 Mao Zedong delivered a report on "Reforming Our Study". From September to October, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Yan'an. Senior Party cadres began to study and study the history of the Party, summarize the historical experience of the Party, in order to distinguish right from wrong from the political line, and achieve a basic consensus, and prepare for the general rectification of the whole Party. htmlJune June With the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Japanese invaders were determined to step up their battles against China, and the Chinese battlefield became the main battlefield in the east of the world anti-fascist war. The Japanese army launched devastating "sweeping" and "encroaching" against various anti-Japanese base areas, especially the anti-Japanese base areas in North China, and the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines entered an unprecedented difficult period. The military and civilians in the base areas of Shanxi, Chahar, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Shandong and northern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu, southern Jiangsu and other bases have created various forms of armed struggle such as tunnel warfare, mine warfare, sparrow warfare, siege warfare, and water guerrilla warfare, giving full play to the power of people's war and effectively attacking the enemy. During the arduous war of resistance behind enemy lines, countless heroic deeds emerged among the vast army and civilians. Yang Jingyu, commander-in-chief and political commissar of the First Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Zhao Shangzhi, deputy commander-in-chief of the Second Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Zuo Quan, deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, and Peng Xuefeng, commander of the Fourth Division of the New Fourth Army, died in the battle. Eighth Route Army soldiers Ma Baoyu, Hu Delin, Hu Fucai, Song Xueyi and Ge Zhenlin jumped off the cliff after firing the last bullet and were called the "Five Heroes of Langya Mountain". The "Liu Laozhuang Company" of the New Fourth Army died heroically in the battle with the enemy. htmlOn November 9 The day after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Communist Party of China issued a declaration advocating the establishment of a united front for all anti-Japanese nations in the Pacific. On January 1, 1942, 26 countries including China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union signed the "United Nations Declaration", and the international anti-fascist united front was officially formed. html November - the spring of the following year Under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Southern Bureau, the Hong Kong and Guangdong Party organizations and anti-Japanese guerrillas secretly rescued patriotic democrats, cultural figures and other people trapped when the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong, including He Xiangning, Liu Yazi, Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, Hu Sheng, Xia Yan, Liang Shuming, etc., a total of more than 800 people. After the fall of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong and Kowloon Brigade of the Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps established under the leadership of the Communist Party advanced to the enemy's back and insisted on carrying out guerrilla warfare.1942
html In early December, Mao Zedong made speeches in "Reorganization of the Party's Style and Writing Style" (later changed to "Reorganization of the Party's Style") and "Opposing the Party's Eight Essays", proposing to oppose subjectivism to rectify the academic style, opposing sectarianism to rectify the Party's Style and Writing Style. The rectification movement was widely carried out throughout the party. htmlIn May, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a literary and artistic symposium in Yan'an. Mao Zedong delivered a speech, clarifying that revolutionary literature and art serve the people is first and foremost the fundamental direction of serving the workers, peasants and soldiers. htmlFrom May to June, the anti-Japanese base in central Hebei Province counterattacked more than 50,000 Japanese and puppet troops' "sweeping-up" and annihilated more than 10,000 enemies. htmlOn September 1, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed the "Decision on Unifying the Party Leadership of Anti-Japanese Base Areas and Adjusting Relations between Organizations", which stipulated that the Anti-Japanese Base Areas should implement the unified leadership of the Party, and the Central representative organs and party committees at all levels are the highest leading organs in all regions.1941-1942 The Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, the guerrillas and militia fought more than 42,000 times, killing and wounding more than 331,000 Japanese and puppet troops.The anti-"mopping up" struggle between the military and civilians behind enemy lines restrained and eliminated a large number of Japanese troops, becoming the most important factor for China to adhere to the long-term war of resistance and a huge support for the world anti-fascist war.
1943
htmlOn November 15, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government made the "Decision on Supporting the Army". On the 25th, the headquarters and political department of the Eighth Route Army left-behind Corps made the "Decision on Supporting the Government and Caring for the People." Under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region launched a massive mass movement to support the military (support the military and prefer family members, support the government and love the people). htmlOn December 20, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee passed the "Decision on Adjustment and Simplification of Central Institutions", presuming that Mao Zedong was the Chairman of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and decided that Mao Zedong was the Chairman of the Secretariat of the Central Committee; the Secretariat of the Central Committee consisted of Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi and Ren Bishi; Liu Shaoqi participated in the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and served as the Vice Chairman of the Military Commission. html On June 10, the Communist International was officially disbanded. In July, the Kuomintang diehards took advantage of the dissolution of the Communist International to launch the third anti-communist climax. The third anti-communist climax was stopped before it developed into a large-scale armed invasion.This year, the military and civilians of the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines carried out anti-"mopping up", anti-"encroachment" and anti-"cleaning" and "cleaning the countryside" struggles to defend and expand the base areas, and gradually overcome serious difficult situations. The Eighth Route Army fought more than 24,800 times with the enemy in North China, killed and wounded more than 136,000 Japanese and puppet troops, captured more than 50,000 people, and fought for more than 6,600 puppet troops and surrendered more than 6,600 puppet troops; the New Fourth Army fought more than 4,500 Japanese and puppet troops in Central China, smashed more than 1,000 enemies and "sweeping" more than 30 times with more than 36,000 Japanese and puppet troops, and fought for more than 9,300 puppet troops; the South China Anti-Japanese Guerrillas also crushed the Japanese "sweeping" and consolidated and expanded the anti-Japanese bases in Dongjiang and Qiongya.
1944
htmlOn May 11, when the Kuomintang army retreated in the front battlefield of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an instruction requiring the organization of anti-Japanese guerrillas and people's armed forces in Henan to establish an anti-Japanese base. From July to October, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army successively established and expanded anti-Japanese bases such as eastern Henan, central Henan, and western Henan, restored the anti-Japanese bases of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, and strengthened the ties between Central China and North China and northern Shaanxi. html From May 21 to April 20 of the following year, the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an. The plenary session passed the proposal of Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Central Committee and passed the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues", which affirmed the great significance of establishing Mao Zedong's leadership in the whole party, so that the whole party, especially senior party cadres, can understand the basic issues of China's democratic revolution, and achieve consistency on the basis of Marxism-Leninism. At this point, the rectification movement was successfully concluded. The rectification movement was a profound Marxist ideological education movement, which achieved great results. Through the rectification movement, new unity and unity of the whole party under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core was achieved, and an important ideological and political foundation was laid for the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the victory of the new democratic revolution across the country. The experience accumulated by the Yan'an Rectification Movement is of great and far-reaching significance to Party building. html From July to August, the US military headquarters of the China-Myanmar-Indian Theater sent a US military observation team to Yan'an. On August 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Diplomatic Work", clarifying the nature, content and national stance of the Party's diplomatic work. In the late period of the national war of resistance against Japan, the Party had already begun "semi-independent diplomacy". htmlOn September 15, the representative of the Communist Party of China, Lin Boqu, proposed at the National Political Conference that he would immediately end the Kuomintang’s one-party rule and establish a democratic coalition government of various anti-Japanese parties. html September Zhang Side, a soldier of the Central Security Corps, died while burning charcoal in Ansai, northern Shaanxi. Mao Zedong delivered a speech Serving the People at the memorial service, pointing out: "We die for the people, and we die as our own." html November 1001, more than 4,000 main force of the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army and about 5,000 cadres selected by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to work in the south, formed the South Detachment from Yan'an, advanced to the enemy behind Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Guangdong, and opened up a new anti-Japanese base. html November 10, the main force of the First Division of the New Fourth Army crossed the Yangtze River from central Jiangsu to carry out the strategic tasks of developing to the southeast enemy rear, controlling the borders of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and developing the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang.This year, the Communist Party of China led the military and civilians behind enemy lines to launch a local counterattack in North China, Central China and South China, annihilated nearly 200,000 Japanese and puppet troops, recovered a large area of land, and liberated more than 17 million people.
1945
Spring and Summer The Communist Party of China led the people's anti-Japanese armed forces to continue to carry out offensive operations. The anti-Japanese forces and anti-Japanese bases continued to develop, creating favorable conditions for the transfer to a comprehensive counterattack and the final victory of the anti-Japanese war.
html From April 23 to June 11, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an. There were 547 formal representatives attending the conference, 208 alternate representatives, representing 1.21 million party members across the country. Mao Zedong delivered the opening speech, submitted the political report on "On the United Government" to the Congress and made an oral report, Zhu De made a military report on "On the battlefield in the liberated areas", Liu Shaoqi made a "Report on the Amendment of the Party Constitution", and Zhou Enlai made a speech on "On the United Front". The Congress proposed the Party’s political line and summarized the fine style formed by the Party in its long-term struggle into three major styles. The Seventh National Congress was an extremely important national congress held by the Party during the New Democratic Revolution, and was recorded in the history of the Party with "Unity Conference, Victory Conference". The Congress elected a new Central Committee. The conference established Mao Zedong Thought as the guiding ideology of the whole party and included it in the Party Constitution. html From April 25 to June 26 A Chinese delegation, including the representative of the Communist Party of China Dong Biwu, attended the UN Constitutional Conference held in San Francisco, USA and signed the UN Charter. China has become one of the founding members of the United Nations and one of the five permanent members of the Security Council. htmlOn June 19, the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China elected Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi as the secretaries of the Central Secretariat, and Mao Zedong as the Chairman of the Central Committee, the Chairman of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the Chairman of the Central Secretariat. In August, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided that Mao Zedong would be the chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai would be the vice chairman. htmlOn August 9, Mao Zedong issued a statement on "The Last Battle Against Japanese Invaders". Subsequently, Zhu De issued seven comprehensive counterattack orders. China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression entered a stage of full-scale counterattack. htmlOn August 15, Japanese Emperor Hirohito released the "Decree of the End of the War" in a radio format. Japan surrendered unconditionally. htmlOn August 28, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei went to Chongqing to conduct peaceful negotiations with the Kuomintang representatives (Chongqing Negotiations). On October 10, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party signed the "Minutes of Talks between the Government and the Communist Party of China" (Double Tenth Agreement).8 The Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan was established. During the War of Liberation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also established (or re-established) the Central Bureau of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau, Hebei-Reliao Branch, Hebei-Chahar-Reliao Branch, Northeast Bureau, North Manchuria Branch, West Manchuria Branch, Liaodong (South Manchuria) Branch, East Manchuria Branch, East Manchuria Branch, Central China Working Committee, Shandong Branch, Hubei-Hebei-Anhui Central Bureau, Central Plains Bureau, Henan-Anhui-Sui Branch, Central China Bureau, North China Bureau, Southern Working Committee, Chongqing (South) Bureau, Nanjing Bureau, Shanghai Branch, Shanghai Bureau, Hong Kong Branch, and South China Branch; the organizational structure of the Northwest Bureau and Jinsui Branch continued to be maintained.
9/2 The Japanese representative signed the surrender letter. 1.28 million Japanese invaders surrendered to China. At this point, China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan ended, and the World Anti-Fascist War also ended. September 3 became the anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. On October 25, the Chinese government held a surrender ceremony in Taiwan. Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, which were occupied by Japan for 50 years, have returned to China's sovereignty. The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the longest, largest and most sacrificed national liberation struggle against foreign invasions in modern times, and it is also the first national liberation struggle to achieve complete victory. The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has become a historical turning point for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it also has great and far-reaching significance for the progress of world civilization. The Chinese people made huge national sacrifices in the War of Resistance Against Japan. According to incomplete statistics, more than 35 million military and civilian casualties were killed or killed during the war; according to the ratio in 1937, China's direct economic losses were more than 100 billion US dollars and indirect economic losses were more than 500 billion US dollars. The Communist Party of China played a pivotal role in the national war of resistance. This is the decisive factor in the complete victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and other people's anti-Japanese armed forces fought against the enemy more than 125,000 times, suppressing and annihilated a large number of Japanese troops and annihilated most of the puppet troops. The battlefield behind enemy lines gradually became the main battlefield of the Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. By the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the People's Army had grown to about 1.32 million people and the militia had grown to more than 2.6 million people; the anti-Japanese democratic base, namely the liberated area, led by the Communist Party of China, had 19 pieces, with an area of nearly 1 million square kilometers and a population of nearly 100 million. The proportion of the Communist Party of China in the country's social and political life has increased significantly compared with before the Anti-Japanese War. This created unprecedented favorable conditions for ultimately achieving the victory of the New Democratic Revolution on the basis of achieving the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. In the grand process of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese people nurtured a great spirit of resistance, showing the world the patriotic sentiment of the rise and fall of the world, the national integrity of treating death as if it were home, the heroic spirit of not fearing violence and fighting to the end, and the indomitable and persevering belief in victory.
htmlOn September 19, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the strategic policy of "developing northward and defending southward", emphasizing that the current main task of the whole party and the army is to completely control the two provinces of Rehe and Chahar, develop the Northeast power and strive to control the Northeast. To this end, 20,000 cadres and 110,000 troops were sent to the Northeast, including 10 Central Committee members and 10 alternate members of the Central Committee. htmlOn September 21, the Central Secretariat issued the "Instructions on Expanding Army and Organizing Field Army." By forming field troops or field corps, the strategic transformation from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare is completed from organizational system.1946
html November 5 The Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached an agreement on stop domestic military conflict. On the 10th, the two sides issued a ceasefire order. html In early November, the CCP representative Zhou Enlai, a representative of the Kuomintang government, Zhang Qun (later Zhang Zhizhong, etc.) and the US Presidential Special Envoy Marshall (later replaced by Guillen), who was ordered to come to China to "mediate" the dispute between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, formed a "three-person meeting" to discuss resolving domestic military conflicts and related matters. Repeated consultations were made on issues such as resumption of transportation, military reorganization, and Northeast Armistice, and some agreements were reached. However, because the Kuomintang did not have sincerity in peace talks, the "three-person meeting" was unsustainable and no longer activities were held after late June. htmlThe political consultation meeting was held in Chongqing from November 10 to 31. Representatives from the Kuomintang, the Communist Party, the Democratic League, the Al Shabaab and non-party members participated and passed five agreements: the government organization case, the National Assembly case, the peaceful nation-building program, the military issue case, and the draft constitution case. htmlOn May 4, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Land Issues" (May 4th Instructions), changing the rent reduction and interest reduction of the entire nation during the War of Resistance against Japan to the policy of "the land of the farmer" and pointed out that solving the land problem in the liberated areas is the most basic historical task of the Party at present. All liberated areas quickly launched a land reform campaign. htmlOn June 26, the Kuomintang tore up the armistice agreement and the CPPCC agreement, and blatantly attacked the Central Plains Liberated Area with 220,000 people. Afterwards, the Kuomintang army launched a large-scale attack on other liberated areas. A full-scale civil war broke out. htmlOn July 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the party instructions "Smashing Chiang Kai-shek's Attack with the Self-Defense War". htmlOn August 6 Mao Zedong made the famous statement that "all reactionaries are paper tigers" in his conversation with American journalist Anna Louis Strong. Mao Zedong said that the reactionaries will fail one day, and we will win one day. The reason for this is nothing else, it is that the reactionaries represent reaction, and we represent progress. htmlOn November 21, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Yan'an and decided to use "destroy Chiang Kai-shek" as the final policy to resolve domestic problems. htmlOn November 30th, a demonstration was held for protest against the US military stationed in China for rape of a female student in the preparatory class of Peking University. This was a campaign to protest against the atrocities of the US military stationed in China. On the 31st, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed the underground party organizations in the Kuomintang-ruled areas to mobilize the masses of major cities to respond to the Peking student movement. By January 10, 1947, the fight against violence expanded to 26 cities in 14 provinces and 26 cities, with a total of 500,000 students participating in class strikes, parades, etc.1947
html December The Kuomintang government successively notified all representatives stationed in Nanjing, Shanghai, Chongqing and other places to take back all the negotiation and liaison work. In early March, the Communist Party personnel stationed in the above three places retreated to Yan'an respectively. The relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was completely broken.html From March 18 to 19, the central government and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region troops withdrew from Yan'an and began to fight in northern Shaanxi. Previously, on March 13, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Hu Zongnan to lead 250,000 troops to attack the Liberated Area of Shaanxi from the south, west and north. The Kuomintang army's comprehensive offensive was changed to a key offensive towards northern Shaanxi and Shandong. html From December 29 to 30, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held in Zaolingou, Qingjian, northern Shaanxi to discuss the actions of the central organs. Soon, the central organs were divided into three parts, consisting of Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and others, and went to North China to carry out the work entrusted by the Central Committee; Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi led the central government and the elite organs of the People's Liberation Army headquarters to continue to stay in northern Shaanxi and command battles on all battlefields across the country; the Central Rear Committee chaired by Ye Jianying and Yang Shangkun was transferred to northwest Shanxi to coordinate the work in the rear. htmlOn May 1, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government was officially established, and Ulanfu was the chairman of the government. This is the first provincial-level ethnic autonomous government led by the Communist Party of China. htmlOn May 20, more than 5,000 students from Nanjing, Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou took to the streets of Nanjing to hold a "Joint March to Save the Education Crisis", shouting slogans such as "anti-hunger" and "anti-civil war", which were suppressed by reactionary authorities. On the same day, more than 7,000 students in Peking also held a demonstration of "anti-hunger" and "anti-civil war" (May 20 Movement). The rise of student movement has promoted the rise of the entire people's movement. In 1947, more than 3 million workers went on strike in more than 20 large and medium-sized cities across the country. In rural areas, the vast majority of farmers resisted the arrest of vacancies, the collection of grain and taxes. Under the leadership and promotion of the Communist Party, the struggle between the patriotic democratic movement with students as the vanguard and the Kuomintang government gradually formed a second front to cooperate with the People's Liberation War. htmlOn June 30, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of the Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan field army to cross the Yellow River, opening the prelude to the strategic offensive. At the end of August, Liu and Deng's army leaped into the Dabie Mountains for thousands of miles. In late August, Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi led a unit of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army to cross the Yellow River and advance into western Henan. In September, Chen Yi and Su Yu led the main force of the East China Field Army to cross the Longhai Railway and headed south into the Henan-Anhui-Su Plain. The three armies fought to the outside line and formed a "公"-shaped formation. html From July 17 to September 13, the National Land Conference was held in Xibaipo, Jianping, Hebei Province (now Pingshan). The meeting was chaired by Liu Shaoqi and formulated the "Outline of China Land Law". On October 10, the central government approved the issuance. The Outline of China's Land Law is a completely anti-feudal agrarian revolution program. It stipulates: "The land system of feudal and semi-feudal exploitation was abolished, and a land system in which the farmer had his own land." After the outline was published, a land reform boom quickly formed in the liberated areas. html From July 21 to 23, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in Xiaohe Village, Jingbian, northern Shaanxi, focusing on discussing the deployment of strategic offensives and issues such as land reform in the liberated areas, financial and financial work. Mao Zedong proposed to plan to resolve the problem of the struggle with Chiang Kai-shek in five years (from July 1946). htmlOn October 10th, the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army of China issued a declaration, proposing the slogan of "defeating Chiang Kai-shek and liberating the whole of China."Autumn - the end of the following year According to the deployment of the National Land Conference on Party rectification work, all liberated areas adopted methods such as combining inside and outside the Party, and generally carried out a party rectification movement with the basic content of "three investigations" (checking classes, checking ideas, and checking work style) and "three rectifications" (clearing organizations, rectifying ideas, and rectifying work style), so that rural grassroots party organizations have made great progress in ideological, political and organizational aspects, and the party and the masses have become closer.
html From November 25 to 28, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in Yangjiagou, Mizhi, northern Shaanxi (December meeting). The meeting passed the written report "The Current Situation and Our Mission" submitted by Mao Zedong. The report clarifies the Party’s most basic political program and the three major economic programs of the New Democratic Revolution, and puts forward ten military principles.Winter - the following year autumn The People's Liberation Army took advantage of the combat gaps, started from class education, and used methods such as complaining (reporting the pain given to the working people by the old society and the reactionaries), "three investigations" (checking classes, checking work, checking fighting spirit), and "three rectifications" (reorganization, rectifying thoughts, rectifying work style) to generally carry out a new military rectification movement.
1948
htmlOn December 23, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi led the central organs and the People's Liberation Army headquarters to cross the Yellow River east, met with the Central Rear Committee, and then arrived at Xibaipo to meet with the Central Working Committee. The Central Working Committee and the Central Rear Committee will be abolished immediately. htmlOn April 30, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a slogan commemorating the May Day International Labor Day, calling for a new political consultation meeting to prepare for the establishment of a democratic coalition government. Representatives from various democratic parties and strata responded enthusiastically, entered the liberated areas through various channels, and under the leadership of the Communist Party, they participated in the preparations for the new CPPCC and the establishment of a new China. htmlOn May 9, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to merge the two liberated areas of Shanxi, Chahar, Hebei, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan and their leadership bodies to form the North China Bureau (Liu Shaoqi also serves as the first secretary) and the North China Joint Administrative Committee. On September 26, the North China People's Government was officially established, and Dong Biwu was appointed as chairman. html People's Daily was founded in June. In August 1949, it officially became the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. html From August to September of the following year, the Hong Kong Branch of the CPC Central Committee and the Hong Kong Working Committee organized escorts of democrats to the north more than 20 times. More than 350 people including Shen Junru, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, Huang Yanpei, Zhang Bojun, etc., plus more than 1,000 party cadres, arrived in Peking, providing an important guarantee for the convening of the new CPPCC meeting. html From September 8 to 13, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held in Xibaipo. The meeting proposed the strategic task of building a 5 million People's Liberation Army to fundamentally overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang in about five years (calculated from July 1946). html From September 12 to November 2, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan led the main forces of the Northeast Field Army and local armed forces to carry out the Liaoshen Campaign. The entire northeast is liberated. By November, the total strength of the People's Liberation Army increased to 3.1 million people, and the total strength of the Kuomintang army dropped to 2.9 million people. From then on, the People's Liberation Army not only had an advantage in quality, but also gained an advantage in quantity. The military situation of the Chinese people's revolution has reached a new turning point. html From September 16th to 24th, the East China Field Army carried out the Jinan Battle and liberated Jinan. htmlOn September 20, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a decision on improving the party committee system, pointing out that the party committee system is an important system to ensure collective leadership and prevent individuals from taking charge of the party committee, and a sound party committee meeting system should be established.Autumn - the following summer Under the leadership of the Communist Party, people's organizations such as the All-China Federation of Democratic Women, the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles have been established and expanded one after another.
htmlOn November 1, the Central Military Commission issued the "Regulations on Unifying the Organization and Force Numbers of the Whole Army", requiring that the numbers of all troops above the regiment and division are given the words "Chinese People's Liberation Army". html November 6th - January 10th of the following year The general front-line committee composed of Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu and Tan Zhenlin, with Deng Xiaoping as secretary led the East China Field Army, the Central Plains Field Army and some local armed forces to carry out the Huaihai Campaign. The vast area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was liberated. html November 29th - January 31st of the following year, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen and others led the Northeast Field Army, the Second and Third Corps of the North China Military Region, and the local troops of the North China and Northeast Military Regions to carry out the Pingjin Battle. The entire North China was basically liberated. During this period, Peking was peacefully liberated on January 31, 1949. The three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin were strategic decisive battles between the People's Liberation Army and the main forces of the Kuomintang army, killing more than 1.54 million enemies. At this point, the main military force Chiang Kai-shek relied on to maintain his rule was basically eliminated, and the People's Liberation Army arrived in the Yangtze River, and the whole country was on the eve of the victory of the revolution. htmlOn November 1st, the People's Bank of China was established and issued RMB. htmlOn November 30, Mao Zedong wrote a New Year's speech to Xinhua News Agency's "Put the Revolution to the End".This year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued continuous instructions, requiring the establishment of a system of requesting instructions and reporting in organizations at all levels of the Party and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party.
1949
htmlOn November 15, the Central Military Commission further made a decision on the organization and number of the entire army: the Northwest, Central Plains, East China, and Northeast Field Army were successively changed to the First, Second, Third and Fourth Field Army. In the same month, the main force of the North China Military Region was directly under the People's Liberation Army Headquarters. The people's armed forces who insisted on guerrilla warfare in the south have been reorganized into the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Column, the Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Column, the Guangxi-Yunnan-Guizhou Border Column, the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Border Column, etc. Other guerrillas have also been reorganized one after another.On the eve of the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River, the southern guerrilla forces, including the Qiongya Column, which had long insisted on the struggle on Hainan Island, grew to more than 50,000 people. htmlNovember 31-February 7 Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and others held many talks with Migoyang, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (Bolshevikstan) who arrived in Xibaipo to clarify the development situation of China's revolution, the nature of the regime of the new China, and the internal and foreign policy, and strive for the Soviet Union's understanding and support for the Chinese revolution. When Mao Zedong met with Mi Gaoyang, he proposed the policy of "cleaning the house and then treating guests", and before and after that, he also proposed the policy of "starting a new job" and "one-sided" which laid the foundation for the foreign policy of New China. htmlThe Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Xibaipo from March 5 to 13. The plenary session stipulates the basic policies that the Party should adopt in politics, economy and diplomacy after its national victory, pointing out the development direction of China's transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country and from a new democratic society to a socialist society. The plenary session discussed and determined the issue of shifting the focus of the Party’s work from rural areas to cities. Mao Zedong put forward the idea of "two musts" at the plenary session, namely: "It is necessary to make comrades continue to maintain a modest, cautious, not arrogant and impatient style, and it is necessary to make comrades continue to maintain a style of hard work." htmlOn December 23, Mao Zedong led the central government to leave Xibaipo and headed towards Beiping. For Zhou En, today was the day to go to Beijing, and he went to Beijing to "take the exam". We will never be Li Zicheng, we all hope to get good grades. On the 25th, Mao Zedong and other central leaders, as well as central organs and the People's Liberation Army headquarters, entered Peiping. htmlOn April 1, the Communist Party of China delegation headed by Zhou Enlai and the Kuomintang government delegation held peaceful negotiations in Peiping. After consultation, the Chinese Communist Party delegation proposed the "Domestic Peace Agreement" (Last Amendment) on the 15th and announced that April 20 is the final signing time. The Kuomintang government refused to accept it. The People's Liberation Army then launched the battle of crossing the river, and the Kuomintang government's attempt to "divide the river and govern" went bankrupt. htmlOn April 21, Mao Zedong and Zhu De issued the "Order to March to the Country". From the night of the 20th to the 21st, the Second and Third Field Army, commanded by the General Front Enemy Committee (Deng Xiaoping is the secretary), composed of Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu and Tan Zhenlin, launched the Battle of Crossing the River with the cooperation of the Fourth Field Army Advance Corps and the Central Plains Military Region troops. Millions of heroic troops crossed the Yangtze River. Nanjing was liberated on the 23rd, and the Kuomintang rule that lasted for 22 years was declared destroyed. Liberate Shanghai on May 27. The Fourth Field Army Advance Corps crossed the Yangtze River in May and liberated the three towns of Wuhan. Subsequently, the various armies of the People's Liberation Army continued to march to the southeast, central and southern, northwest and southwest. htmlOn June 30, Mao Zedong published an article "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship", which publicly explained the Communist Party of China's propositions on the establishment of a new China and pointed out that the people's democratic dictatorship requires the leadership of the working class. html From June to August Liu Shaoqi led a delegation of the Communist Party of China to visit the Soviet Union, met with leaders of the Communist Party of China (Borneo) Stalin, Molotov, Malenkov, Migoyan, etc., informed the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Borneo) that China's Revolutionary War is about to be won and a new political consultation meeting will be held to establish a coalition government. The two sides exchanged views on future diplomatic relations and Soviet aid to China's economy and national defense construction, and reached a preliminary agreement. html From August 14 to September 16, Mao Zedong wrote five comments for Xinhua News Agency, including "Get rid of fantasies and prepare for the struggle", exposing the imperialist nature of the United States' policy toward China, criticizing some people's unrealistic fantasies about imperialism, and theoretically explaining the occurrence and the causes of the Chinese revolution. html From September 21 to 30, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Peiping. A total of 662 representatives attended the meeting. The meeting passed the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" that plays the role of the temporary constitution, as well as the "Organization Law of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference", the "Organization Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" and other documents. The meeting decided that the capital of the country was scheduled to be in Peiping, and that Peiping would be renamed Beijing; the year was adopted by the AD; the national anthem was the national anthem with the "March of the Volunteers"; the national flag was the five-star red flag. The meeting elected the Central People's Government Committee, with Mao Zedong as the Chairman of the Central People's Government, and Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching Ling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan and Gao Gang as Vice Chairman.The holding of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference marks the historic great victory of the Chinese people's struggle for national independence and people's liberation movement over the past 100 years, marks the complete organizational formation of the patriotic united front and the great unity of the people of the whole country, and marks the formal establishment of the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China. In his opening speech, Mao Zedong declared to the world: "The Chinese, which accounts for one-quarter of the total human population, have stood up since then." htmlOn October 1, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established. At 2 pm, the Central People's Government Committee held its first meeting and unanimously decided to accept the "Common Program" as the policy program, appointing Zhou Enlai as Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government, Mao Zedong as Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission, and Zhu De as Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army. At 3 pm, a ceremony to celebrate the founding of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was grandly held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the Central People's Government. Afterwards, a grand military parade and mass parade were held. On December 2, the fourth meeting of the Central People's Government Commission decided that October 1 of each year is the National Day of the People's Republic of China. The founding of the People's Republic of China completely ended the history of the old Chinese semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, completely ended the old China's scattered situation, completely abolished the unequal treaties imposed on China by the great powers and all the privileges of imperialism in China, realized China's great leap from thousands of years of feudal autocratic politics to people's democracy, achieved high China's high unity and unprecedented unity of all nations, and the development and progress of the Chinese nation has opened a new era. The Communist Party of China has become a party that holds power across the country. htmlOn October 2 The Soviet government decided to establish diplomatic relations with the New China. On the 3rd, Zhou Enlai replied that he welcomed the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union immediately and sent ambassadors to each other. On January 27, 1964, China established diplomatic relations with France. France became the first Western power to formally establish diplomatic relations with New China. By June 2021, China has established diplomatic relations with 180 countries. htmlOn October 9 The first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held. The meeting elected Mao Zedong as Chairman of the First National Committee of the CPPCC. htmlOn October 21, the State Council of the Central People's Government was established. htmlOn October 25th, the General Administration of Customs of the Central People's Government was established. On January 6, 1950, the Beijing Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice announcing the revocation of foreign barracks real estate in Beijing and the requisition of barracks and other buildings. Tianjin, Shanghai and other places have also successively recovered and requisitioned foreign barracks real estate. In July 1950, the Finance and Economic Committee of the State Council issued instructions on unified shipping management. All foreign military and economic privileges in mainland China have been abolished. htmlOn November 9, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Central and Party Discipline Inspection Commission at all levels, and Zhu De also served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.On the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Organizing the Party Committee of the Communist Party of China within the Central People's Government" and the "Decision on Establishing the Party Group of the Communist Party of China within the Central People's Government". Government agencies at all levels generally establish party organizations and strengthen party leadership.
1 November 11th The leadership body of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force was established. Around this time, the navy, artillery and other military units and leadership organizations were established.
htmlOn November 21, the Second People's Congress of All Representatives of Beijing passed a resolution to close brothels. Subsequently, actions were taken across the country to close brothels. On February 24, 1950, the State Council issued the "General Order on Strictly Prohibition of Opium Tobacco and Drugs", prohibiting trafficking, manufacturing, selling, and smoking tobacco. The People's Government also launched a fight to strictly prohibit gambling. After about three years of hard work, social problems such as prostitution, drugs, and gambling that have been repeatedly banned in old China have been basically prohibited. htmlOn November 2, the fourth meeting of the Central People's Government Committee decided to issue People's Victory discounted public debts; it passed the general rules for the organization of people's congresses from all walks of life in provinces, cities and counties respectively. Local people's congresses at all levels and all walks of life have been convened by local people's governments, exercising the powers of the people's congress, becoming a transitional form before the convening of the people's congress. htmlOn November 6, the Cultural and Education Committee of the Government Council established a committee to handle the return of overseas students.From August 1949 to November 1955, a total of 1,536 senior intellectuals including Li Siguang, Hua Luogeng, Qian Xuesen and others returned to China from overseas to participate in the construction. htmlThe first national education work conference was held from November 23 to 31. The meeting proposed that education must serve national construction and that schools must open doors for workers and peasants. In September 1950, the first National Workers' and Peasants' Education Conference was held, and the slogan "Promote literacy education and gradually reduce illiteracy." In November 1952, the Central People's Government's Committee on Eliminating Illiteracy was established. The mass literacy campaign was launched nationwide in a planned and step-by-step manner.1950
htmlOn December 14, China and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty and related agreements. From December 1949 to February 1950, Mao Zedong visited the Soviet Union for more than two months. htmlOn December 3, the State Council made the "Decision on Unifying the National Fiscal and Economic Work" to curb inflation, stabilize prices, and achieve a balance of national fiscal revenue and expenditure. htmlOn May 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Carrying out the Rectification Movement in the Whole Party and the Whole Army." The whole Party has carried out a rectification campaign with the main tasks of improving the ideological and political level of cadres and general party members, overcoming mistakes made in work, overcoming self-esteem, bureaucracy, commandism, and improving the relationship between the Party and the people. At the end of the year, the rectification movement ended.On the same day, the first law formulated after the founding of New China - the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China - was promulgated and implemented, and stipulates the implementation of a new marriage system that provides for the implementation of a new marriage system that is free from marriage, monogamy, equal rights of men and women, and protects the legitimate interests of women and children.
On the same day, the People's Liberation Army liberated Hainan Island. After the founding of New China, the People's Liberation Army launched the final encirclement and annihilation of the remnants of the Kuomintang army in South China, Southwest and other places and coastal islands. By June 1950, the vast territory except Tibet, Taiwan and some coastal islands were liberated.
htmlThe Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held from June 6 to 9. Mao Zedong submitted a written report on "Struggle for the Basic Improvement of the National Fiscal and Economic Conditions" and delivered a speech "Don't Attack on All Ways". htmlThe Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated and implemented on June 29. htmlThe Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated and implemented on June 30. By the end of 1952, except for some ethnic minority areas, land reform was basically completed in mainland China, and feudal land ownership was completely destroyed. html The first National Health Conference was held from 7th to 19th. The meeting determined that "facing workers, peasants and soldiers", "prevention-oriented" and "unity of traditional Chinese and Western medicine" were the three major principles of health work in New China. html In early October, at the request of the North Korean Party and government, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a strategic decision to resist the United States and aid Korea and defend the country. On October 8, Mao Zedong issued an order to form the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, with Peng Dehuai as commander and political commissar. On the 19th, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army entered the Korean battlefield. On the 25th, the volunteer army encountered the enemy and started the first battle to fight abroad. A large-scale campaign to resist the United States and aid Korea was launched nationwide. On July 27, 1953, the Agreement on the Military Armistice of North Korea was signed. By October 1958, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army had withdrawn from North Korea in three batches and returned to China. The great victory of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is a declaration of the Chinese people to stand tall in the east of the world after they stand up, and an important milestone for the Chinese nation to move towards great rejuvenation. In the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the heroic Chinese People's Volunteer Army always carried forward the patriotism spirit of the motherland and the people's interests above everything else and to fight for the dignity of the motherland and the nation, the revolutionary heroism spirit of bravery and tenaciousness and sacrifice one's life, the revolutionary optimism spirit of not fearing difficulties and difficulties, and always maintaining high morale, the revolutionary loyalty spirit of fulfilling the mission entrusted by the motherland and the people, and the internationalist spirit of striving for the cause of peace and justice for mankind, forging the great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea. htmlOn October 10th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Suppressing Counter-Revolutionary Activities". By the end of October 1951, the national anti-revolutionary movement was basically over. htmlOn October 14, the State Council made the "Decision on Governing the Huaihe River". In 1951, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription "We must repair the Huaihe River." By the winter of 1957, the Huai River Control Project had initially achieved results.htmlOn November 3, the State Council issued the "Instructions on Strengthening People's Judicial Work", requiring the gradual establishment and improvement of the people's judicial system across the country. htmlOn November 24, the 60th Government Affairs Meeting of the Government Council approved the "Trial Plan for Cultivating Ethnic Minority Cadres" and the "Trial Plan for Preparing the Central College of Nationalities". In June 1951, the Central College of Nationalities opened.1951
htmlOn December 5, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Actively Promoting the Religious Reform Movement", emphasizing the implementation of the Party's religious policies, uniting the largest majority in the religious community, and developing and consolidating the united front of the religious community across the country. html From December 28 to April 9, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its first national organizational work meeting. The meeting passed the "Resolution on Rectifying the Party's Grassroots Organizations". The party rectification began in the second half of 1951 and basically ended in the spring of 1954. htmlOn May 23, the Central People's Government and the Tibetan local government signed the "Agreement on the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" ("Seventeen-Agreement") in Beijing, declaring the peaceful liberation of Tibet. On October 26, the People's Liberation Army's Tibet troops entered Lhasa. html From September 20 to 30, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the first national mutual assistance and cooperation meeting. The meeting passed the "Resolution on Mutual Assistance and Cooperation in Agricultural Production (Draft)". After the meeting, the movement for mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production started quickly. After more than a year of piloting, on February 15, 1953, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the draft resolution as a formal resolution. htmlOn September 29, Zhou Enlai delivered a report on "Issues on the Transformation of Intellectuals" at the Teachers' Study Meeting in Beijing and Tianjin. On November 30, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Ideological Reform and Organizational Cleanup in Schools". The intellectual ideological transformation movement was widely carried out and basically ended in the autumn of 1952. html November 10th Volume 1 of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was published. Volumes 2 to 4 were published in 1952, 1953 and 1960 respectively. htmlOn November 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Implementing Simplified Military and Administration, Increase Production and Saving, Oppose Corruption, Oppose Waste and Oppose Bureaucracy." The "Three Antis" movement was launched nationwide and ended in October 1952. During the movement, major typical cases were seized and dealt with seriously. Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan, who served as secretary of the Tianjin Prefectural Committee, were investigated and sentenced to death.1952
htmlOn November 26, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Firstly Carrying out the "Five Anti-" Struggle in Large and Medium Cities", requiring illegal capitalists to fight against bribery, tax evasion, tax evasion, cheating of state property, cutting corners and theft of economic intelligence in large and medium-sized cities across the country. The "Five Antis" movement ended in October 1952. htmlOn April 5th, the first phase of Jingjiang Flood Diversion Project, the first large-scale project to control and develop the Yangtze River, was fully started. By the end of 1978, a number of water conservancy projects such as Xin'an River Hydropower Station, Sanmenxia Water Conservancy Hub of the Yellow River, Qingtongxia Water Conservancy Hub of the Yellow River, Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Hub, and Liujiaxia Water Conservancy Hub of the Yellow River were completed one after another. htmlOn April 21, the "Regulations on Punishing Corruption of the People's Republic of China" was promulgated and implemented. htmlOn June 10, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the founding meeting of the All-China Sports Federation "Develop sports and enhance people's physical fitness." On January 8, 1954, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the "Report on Strengthening People's Sports Work" of the Party Group of the Sports Committee of the Central People's Government, pointing out: "Improving the people's health and enhancing the people's physical fitness is an important political task of the Party." html On July 1, the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway was completed and opened to traffic. This is the first railway trunk line built by itself after the founding of New China. By the end of 1978, railways such as Baocheng, Yingxia, Baolan, Lanxin, Chengkun, and Hunan-Guizhou were successively completed. htmlOutline for the Implementation of Regional Ethnic Autonomy of the People's Republic of China on August 9, and made clear provisions on important issues such as the establishment of ethnic autonomous areas, the composition of autonomous organs and the rights of autonomous regions. Previously, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government, established on May 1, 1947, was renamed the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Government on December 2, 1949. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established. On March 5, 1958, Guangxi Tong Autonomous Region was established (renamed Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on October 12, 1965). On October 25, 1958, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established. On September 9, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established.htmlThe national economy has achieved comprehensive recovery and initial growth by the end of 1. The total output value of industry and agriculture was 81 billion yuan, an increase of 77.6% over 1949 at comparable prices.1953
htmlOn December 1, the "Election Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses at All Levels" was promulgated and implemented. After more than a year of work, there are more than 214,000 units conducting grassroots elections nationwide, with a total number of registered voters of more than 323 million, and representatives of grassroots people's congresses were elected, and local people's congresses at all levels were held at each level. On this basis, representatives attending the National People's Congress are elected. htmlOn April 3, the State Council issued the "Instructions on the National Population Survey Registration in Preparing for Universal Suffrage". Taking 24:00 on June 30, 1953 as the standard time, a nationwide population survey and registration will be carried out. The results of the investigation and registration were announced on November 1, 1954, and the total population of the country was 601,938,035. htmlOn May 15, the Chinese and Soviet governments signed the "Agreement on the Government of the Alliance of Soviet Socialist Republics to Assist the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China to Develop China's National Economy", stipulating that the Soviet Union assisted China in building 91 industrial projects. Add to the 50 items identified in 1950 and the 15 items added in 1954, a total of 156 items. After several adjustments, 154 items were determined and 150 items were actually constructed. Because 156 projects were announced first, it is still called "156 projects". htmlThe Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting on June 15. The meeting determined the policy of utilizing, restricting and transforming capitalist industry and commerce. Mao Zedong explained the basic content of the Party’s general line and general tasks in the transition period for the first time. On December 28, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Central Propaganda Department's "Struggle to mobilize all forces to build our country into a great socialist country - Outline of Study and Propaganda on the Party's General Line in the Transitional Period." htmlOn October 16, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Resolution on Implementing Planned Purchase and Planned Supply of Grain". On November 15, the "Decision on Implementing Planned Acquisition of Oils in the Country" was made. In September 1954, the State Council issued an order to implement planned acquisition and planned supply of cotton cloth and planned acquisition of cotton. The state implemented a unified purchase and sales policy for major agricultural products such as grain, which continued until the mid-1980s, and was gradually abolished. htmlOn November 24, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on Strengthening Cadre Management", which made clear provisions on the principle of the Party managing cadres. html November 7th - January 26th of the following year The National Military System Senior Party Cadres Meeting was held. According to Mao Zedong's instructions, the meeting clearly put forward the general policy and tasks of building a good and modern revolutionary army. htmlOn November 26, the three major projects of Anshan Iron and Steel Company - a large steel rolling mill, a seamless steel pipe factory, and the No. 7 Ironmaking Furnace held a start-up production ceremony. By the end of 1978, steel enterprises such as Wuhan Iron and Steel Enterprises, Baotou Iron and Steel Company, Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company were successively completed.This year, the adjustment of colleges and universities in the country has been basically completed. The adjusted colleges and universities have greatly expanded their enrollment, adapting to the urgent needs of industrialization for professional talents.
This year, my country began to implement the first five-year plan to develop the national economy. By June 2021, a total of 14 five-year plans and plans will be prepared and implemented.
1954
htmlDecember 6-10 The Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held. The plenary session passed the "Resolution on Strengthening the Unity of the Party". htmlOn April 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government promulgated the first "Regulations on Political Work of the People's Liberation Army of China (Draft)" after the founding of New China. htmlFrom April 26th to July 21st Zhou Enlai led a Chinese delegation to participate in the Geneva meeting to discuss the peaceful resolution of the North Korean issue and the restoration of the peace issue in Indochina. This is the first time that New China has participated in an important international conference as one of the five major countries. htmlOn June 28 and 29 During his visit to India and Myanmar, Zhou Enlai issued a "Joint Statement" with Indian Prime Minister Nehru and Myanmar Prime Minister Wu Nu, respectively, to jointly advocate the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Previously, on December 31, 1953, Zhou Enlai first proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence when he met with the Indian delegation participating in negotiations on China-India issues. html From June to September A major flood occurred in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins that had not been encountered in a century.The Party Committee and government of the disaster area quickly mobilized to organize the transfer of the masses, carried out labor-for-relief and production self-rescue, and achieved victory in the flood fighting. html July Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Factory successfully trial-made the first-teacher-5 trainer aircraft. By the end of 1978, New China had successfully tried and tested the J-5, Yun-5, Zhi-5, and Hong-5 aircraft. html The first session of the First National People's Congress was held from September 15 to 28. The meeting passed the Constitution of the People's Republic of China; elected Mao Zedong as President of the State and Liu Shaoqi as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress; decided to Zhou Enlai as Premier of the State Council; decided to establish a National Defense Committee, and Mao Zedong also served as Chairman of the National Defense Committee. The convening of the National People's Congress marks the establishment of the People's Congress system across the country. htmlOn September 28, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee made the "Resolution on the Establishment of the Party's Military Committee." Mao Zedong was appointed chairman of the Central Military Commission, and Peng Dehuai presided over the daily work of the Military Commission. htmlOn October 7 The Xinjiang Military Region announced the establishment of the Xinjiang Military Region Production and Construction Corps in accordance with the approval of the General Staff of the Military Commission on August 6. In March 1975, the Corps was abolished and the General Administration of Agricultural Reclamation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established. On December 3, 1981, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission made the "Decision on Resuming the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps." htmlThe first session of the Second National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held from November 21 to 25. Zhou Enlai made a political report, pointing out that since the first session of the First National People's Congress has been held, the role of the CPPCC in the CPPCC in performing the powers of the National People's Congress has been lost, but the role of the CPPCC itself still exists. The meeting elected Mao Zedong as honorary chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and elected Zhou Enlai as chairman; and passed the "Regulations on the Political Consultative Conference of the Chinese People". htmlOn November 25, the Kangzang (later changed to Sichuan-Tibet) Highway and the Qinghai-Tibet Highway were opened to traffic. Previously, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription: "Celebrating the opening of the Kangxi-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet highways, consolidate the unity of the people of all ethnic groups, and build the motherland!" Since then, the roads such as Xin-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet have been successively built.1955
htmlOn November 15, the enlarged meeting of the Central Secretariat was held to make strategic decisions on China to develop the atomic energy cause. html November 18 The People's Liberation Army liberated Yijiangshan Island. From February 13 to 26, Dachen Island and the peripheral islands will be liberated. At this point, all coastal islands in Zhejiang were liberated. htmlThe National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from March 21 to 31. The meeting passed the "Resolution on the Establishment of the Party's Central and Local Supervision Commissions", etc. Dong Biwu was appointed as secretary of the Central Supervisory Commission. The original Party Discipline Inspection Commissions at the central and local levels were abolished. htmlFrom April 18th to 24th, Zhou Enlai led a Chinese delegation to attend the Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, with 29 countries participating. Based on the principle of "seeking common ground while reserving differences", the Chinese delegation, together with other participating countries, jointly advocated the formation of the "Bandung Spirit". Through this meeting, China opened the door to extensive exchanges with Asian and African countries. htmlOn May 13 Zhou Enlai delivered a "Report on the Asian and African Conference" at the 15th Enlarged Meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, pointing out that the Chinese people are willing to strive to liberate Taiwan in a peaceful way under possible conditions. htmlOn July 30, the Second Session of the First National People's Congress passed the "Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China". The People's Liberation Army has changed from a voluntary military service system to a voluntary military service system. Previously, since January 1955, the People's Liberation Army began to implement the officer salary system. htmlIn September, the People's Liberation Army of China began to implement the military rank system. Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng, He Long, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen and Ye Jianying were awarded the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China. By the abolition of the military rank system in 1965, a total of 10 marshals, 10 generals, 57 generals, 177 lieutenant generals and 1,360 major generals were awarded. html November 2012 The first edition of the Chinese version of the "Complete Works of Lenin" was published. By February 1963, a total of 39 volumes were published one after another.1956
html November 14-20 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting on the issue of intellectuals.On behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhou Enlai made a "Report on the Issues of Intellectuals", fully affirming the role of intellectuals in socialist construction, announcing that most of intellectuals are already part of the working class, put forward the task of formulating a long-term plan for the development of science and technology, and issued a call to the people of the whole country to "marching towards modern science." Mao Zedong delivered a speech on the last day of the meeting, calling on the whole party to study scientific knowledge, unite with non-party intellectuals, and strive to quickly catch up with the world's advanced scientific level. htmlOn November 15, more than 200,000 people from all walks of life in Beijing held a conference in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the cooperation of all agriculture and handicrafts in Beijing and the first in the country to realize the full-industry public-private partnership in capitalist industry and commerce. By the end of the year, the socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production achieved a decisive victory. htmlOn November 23, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee proposed the "National Agricultural Development Outline (Draft) from 1956 to 1967". After many changes and modifications, it was officially approved and announced in April 1960. htmlOn November 27, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Text Reform Work". On the 28th, the 23rd plenary meeting of the State Council passed the "Resolution of the State Council on Announcement of the Simplified Chinese Characters Plan" and the "Instructions of the State Council on Promoting Mandarin". On February 9, the China Language Reform Commission issued the "Chinese Pinyin Plan (Draft)". html From December 6th to 15th, the Central Military Commission held an enlarged meeting to clarify the strategic policy of active defense for the first time. htmlOn April 25, Mao Zedong delivered a report on "On the Ten Major Relationships" at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. The report emphasizes the need to mobilize all positive factors at home and abroad to strive for the construction of a strong socialist country, and initially summarizes my country's experience in socialist construction and proposes the task of exploring a path to building a socialist that is suitable for China's situation. The report also put forward the policy of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision" between the Communist Party and democratic parties. htmlOn April 28, Mao Zedong pointed out in his summary speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee that a hundred flowers bloom on artistic issues and a hundred schools of thought contend for academic issues should become our policy. On May 2, Mao Zedong formally proposed the policy of "a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" at the Seventh Session of the Supreme State Council. htmlOn June 30th, China's first nature reserve - Guangdong Dinghushan National Nature Reserve was established. In September 1982, the first national forest park, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, was established. China has gradually established nature reserves at all levels and types of nature reserves, such as forest parks, scenic spots, natural heritage, geological parks, and marine parks. htmlOn July 13, Changchun No. 1 Automobile Manufacturing Factory successfully trial-produced the first batch of domestically produced "Jiefang" brand trucks. In May and August 1958, the first domestically produced "Dongfeng" and "Hongqi" sedans were successively launched. htmlThe Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from September 15 to 27. There were 1,026 formal representatives of the conference, 107 alternate representatives, representing 10.73 million party members across the country. Mao Zedong delivered the opening speech, Liu Shaoqi made a political report, Zhou Enlai made a proposal on the second five-year plan for developing the national economy, and Deng Xiaoping made a report on the amendment of the Party Constitution. The Congress pointed out that the socialist transformation has achieved decisive victory and the socialist system has been basically established. The main contradiction in the country is already the contradiction between the people's demand for the establishment of advanced industrial countries and the reality of backward agricultural countries, and the contradiction between the people's need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation where the economy and culture cannot meet the needs of the people. The current main task of the Party and the people is to concentrate their efforts to resolve this contradiction and transform our country from a backward agricultural country to an advanced industrial country as soon as possible. The conference focused on strengthening the construction of the ruling party and passed the newly revised "Constitution of the Communist Party of China". htmlOn September 28, the First Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee elected Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Central Committee, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Chen Yun as Vice Chairman, and Deng Xiaoping as General Secretary. The above six people formed the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. htmlOn November 22, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China agreed with the "Report on Soliciting Opinions on the Outline of the Vision of Science and Technology Development in 1956-1967 (Draft Amendment)" of the Party Group of the Scientific Planning Committee of the State Council. html November 2012 "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels" in Chinese first edition Volume 1 was published.By December 1985, a total of 50 volumes were published one after another.1957
htmlOn December 27, Mao Zedong published a speech "How to Handle Contradictions within the People" (later changed to "Problems on Correctly Handling Contradictions within the People"), proposing the idea of distinguishing and correctly handling two types of social contradictions of different natures, uniting the people of all ethnic groups across the country to develop their economy and culture, and serving the cause of building socialism. htmlOn April 20, the State Council issued the "Instructions on Eliminating Schistosomiasis". Previously, Mao Zedong repeatedly proposed that schistosomiasis must be eliminated. htmlOn April 25, the first China Export Commodity Fair was held in Guangzhou (“Cantonese Fair”). Since then, two export commodity fairs have been held in Guangzhou every year in spring and autumn. Since 2007, it has been renamed the China Import and Export Commodity Fair. htmlOn April 27, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Rectification Movement". The rectification movement with the theme of correctly handling contradictions among the people and the main content of opposing bureaucracy, sectarianism and subjectivism was fully launched. During the rectification process, a very small number of rightists took the opportunity to launch an attack on the Party and the new socialist system. In June, the focus of the movement began to shift from the party's rectification to the anti-rightist struggle. By the summer of 1958, the rectification movement and the anti-rightist struggle had completely ended. It is correct and necessary to counterattack the attacks of rightists, but the anti-rightist struggle has been severely expanded. htmlOn October 15th, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge held a opening ceremony. This is the first railway and highway dual-purpose bridge built by China on the Yangtze River. htmlNovember 2-21 Mao Zedong led a Chinese delegation to the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution and attended the meeting of the Communist Party and Workers' Party of Socialist States held in Moscow and the representative meetings of the Communist Party and Workers' Party of various countries.This year's "First Five-Year Plan" exceeded the completion. The "First Five-Year Plan" has achieved great achievements, laid the preliminary foundation for China's socialist industrialization, and accumulated valuable experience for socialist construction.
1958
htmlOn April 7, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Instructions on Large-scale Afforestation in the Country", requiring the rapid and large-scale development of afforestation undertakings. htmlOn April 22 The Monument to the People's Heroes was completed in Tiananmen Square. htmlThe second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from May 5 to 23. The meeting officially passed the general line of "work hard, strive for the best, and build socialism faster, better, more efficiently, more and more socially. After the meeting, the "Great Leap Forward" movement was launched nationwide. html From August 17 to 30, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held in Beidaihe. After the meeting, the country soon set off a climax of the large-scale steelmaking and people's commune movement, and "left" errors, mainly marked by high indicators, blind command, exaggerated style and "communist style" were seriously rampant. html On September 2, Beijing TV, China's first TV station, officially started broadcasting. On May 1, 1978, it was renamed CCTV. htmlNovember 2-10 Mao Zedong convened the Central Work Conference (the first Zhengzhou Conference) in Zhengzhou, Henan. By July 1959, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had successively held a series of meetings including the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, the Second Zhengzhou Conference, and the Seventh Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee, to preliminarily correct the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Left" mistakes that have been detected in the people's commune movement.(To be continued)
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Source/People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency
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