Ma Haide Why did Premier Zhou personally approve the first person to become a Chinese nationality? The reason can be seen from his contribution to the Chinese people.
During the period of Red Army and Eighth Route Army, Ma Haide established dozens of hospitals and more clinics for the revolutionary base areas, allowing thousands of military and civilians to receive effective medical treatment.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he devoted himself to the prevention and control of chronic infectious diseases such as leprosy in China. After nearly half a century of efforts, the number of leprosy patients has been reduced from more than 500,000 at the founding of the People's Republic of China to thousands of people now, saving hundreds of thousands of people in China from the painful torture of leprosy.
Ma Haide
According to conservative estimates, Ma Haide saved at least 500,000 people in China from injuries and illnesses, and made great contributions to China's revolution and social construction.
Deng Xiaoping evaluated Ma Haide as "the pioneer of China's health industry" .
Since the Red Army period, many foreign friends have expressed their support and extended a helping hand to our army. Ma Haide is one of the few who directly rooted himself deeply in China and became a staunch communist fighter. He also married a Chinese girl and lived in China until his death. Although
is not famous all over the world, no foreigner can match his contribution to China's new democratic revolution.
Maheide
A strange doctor nourishes the young mind
Maheide was born in 1910 in a Lebanese immigrant family in New York, USA. Both parents are workers of steel mills.
What troubled this poor family at that time was not only financially struggling, but also infectious diseases that were often prevalent.
The medical conditions at that time were not well developed. Many people could not afford to treat the infectious disease at all. They worked hard to get through ordinary diseases. Once they had serious diseases, they would wander on the verge of death.
Under such living conditions, Ma Haide has had a deep impression of infectious diseases since he was a child. Once, the whole family had influenza , but their parents could not afford to treat the disease, so they had no choice but to endure it.
US
At this moment, a local doctor took the initiative to come to treat their whole family, and left some money before leaving to buy some bread.
The selflessness and kindness of this doctor deeply touched Ma Haide's heart. From then on, he was full of yearning for the profession of doctors. With this yearning, he chose the medicine major without hesitation in college.
In 1933, Ma Haide graduated from , the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and obtained a doctorate in medicine. He and his classmates prepared to go to various places to investigate the epidemic.
When he learned that China, with a vast territory, was experiencing the double misfortune of Japanese aggression and medical backwardness, he resolutely chose the location of the inspection in China.
When working in Guangci Hospital in Shanghai, China, he saw the current situation where the Chinese people united and united in order to resist foreign invasion, but were helpless to suffer from the torture of diseases.
Guangci Hospital former site
Originally he was only going to work in China for one year, he made another choice that shocked his friends - to stay in China.
In order to treat Chinese people, Ma Haide and his friends opened a clinic in Shanghai. At first, there were not many ordinary people visiting the doctor. Later, people found that this foreign doctor was not only kind and responsible for the patients, but also charged very low fees, so more and more people came to see the doctor.
When I saw that many patients delayed treatment due to lack of medical knowledge, Ma Haide became more determined to stay in China to develop medical care and popularize medicine.
Ma Haide
Later, all the friends who opened clinics in partnership returned to China one after another, but only Ma Haide insisted on staying.
As the clinic becomes more and more famous in Shanghai, more and more people come to the clinic for treatment, Ma Haide gradually gets to know many people from all walks of life in Shanghai.
One day, a white woman from the United States and he came to the clinic for treatment. After talking, Ma Haide realized that the lady named Smedley in front of him was the English secretary of Soong Ching Ling , and this person is also a member of Communist International .
's acquaintance with Smedley made Ma Haide's fate begin to change. He not only met Ms. Soong Ching Ling through Smedley, but also learned about the Communist International and the Communist Party of China from Smedley.
Song Ching Ling
At this time, Ma Haide learned that when Chiang Kai-shek gave up the Northeast and turned passively against Japan, there was a revolutionary team led by the Communist Party of China on the land of northern Shaanxi in China. They established a red revolutionary base and advocated active anti-Japanese resistance, but were suppressed or even attacked by Chiang Kai-shek.
The sense of justice in Ma Haide's heart made him curious about this mysterious unit at that time.
Later, from Soong Ching Ling, the revolutionary team in northern Shaanxi had backward medical conditions and shortage of medical supplies, which made him increasingly want to go to northern Shaanxi in person and make a contribution to this team that was backward but insisted on anti-Japanese.
just so happens that at this time, , the northern Shaanxi Red Army also hopes to find doctors from relatively developed cities such as Shanghai to improve the medical conditions of revolutionary bases. The central leadership has expressed this to Soong Ching Ling, who is in Shanghai, and hopes that Soong Ching Ling can help find a reliable doctor. Soong Ching Ling immediately agreed.
Song Ching Ling
Foreigners who stayed in China chose to stay in northern Shaanxi
When Soong Ching Ling was looking for a doctor, the first thing that came to mind was Ma Haide, who had long been yearning for the red base area for a long time.
She found Ma Haide and showed her invitation from the central government, which made Ma Haide excited and happy. She didn't expect that she would wait so quickly for the opportunity to go to northern Shaanxi.
At that time, American journalist Snow also happened to go to northern Shaanxi through Soong Ching Ling's arrangement, so Ma Haide and Snow, together with Soong Ching Ling's careful arrangement, were escorted by underground party members on the road to northern Shaanxi.
Along the way, they were going to pass through the numerous blockades of the Kuomintang army. In order to cover their identities, underground party members prepared relevant documents for them.
Snow
Sometimes in order to avoid arousing suspicion from the Kuomintang sentry, they also hid in trucks that transport goods, wearing ordinary cotton coats of Chinese farmers, and hid under a pile of goods.
As decent doctors and journalists, Ma Haide and Snow have never had such a "grabbed" experience, but they are willing to endure all this because they are about to arrive at the red revolutionary base they longed for.
After some adventures and bumps, Ma Haide and Snow finally successfully entered northern Shaanxi under the leadership of the underground party.
July 8, 1936 was the day when Ma Haide and Snow arrived in northern Shaanxi. Central leaders such as Zhou Enlai, Li Kenong and Ye Jianying welcomed these two important guests at Baijiaping, the frontier of the base area.
Premier Zhou
A few days later, they met Chairman Mao with Zhou Enlai. Chairman Mao warmly welcomed them. Later, they accompanied the Red Army officers and soldiers to inspect the customs and peoples in many places in northern Shaanxi to understand the conditions of the base.
One thing that has become well-known since then was that American journalist Snow wrote "The Journey to the West", based on what he saw and heard in Yan'an, which was later renamed "Red Stars Shine in China".
This book comprehensively introduces the situation of the Red Revolutionary Base at that time, allowing the whole Chinese people to understand the customs and customs of Yan'an, the good political policies of the Communist Party and the concept of saving the country.
, which is as far-reaching as Snow's books, but not widely known, is Ma Haide's great contribution to the medical cause of the northern Shaanxi base.
When Ma Haide just arrived in northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao said to him earnestly: "Please give valuable opinions on the work of various health units of the army."
Chairman Mao
Ma Haide knew that the medical and health conditions in the base area were very limited, so as a doctor, he immediately began to participate in the health work of the Red Army.
When meeting with central cadres, Ma Haide performed a physical examination for injured cadres such as Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian and gave further treatment suggestions.
Then he immediately got off the army and evaluated and improved the medical conditions of the army, as if he was doing his own job in a unit he was already very familiar with, and was familiar with it.
. In fact, the relationship between Ma Haide and the Red Army has actually started before he came to northern Shaanxi.
Ma Haide
Since 1935, Soong Ching Ling purchased a large number of medical devices and medicines in Shanghai through Ma Haide's efforts and cover, and transported them to the red base in multiple times. At the same time, driven by curiosity about the Red Army, Ma Haide began to learn Marxism-Leninist thoughts, and let communist belief take root in his heart, and also used his clinic as the meeting and joint location for the Shanghai underground party.
Once when Chen Yun traveled to the Soviet Union through Shanghai, Ma Haide escorted Chen Yun on board as a foreign doctor.
It can be said that before Ma Haide came to northern Shaanxi, he was already half a Communist and half a Red Army. Therefore, after coming to northern Shaanxi, he immediately felt like he was back home.
While continuing to learn the ideas of Malaysian-Leninistan , Ma Haide completely devoted himself to the medical and health construction work in the northern Shaanxi base area.
Based on the limited conditions in northern Shaanxi, he proposed the working policy of "thrift, self-reliance, and creation of a medical system". Since then, the number of hospitals and clinics in the base area has begun to grow rapidly.
When he came to Shanghai, China, Ma Haide, who had planned to stay for only one year, made up his mind to stay in China. Now after coming to the northern Shaanxi base, he had planned to conduct a brief investigation and assistance, and made up his mind to stay in the red base. Since then, this place has become the belonging of his soul and career.
When Ma Haide was building the hospital, he used Bethune Hospital as the learning object, and established 8 central hospitals in the red base area, 24 district hospitals were established with the central hospital as the starting point, and dozens of medical clinics in various places.
The total beds of these medical institutions have reached more than 10,000, forming a gradually mature medical system.
Before Ma Haide arrived, many injured people could not receive good treatment, and treatment was repeatedly delayed due to lack of medical treatment and medicine for a long time.
These hospitals and clinics established by Ma Haide have allowed thousands of injured and sick people in the northern Shaanxi base to receive timely treatment after being injured, and continue to devote themselves to the anti-Japanese cause after successfully recovering.
In addition to having excellent trauma treatment skills and medical construction capabilities, Ma Haide is also good at preventing and treating infectious diseases.
Because Ma Haide's family has been often affected by infectious diseases since he was a child, he has been keen on studying the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases after studying medicine.
When he had just arrived in northern Shaanxi to meet Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao once held his hand and said: "Please evaluate the possibility of infectious diseases in the army."
Chairman Mao
In order to facilitate Ma Haide to carry out medical work in the army, the Party Central Committee specially appointed him as a medical consultant. This is the first position Ma Haide has obtained in the Red Army and is also a very important position, which shows the Party Central Committee's full trust in him.
According to Chairman Mao’s instructions, Ma Haide was inspecting the construction of the medical system in the base area, and also carefully examined the potential transmission factors of infectious diseases in the base area.
After careful investigation and analysis, Ma Haide concluded that the possibility of an infectious disease outbreak in the northern Shaanxi base area was relatively small, which reassured the leaders of the Party Central Committee.
"I will approve you to be the first to become Chinese nationality"
At that time, Chairman Mao was very mentally exhausted because of his busy military and government affairs. In order to help Chairman Mao relax, Ma Haide often accompanied Chairman Mao for walks and plays table tennis.
In addition, he studied the treatment plans of various wounded people in the hospital, or went to the hospital bed to check the conditions of the officers and soldiers. Wang Jiaxiang was weak and sickly at the time, and Ma Haide often went to him personally to treat him.
Whenever Wang Jiaxiang's high fever does not subside, he will stay by his side all night until his condition improves.
Wang Jiaxiang
As he has worked in China for longer and longer, he has gradually integrated himself into the cultural environment of China.
In February 1937, Ma Haide joined the Communist Party of China, and since then he has allowed himself to live like an ordinary Chinese Communist fighter.
Ma Haide is a foreigner who made outstanding contributions to the Chinese revolution, and can even be said to be the one who made the first contribution.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he expressed his desire to become Chinese nationality. At that time, Premier Zhou promised him:
"When the new China is established in the future, I will approve you to become Chinese nationality first."
Premier Zhou
Later, in 1949, After the founding of New China , Ma Haide specifically found Premier Zhou and made his promise that year.
Premier Zhou made a letter and immediately issued an instruction to allow Ma Haide to become Chinese nationality. From then on, Ma Haide went to the work of socialist construction with everyone as a Chinese.
In 1950, Ma Haide was appointed as an advisor to the Ministry of Health. First of all, he focused on the prevention and treatment of skin diseases and venereal diseases.
In order to improve the level of China's skin diseases and venereal disease prevention and control capabilities, he personally visited various provinces to investigate and participated in the establishment of the China Dermatology and Venereal Disease Research Institute, so that thousands of people in China can eliminate the pain of skin diseases and venereal diseases.
Ma Haide treats people
In addition, he has been conducting research on the prevention and control of leprosy.
Leprosy is an infectious skin disease. At mild cases, it can cause skin ulcers and thick peripheral nerves, and at worst, it may cause limb disability. Before the founding of New China, leprosy has been a serious infectious disease that plagues Chinese people.
After the founding of New China, the health department began to study the prevention and control of leprosy. At first, the research progress was slow due to limited medical conditions.
Later, with the progress of reform and opening up, Ma Haide seized the opportunity and immediately put forward the slogan "Let China eliminate leprosy before 2000."
Ma Haide
In order to promote the prevention and control of leprosy, he has participated in medical exchanges in many countries and has won over 100 million yuan in financial support for China's health work internationally.
With the active efforts of Ma Haide and with increasingly advanced medical equipment, my country's leprosy prevention and control work has made rapid progress.
By 2000, leprosy in my country had been completely effectively controlled, and the incidence rate became extremely low, and the number of patients decreased from more than 500,000 at the founding of the People's Republic of China to several thousand.
But unfortunately, Comrade Ma Haide died of illness in 1988 and was unable to wait until 2000.
Ma Haide
The Chinese girl he married when he was in Yan'an, and was also a medical worker. Their child Zhou Youma was born in Yan'an in 1943. Later, he served as the president of Ma Haide Foundation for a long time, using the money contributed by his father to support people in need in all walks of life.
