On February 21, 1935, Xie Zichang died of injury. Eight months later, Chairman Mao and the Central Red Army successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi. After coming to northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao wrote an inscription for Xie Zichang, and then he wrote an inscription for Xie Zichang again, and wrote a monument of nearly 300 words for him.
Then, in 1946, Chairman Mao once again wrote an inscription for Xie Zichang. In the history of our party, it is common for Chairman Mao to write inscriptions for martyrs, but it is rare for him to write inscriptions for this martyr three times in a row and write inscriptions for him personally.
What kind of person is Xie Zichang? He asked Chairman Mao to write an inscription for him and write a monument for him?
Xie Zichang was born in an relatively wealthy peasant family in Anding County, Shaanxi Province in the early spring of 1897. Xie Zichang only started to study when he was 14 years old. After several years of study, he was admitted to Xi'an Provincial No. 1 Middle School in 1919, and soon transferred to Yulin Middle School in northern Shaanxi.
During his studies, Xie Zichang's influence on the "education to save the country" thought, so in 1922, he returned to his hometown to establish a primary school, hoping to impart knowledge and arm the next generation with knowledge.
However, after witnessing the cruel reality of warlords and evil gentry, domineering and fishing the people, Xie Zichang realized that "education" alone could not save the country, let alone the people, so he decided to join the army and instead learn military knowledge. In the autumn of 1922, he successfully entered the Taiyuan Scholar Corps founded by Yan Xishan.
Although Xie Zichang studied in Taiyuan and learned a lot of military knowledge, he did not like this old warlord-style martial arts school. So, in 1924, Xie Zichang left the Taiyuan Military and Education Corps and returned to his hometown, and began to establish a county militia, determined to "defeat the old world with armed forces."
He first pointed the gun at the landlords, bullies, warlords and gentry. He would punish whoever bullies the people. Once when Xie Zichang was out, he heard several old men say on the street: "There is an old man Zhou in the western district of the county who drove his donkey to the market. As a result, he met two soldiers from Jing Yuexiu and took the old man Zhou's donkey away. Old man Zhou was unwilling to do so and was beaten."
Xie Zichang
Xie Zichang
Xie Zichang heard it and suddenly became a fire in his heart. He was very angry. He found Old Man Zhou. When the old man saw him, he knelt down with a "thump" and shouted aggrievedly, "Mr. Xie Tuan, I'm wronged..." While comforting the old man, Xie Zichang ordered people to quickly catch the two soldiers who took the old man's donkey away.
At the beginning, the two soldiers refused to admit it. Under Xie Zichang's strict investigation and interrogation, the two had to admit their mistakes and apologize to Old Man Zhou. Soon, the news spread in Anding City. People ran around and told each other. The old man Zhou kowtowed to Xie Zichang in public and shouted: "Mr. Xie Tuan, you are really the master of Qingtian!"
Over time, the title of "Xie Qingtian" spread among the people in northern Shaanxi. Everyone admired Xie Zichang very much and said that if there is anything, you don't have to be afraid, "Xie Qingtian" will help us!
However, Xie Zichang also clearly realized that armed forces alone are not enough, and theoretical armed forces are also needed. In order to explore the truth of the revolution, Xie Zichang often goes to Beijing, Tianjin and other places.
Old Beijing
In this process, Xie Zichang met the head of our party in Beijing Liu Bozhuang . Through Liu Bozhuang, he first came into contact with communism.
At that moment, Xie Zichang deeply felt that communism was the revolutionary ideal he had been looking for! So soon, he asked to join our party. Finally, in 1925, Xie Zichang joined the Communist Party of China.
At the end of 1925, under the arrangement of the organization, Xie Zichang returned to his hometown and continued to run the county militia, and still served as the head of the militia, and carried out revolutionary activities in the Anding area.
Then, under the instructions of the party, Xie Zichang went deep into , the Shiqian regiment under the command of Jing Yuexiu, a warlord in northern Shaanxi, and also brought the county militia group he led into a company in Shiqian regiment and recognized himself as the company commander.
Xie Zichang treats soldiers like his family, caring for them very much, and even sells his property to improve the lives of the soldiers. This makes other soldiers in Shi Qian's regiment want to come to Xie Zichang's company. It can be said that he has been deeply supported and loved by everyone.
, and Xie Zichang also took every opportunity to educate the soldiers ideological and political education . He often explained Marxism-Leninism , and even established a soldier autonomous association in the company, allowing everyone to fully express their attitudes and opinions, greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of soldiers.
With the efforts of Xie Zichang, most of the officers and soldiers under Shi Qian's troops were inclined and sympathized with the revolution. Several battalions and companies of Shi Qian had established party branches, and more than 100 officers and soldiers joined our party.
In addition to carrying out reform propaganda in the army, Xie Zichang also did not forget to go deep into the people. In early 1927, Xie Zichang assisted the party organization and opened an Anding County Peasant Movement Training Center in Anding County.
Xie Zichang takes time every day to teach students in person and actively develop party members among students. He also took time to conduct investigations and research in the fields, and used this to formulate policies that benefit the people.
At the same time, Xie Zichang also led the masses to fight against local tyrants and evil gentry. Under the leadership of Xie Zichang, the peasant movement in Anding County has risen unprecedentedly and the party organization has flourished.
Seeing this scene, Xie Zichang was very excited, but just as he was ready to continue the revolution, our party suffered a serious blow. On April 12 of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, and the bloody storm of the massacre also hit northern Shaanxi.
Under this severe situation, Xie Zichang did not shake the belief in revolution at all. He immediately convened the Nian Association Conference with other party members and decided to arm the farmers and carry out the struggle.
So, the first armed uprising in the northwest region - Qingjian Uprising broke out. At the same time, this is also the third uprising after Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising .
On the evening of October 14, 1927, the Qingjian Uprising officially began. After several days of fierce battle, three uprising troops from Qingjian , Yanchuan , and Yichuan met in Yichuan. Many Communist Party members and progressive young people nearby also came to join the army. At this point, the uprising troops have grown to more than 1,700 people, forming a considerable armed force.
When entering Yichuan, Xie Zichang also specifically told the soldiers not to disturb the people. He educated the soldiers like this. "We should always keep the people in our hearts and care for them no matter where they go." , "We are the sons of the people. If we don't care for the people, we will be prodigal sons and losers!"
But when they came to Yichuan, they found that they did not disturb the people, but the people came spontaneously. The uprising troops were warmly welcomed by the people, and the people even took the initiative to help Red Army stand guard, wait and cook. This situation makes every Red Army soldier, including Xie Zichang, feel warm in his heart.
In early November, warlord Jing Yuexiu mobilized 6 battalions to siege the uprising troops. Due to insufficient firepower, the Red Army had to retreat, but unexpectedly, they were blocked by the enemy and the troops suffered great losses. In the end, more than 300 people broke through and rushed out and moved to Xizhuang Town, Hancheng.
Immediately, the troops were reorganized into the guerrilla detachment of the Northwest Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, and Xie Zichang was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief. After a little rectification, the troops continued to head north, but were attacked by the enemy again.
Although our army cannot compare with the enemy in terms of equipment and military strength, no one retreated. Xie Zichang charged forward and led his troops to fight bravely. After a fierce battle, the troops broke through to Baozichuan, Heshui County, Gansu.
Xie Zichang Statue
At this time, there were only a few more than ten people left in the army. Thinking of the cruelty of the enemy and the comrades who sacrificed heroically for the revolution, Xie Zichang became more determined to continue the revolution. Only in this way can more people not be sacrificed.
After Xie Zichang led the uprising, there was no doubt that he was put on the wanted list by the Kuomintang. While avoiding the pursuit of the Kuomintang reactionaries, he was also thinking about what to do next.
1929, our party’s Shaanxi Special Committee held a meeting. At this meeting, Xie Zichang was elected as Secretary of the Central Shaanxi Special Committee Military Commission. According to the instructions of the party organization, Xie Zichang began to carry out military transport work in the local Kuomintang troops in the northwest.
The so-called "military movement work" refers to instigating an uprising by enemy soldiers. Xie Zichang did a good job in the military transport work. For example, in the army stationed in Ningxia, Su Yusheng's army secretly established a party organization. However, when the military transport work reached the last stage - leading the army to revolt, it suddenly failed.
After experiencing many failures, Xie Zichang finally understood that if wants to engage in revolutionary armed forces, he cannot rely on "recruiting troops" for the army, but rather mobilizes the masses to carry out a land revolution, establish a workers' and peasants' regime, and gradually strengthen the Red Army led by our party. Only in this way can the troops connected with the blood of the people never be defeated by the enemy.
So, Xie Zichang began to explore ways to establish a revolutionary base. To have a base, there must be someone first. Just then, because the situation is very difficult, they found the help of the Shaanxi Special Committee, and Xie Zichang actively explored based on this force.
In 1932, the guerrillas were officially changed to the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas Committee was also established. From then on, the Shaanxi-Gansu border area was for the first time to launch the banner of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which laid the foundation for the later establishment of the Shaanxi-Gansu Red Army.
Shaanxi North Base
In order to consolidate the establishment of the revolutionary base, Xie Zichang led his troops to support him, and they mobilized the masses to carry out the agrarian revolution, and his approach also won the support of the people. With the support of the masses, the Shaanxi-Gansu guerrillas won many battles.
In 1934, Xie Zichang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the commander-in-chief of the Northern Shaanxi Red Army Guerrillas. At that time, the party organization and guerrillas in northern Shaanxi were bloody suppressed by the enemy and were in a very difficult period. The troops were in a depressed mood, but Xie Zichang was still optimistic and persisted.
He often uncovers the soldiers: "Failure is the mother of success. If you don't succeed again, the final victory will always be ours." It is precisely because of Xie Zichang's timely guidance that the troops are not deeply trapped in negative emotions.
In March 1934, after countless difficulties, Xie Zichang restored the first Shaanxi Red Detachment. In the same year, under the instructions of the organization, Xie Zichang led the first, second and fifth detachments of northern Shaanxi to the south to meet with the 42nd Division of the Red 26th Army. He then sent the 3rd Regiment of the 42nd Division to northern Shaanxi to cooperate with the military and civilians of northern Shaanxi to crush the enemy's first "encirclement and suppression" of , Shaanxi Soviet Area.
, and he led his troops to continue northward. In this process, he successively won the battles in Jingwucai of Anding, Zhangjiatai of Qingjian County, and Hekou Town of Qingjian County. However, during the battle, Xie Zichang was unfortunately hit by a bullet, but he did not rest and insisted on working with injuries.
In September 1934, Xie Zichang wrote a letter to the representative of the Central North, reporting on the completion of the work tasks after returning to the northwest. When Xie Zichang learned that the enemy was carrying out a second encirclement, he was anxious.
and even Northern Bureau inspector Huang Han, when he came to northern Shaanxi to visit him, the first thing he asked about was the anti-encirclement and suppression, and provided Huang Han with suggestions: recommended Liu Zhidan to command the Red Army to fight. In the end, the central government also adopted Xie Zichang's suggestion, and the second anti-encirclement and suppression of was successful.
Xie Zichang was very happy when he heard the news. At this time, Xie Zichang's health was getting worse day by day, because he did not have a good rest, his injuries continued to worsen.
1935 February 21, this was destined to be a sad day, because on this day, Xie Zichang's condition worsened and he unfortunately passed away forever. He was only 38 years old before his death.
Before Xie Zichang died, he was still thinking about the party and the people. He said to others with regret: " died like this. I am sorry to the people. I have done too little things for them." But he was alive and did not give for a moment.
After Xie Zichang passed away, the people came to see him off one after another. Everyone cried red and was unwilling to leave for a moment. After Xie Zichang's death, the Northwest Working Committee of our Party changed the name of Xie Zichang's hometown to "Zichang County" to commemorate Comrade Xie Zichang.
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October 1935, Chairman Mao finally arrived in northern Shaanxi after a long march. In northern Shaanxi, he often heard people discussing a person named "Xie Qingtian", saying that he kept them in his heart and how good he was to them. Slowly, Mao The Chairman learned that "Xie Qingtian" is Xie Zichang, and also learned about Xie Zichang's achievements.
Chairman Mao admired Xie Zichang from the bottom of his heart and wanted to see him, but he was told that Xie Zichang had passed away. At that moment, he felt very sorry. It was a lifetime regret that he had never seen such an excellent comrade.
1939, the Central Committee decided to move Xie Zichang's remains to his family character and build a martyr's tomb for him. Chairman Mao immediately wrote an inscription for him: National heroes, and wrote a 277-word inscription for him.
In July of the same year, Chairman Mao wrote an inscription for him again: is still alive even though he dies. From 1946, 10 years after Xie Zichang's death, Chairman Mao wrote an inscription for him again: Comrade Xie Zichang has been through the ages, and has been one after another, defeating the public enemy of the people Chiang Kai-shek!
is not difficult to understand why Chairman Mao wrote an inscription for Xie Zichang three times.
Because Xie Zichang has contributed everything to the party and the people, he is a great man, possessing The noble qualities of the Communists and the revolutionary spirit of strong, optimistic and hard struggle. Xie Zichang is a role model. He wrote an inscription for him, not only Chairman Mao’s respect and nostalgia for him, but also hopes that all comrades in the party will learn from him.
Today, Comrade Xie Zichang has left us for 87 years. Today, people seem very unfamiliar with him, but we cannot forget him, but we must remember the martyrs and inherit their spirit. Only by remembering the martyrs can heroes not become lonely ghosts; only by understanding history can our nation last forever among the nations of the world.
