(excavation site of Dingcun Cultural Site)
Cuju 's word "ju" means solid ball.
and solid balls can be traced back to the Dingcun Cultural Site about 100,000 years ago (Dingcun, Xiangfen County, Shanxi) and the Xujia Kiln Cultural Site 40,000 years ago (Xujia Kiln, Yanggao, Shanxi).
solid ball was unearthed in both cultural sites. The time period of the
site was in the middle of the primitive society. At that time, solid balls were not used for playing, but a hunting tool, mainly used to throw animals.
It was not until the late primitive society that ceramic balls with patterns and hollowed-inside were gradually unearthed.
But the problem is that it is difficult to kick with your feet, whether it is a solid ball or a pottery ball.
The former is easy to kick the ball, while the latter is easy to kick the ball.
So, the pottery ball should be a decoration.
The true Cuju is invented by Huangdi in ancient society.
pair is the Huangdi in Yanhuang and the second emperors .
(Huangdi image)
"Bielu": Cuju, rumored by Huangdi.
More detailed records are as follows:
"Taiping Qinghua": Stepping on the Ju starts from the Xuan period, and the martial arts practices in the army use leather as the primordial capsule, and actually uses hair. The meaning of this sentence
is that in order to add some entertainment to the soldiers in the military camp and to let them exercise their bodies, Huangdi sewed a special leather into a ball, and then filled the inside of the ball with hair, thus making it into the original "football".
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Cuju was widely popular among the people. For example, in the Warring States Period , a major entertainment country, Linzi, the capital of Qi, is a typical commercial city.
At that time, Linzi had a population of 70,000 households. If we count each household as three, then there would be 210,000 people in the entire Linzi city.
Today, 210,000 people can only be regarded as the size of a small county town, but during the Warring States Period, this was considered a giant city.
People often believe that Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period was a very chaotic period, with constant conquests. However, the so-called wars were actually mainly concentrated in the late Warring States Period . In the early and middle periods of the Warring States Period, the entire social atmosphere was basically in a state of small countries and few people, and they did not communicate with each other. There was not much communication between each other, so there were not so many wars.
Linzi is rich and the entertainment life of citizens is also very rich.
(Aunt Qi State)
" Warring States Policy ": All the people play the jiu, drums and zithers, beat the tutu, play the piano, cockfighting , walk dogs, six blogs, and step on the Ju.
people who play the flute, piano, drum, card, dog walk, and Cuju are everywhere, and everyone can say they have a lot of fun.
But if you want to have fun playing Cuju, you have to be the guy below.
"Records of the Grand Historian" records that There was a man named Xiang Chu during the Western Han Dynasty period. He liked Cuju very much. He was a fan of Cuju. He had to kick it every day, and he felt uncomfortable if he didn't kick it for a day.
How obsessed is this guy?
We know that the scale of modern football fields is very large, and among all ball sports, football puts the most physical strength.
So the neck area where you don’t rest all day and maintain high-intensity exercise will soon be a little overwhelmed.
Dirty, overdrawn, and began to have some very serious complications.
items are all over. The family asked the doctor to see him. The doctor had only one suggestion, that is, rest more and exercise less, and you must not cuju in the future.
However, Comrade Xiang Chu could not stand the loneliness and refused to listen to the doctor's advice. He went out to Cuju as usual during his illness. As a result, his condition worsened and he received the bento in less than two days.
During the Han and Three Kingdoms periods, Cuju had already made great progress. At this time, Cuju was no longer just a single fitness or entertainment sport, but became a team competition.
" Jucheng Ming ": Round Ju square wall, imitating yin and yang. The law and moon clash with each other, and two or six are equivalent. There are common examples of establishing a leader and establishing peace: not to be close to one's relatives, not to have private interests; be calm and do not blame others for their mistakes. Ju Zheng is still there, let alone the situation.
(Ancient stadium)
Eastern Han people Li You records in his works that the football field at that time was rectangular, east-west, and north-south. There were also audience seats that could accommodate multiple people. A group of people formed their own teams, using Cuju as a competition to launch a fierce competition. During the competition, whether it is relatives, friends, classmates or old friends, everyone respects their opponents, and gives their all and never lets go.
If you are tired of competitive confrontation and are nervous and want to relax, we have also carefully prepared performing Cuju for you.
In the distance, the actor appears slowly under the accompaniment of drums, music, sheng and flute, and then performs with his feet, knees, elbows, and top of his head, bumps the ball, dribble, and various balls... Keep it pleasing to your eyes.
Of course, the smart ancient people also got inspired by the Cuju movement and applied this sport to the army.
"Bielu": 次次, the military force is. Therefore, practicing samurai knows that it is talented, and it is all about practicing it because of playing.
The so-called stadium is like a battlefield. The confrontation between two teams on the stadium is actually essentially a confrontation between two armies.
First, various tactics when playing football, such as defensive counterattack , full attack and defense, side attack, etc., can be used vividly in military command. Second, let the soldiers have nothing to do and run, and can also strengthen their bodies and train their agile skills.
The development of Cuju in the Han and Three Kingdoms periods was already turbulent, but the Cuju movement in the Tang and Song dynasties was even more wave after wave, and the development momentum was impossible to stop.
"Qi Wei Fu": Qi is a ball, and it combines to form quality. To make a profit, to boast about reality.
You, for example, Tang Dynasty replaced the filling ball with inflatable ball , which greatly improves the playability of Cuju.
han Ju (left) Tang Ju (right)
inflatable balloons are not only low in cost, but also have good elasticity and easy to use. They are simply a blessing for ancient Cuju fans.
" Literature General Catalog ": The cucumber began in the Tang Dynasty, two bamboos were planted, several meters high, and the network was connected to the upper door.
For example, before the Tang and Song dynasties, people often only focused on the ball itself when they were in Cuju, either kicking it, grab it, or playing it, and goal was creatively developed during the Tang and Song dynasties.
However, Tang Shi's goal was not two, but one, not a snatch shot, but two teams shot in sequence.
activities are held less among the people and more in the royal family.
You, for example, the 19th emperor of the Tang Dynasty Tang Xizong Li Yan is an absolute Cuju fan. The emperor often organizes figure games in the palace and sets up two teams PK. Which team shoots well, shoots accurately, and has a lot of rewards. Not only are they given money, but they may also get a local Jiedushi. The team that loses the game will be miserable. Not only are there any hairy prizes, but they will also be painted with white dust on their faces, and they will be pressed to the ground and whipped firmly to show punishment.
The Cuju activities in the Tang Dynasty were mainly in the royal family, while in the Song Dynasty it can be said that "the swallows in the old days, flying into the homes of ordinary people." The Cuju movement was very common, from the emperor to the common people, and it was popular on the streets and alleys.
The emperor plays the ball, represented by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin .
yuan at the time, there was a painter called Qianxuan , and he also specially painted a picture of "The Picture of Taizu of Song Dynasty Cuju", which depicts the scenes of the fat and fat Zhao Kuangyin and the Prime Minister Zhao Pu Cuju.
(Picture of Song Taizu Cuju in part)
. The folk plays football, which is Gao Qiu. He relies on a good kick to Cuju, and kicks all over the market. In the end, he won the favor of Song Huizong Zhao Ji by playing football, so he entered the official career.
was established in the southern Northern Song . It was the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties in the northern border. Although the nomadic peoples were extensive, their pursuit of quality of life was also very high.
Zhongyuan plays Cuju, and they don’t delay.
However, Cuju movement came to their hands, mainly not for kicking, but for regular performance ceremonies in etiquette and sacrificial activities.
" Liao History ": The emperor's birthday, happy times. ...The wine is six lines, the zither is played alone, and the ball is built.
Whenever the emperor's birthday is on, the palace will inevitably show off. Some sing, some dance, some play the piano. After the performance is finished, the final show is Cuju. Scenes like
are not based on the author's imagination, but based on historical materials.
If you have the chance, you can go to the Hunan Museum to take a walk, where there are two bronze mirrors. The seal carving behind the bronze mirror is a scene where a pair of men and women kick each other.
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Cuju was still widely popular. At that time, there was a hero in Jiangnan called Zhang Shicheng .
(Zhang Shicheng's image)
Zhang Shicheng has a younger brother named Zhang Shixin. This Zhang Shixin is an absolute Cuju enthusiast.
" Ming Shi ": Every time you go out, you don't care about military affairs... Cuju.
This guy is a bit a bit good at playing Cuju, and he is also a little distracted from playing things. Every time he goes out to fight, he does not study military affairs or military tactics, and specializes in organizing soldiers to Cuju with him. As a result, after Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he decisively issued a decree to prohibit soldiers in the army from Cuju, because the purpose is to be afraid that the soldiers will become addicted to playing Cuju and waste their jobs.
However, the emperor's ban was only aimed at the official, but it could not resist the people's enthusiasm for the Cuju movement.
Ming Dynasty, not only was the folk Cuju widely circulated, but there were also special stores selling football (i.e. Ju).
Ming Dynasty man Wang Yuncheng wrote a book called "Cuju Map", which specifically records that there are more than 40 types and materials in this kind of store, which is enough to make people dazzling.
By the time of Qing Dynasty, Cuju had a very interesting variant, that is: Cuju on ice.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the royal family held an ice Cuju competition in Taiyechi in winter, which is today's Beihai. Princes and ministers, wealthy and nobles basically participated, and even the emperor himself would end up.
"Qing Dynasty Literature General Catalog": You are lucky to Yingtai and other places, and ice sport and shooting celestial balls are displayed...
People wear ice skates and perform cuju on thick ice. Maybe Shunzhi , Kangxi , these two emperors, both of whom had fallen on the ice.
Chinese traditional Cuju to The middle of the Qing Dynasty was basically replaced by modern football, but what is interesting is that this sport did not die out, but existed in social entertainment in another way.
So, the question is, which kind of entertainment project we often see now inherits the gameplay, fun and spirit of Cuju activities?
(Shuttercock kicking)
The answer is very simple, it is Shuttercock kicking .
The people from Cuju thousands of years ago no longer exist, but the shuttlecocks flying in the square are still making clusters of sounds.
This is the story of Cuju.
