Hu Jun introduction:
Hu Jun (1869-1909), whose courtesy name is Yulan, is from Chengdu, Sichuan. He passed the Jinshi exam in Beijing in 1895, and was appointed as editor of Hanlin Academy in 1898. In 1903, he served as the first principal of Sichuan Higher Education College, and inspected Japanese education in early 1903. In 1905, he served as the general director of Sichuan-Han Railway Company and went to the United States to inspect railway construction. In 1907, he was appointed as the vice premier of Sichuan-Han Railway Co., Ltd., and in 1908, he served as the prime minister of the Qing government in Sichuan, responsible for the entire Sichuan railway. He has written dozens of volumes of poetry and prose diaries, and is edited as "Diary of Cangxia Pavilion".
Sichuan Higher Education School was built in Chengdu Gongyuan (data picture)
Life
Attention to education
Hu Jun is from Huayang, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, born in 1869. The Hu family is a family of scholars and influenced by the family. Hu Jun learned calligraphy and writing from his father since he was a child, showing his unique talent. In 1891, 22-year-old Hu Jun passed the imperial examination and passed the imperial examination four years later, and was appointed as editor of the Hanlin Academy.
During this period, Hu Jun met Liu Guangdi, , Yang Rui, , Qiao Shunan, and others, who are also Sichuan people. The reform of in the capital was booming, and Hu Jun was deeply affected. He secretly made up his mind to explore a path of innovation. The Reform Movement of 1898 failed, the Six Gentlemen were killed, and his friend Qiao Shunan risked his life to restrain Liu Guangdi, and Hu Jun was shocked. At this time, he received news that his father had passed away. In 1899, Hu Jun left the capital with a sad mood and returned to Sichuan to attend the funeral, which changed his life since then.
Hu Jun's talent and knowledge have long been known. As soon as he got home, an official came to visit and asked him to preside over Shaocheng Academy. Because he had not fulfilled his filial piety, Hu Jun politely declined. Many students in Sichuan have worked hard, traveling through mountains and rivers, and come here to see them. "From traveling thousands of miles." Hu Jun enjoyed it, so he simply opened a museum at home to teach his disciples. People came and went, and they were in full swing.
Sichuan colleges and universities started with Lu Chuanlin . In 1896, when Lu Chuanlin was appointed as the governor of Sichuan, he started to establish Sichuan Central and Western School , which is the prototype of Sichuan universities. In 1902, the Qing government promulgated the imperial school charter, requiring all localities to establish schools independently, and the trend of running schools across the country was prevalent. Kui Jun, who was the governor at the time, merged Sichuan Central and Western Schools, Jinjiang Academy and Zunjing Academy to establish Sichuan University Hall. In December of the same year, the successor Governor-General Cen Chunxuan changed the school to a higher school in Sichuan Province. This is the first highest institution of learning in Sichuan and is directly managed by the Governor-General and the academic administration. Cen Chunxuan visited the door three times and asked Hu Jun to be the first principal of the higher education school. Hu Jun was moved by Cen Chunxuan's true feelings and agreed with mercy.
Hu Jun attaches great importance to education. He said: "The chaos in a country depends on the rise and fall of talents, and the rise and fall of talents depends on the education of the country." He hates that imperial examination system buried talents, and he wants to run a brand new school. In early 1903, Hu Jun officially took office and immediately went to Japan for inspection. Hu Jun inspected Japan's education administration, academic system rules and discipline charter, and studied it in detail. At the same time, he also had a detailed understanding of Japan's national strength and people's conditions.
A few months later, Hu Jun returned to Chengdu. He personally wrote the school's various rules and regulations and disciplines, and invited Japanese people to give guidance, buy back instruments, equipment, teaching aids, build school buildings, etc., and handle all things big and small. In November 1903, Sichuan Higher Education College opened, and the opening ceremony was held in March 1904. Hu Jun became the first president of Sichuan universities, and later generations called him the first prime minister. At that time, Hu Jun proposed the school purpose of "relying on the deputy country and creating generalists", which also showed his far-reaching ambitions. The school has successively cultivated a large number of outstanding talents and revolutionaries, such as Zhu De, Guo Moruo, , Yang Shangkun, Li Jieren, etc.
Hu Jun is committed to revitalizing Sichuan education. Under his suggestion, the new Governor Xiliang selected a large number of students to study abroad. In just two or three years, the number of students studying abroad reached thousands. In 1906, Hu Jun was appointed as the Speaker of the Provincial Academic Affairs Office and presided over the provincial education. His school management ability was also greatly utilized. By 1907, Sichuan Province had 7,775 schools, ranking second in the country, and students ranked first in the country, reaching a glorious period, which was inseparable from Hu Jun's efforts.
Hu Jun is so honest that he is demanding of himself. He has worked in a railway company for five years and has never received any salary. When inspecting the United States, the government set a monthly salary of 500 taels, but he didn't receive a penny or a cent. I don’t want to spend the country’s money to build railways. It was not until the company was later changed to a commercial office that he barely paid 100 taels of carriage and horse fees per month. Hu Jun went abroad for two inspections, with a debt of up to 3,000 taels, and was unable to repay until his death.
Hu Jun is busy both at the school and the company while sick. In the autumn of 1908, Zhao Erfeng established the Advisory Bureau Preparatory Office, and Hu Jun served as assistant manager, responsible for the preparation and establishment of the Advisory Bureau. In February 1909, he died of hemoptysis in Chengdu at the age of 40. When he was dying, Hu Jun calmly said to his family: "If you have a collection of books in your room, you can leave your disciples; if you don't accumulate wealth, you will not let down the Sichuan people."
Educational concept
Sichuan Provincial Higher Education College The first Prime Minister Hu Jun (1869-1909) once went to Japan for a travel official to study Japan's academic system and postulated the educational policy of "based on Chinese classics and history, so that students can return to their pure minds, and then learn from Western learning to gain knowledge, practice their skills, and strive to become talents in the future, and use them to suit their own uses, so that they can rely on the country, create generalists, and be cautious in preventing malpractice."
Hu Jun: The governance and chaos of a country depends on the prosperity and decline of talents; and the prosperity and decline of talents depends on the education of the country.
The imperial examination system in Chinese history began with , Sui and Tang , and has not stopped until the Qing Dynasty, and has been used for more than 1,300 years. There is very few "system" that can compare with the profound and wide influence of the imperial examination system on politics, economy, culture, thought, folk customs and even national character. Its appearance is a reflection of social progress. In ancient society, it was the most open and fair system for selecting talents. The title of the Golden List is an idiom, which was first derived from the Five Dynasties· Wang Dingbao "Tang Literature·Volume 3".
The original meaning of this idiom refers to the candidates who passed the imperial examination and passed the imperial examination and were on the admission list, and later generally referred to being admitted in the examination.
Since the founding of the imperial examinations in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, studying and becoming an official has become a right way for scholars all over the world to seek fame and fame. According to statistics, from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than one million Juren, more than one hundred thousand Jinshi, and more than 700 top scholars in civil and military affairs were produced. The term "Zhuangzi" was once called "Zhengtou" in in the Tang Dynasty. The results will be released after the palace examination, and the one who ranks first is "六子". It was not until the early Ming Dynasty that the court clearly stipulated that the "top scholar" was the special title of the first Jinshi. The palace examination is the last sprint for the scientific examination and the most glorious examination. According to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, after the palace examination, the new Jinshi must wear a public uniform and a crown of three branches and nine leaves, and stand behind all officials to wait for the order. The emperor came to , the Palace of Supreme Harmony, and read out the ranking of Jinshi, which was called Chuanlu or Chuanlu. In fact, it was the ceremony for the emperor to announce the ranking of Jinshi. This method was the most solemn in the Song Dynasty and was in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Such a grand ceremony has many good stories and many strange things.
Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, scholars took the exam for scholars at the county level. The first place in the provincial examination is called "Xieyuan". The first place in the national (community examination) exam is called Huiyuan. The first place in the palace examination is called "The No. 1", the second place is called "The No. 1", and the third name is "Tanhua". The rest are called "Jinshi". The top three are admitted to the Hanlin Academy. Other Jinshi must pass the examination and be selected before they can enter the Hanlin Academy for another three years. Entering the Hanlin Academy is the same as the top scholar. In the Qing Dynasty, he was not good at being a minister and prime minister, but he had to be a Hanlin graduate. The ancient imperial examination system was admitted to Jinshi after the palace examination, and the announcement of the ranking was announced. Because it was written on yellow paper, it was called Huangjia and Jinban. It is mostly designated by the emperor, commonly known as the imperial list. If you pass the Jinshi exam, you will be called the Golden List. In traditional Chinese culture, the four joys are mentioned, "There are "a long-term drought that leads to rain, a long-term encounter with an old friend, a wedding night, and a golden list title", which refers to the four biggest joyful events in life.
Author's description: I will publish pictures and texts introducing the characters of " Golden List Title " in China in the past dynasties. If you like it, you can enter the three words "Lin Dongjia" in the search for "Today's Headlines" to view published articles and pictures. Please also pay attention and like. Thanks.
