"In the past, Mulan served in the army for ten years, succeeded in fame and returned with glory. You are a man, you must beat her and not lose to her! Therefore, you must defeat the Japanese invaders and surpass Mulan's military achievements. I hope to reply and send the photos."
Every letter from home on the battlefield is a true portrayal of "an inch of river, mountain, blood" in that era.
This letter from the Anti-Japanese War was sent by Lu Jinhai, a young student from Sichuan. Like other 100,000 passionate students, he responded to the call of the National Government and joined the army from the campus in the rear to fight against Japan.
"A inch of rivers and mountains, one inch of blood, one hundred thousand young people and one hundred thousand troops", this slogan is slightly tragic and passionate, full of the spirit of the decisive war of resistance, and is one of the deepest marks left by China during the War of Resistance Against Japan.
"How can one inch of flesh and blood be without tragic rivers?" The lyrics in "Songhu Battle Song" were widely circulated on the front line and the rear during the Battle of Songhu. The soldiers offered themselves to the country, arousing the morale of the military and civilians across the country. However, the famous conscription slogan of "one inch of river and mountain, one inch of blood, one hundred thousand young people and one hundred thousand troops" was regarded as the slogan after September 1944.
That year, both the battlefields of Japan and China and abroad were facing a decisive battle of life and death.
On the battlefield of Yunnan-Burma, at that time, the Chinese Expeditionary Force had recovered Songshan and Tengchong in western Yunnan. The Chinese Army stationed in India also conquered Myitkyna in northern Myanmar. The Expeditionary Force and the Indian Army stationed in India were about to meet to reopen the international channel of Yunnan-Burma. However, in the domestic battlefield, the Kuomintang army was defeated in the Henan, Hunan and Guangxi battle launched by the Japanese army, and lost hundreds of thousands of troops. The Japanese army had fought from Henan to Guangxi, forming a situation of encircling mainland China from Vietnam to north, and the situation was extremely dangerous.
At that time, the Kuomintang army mainly relied on recruitment from the southwest rear to supplement the troops. This was seven years, and the strong men in the rear had been exhausted. In view of the increasingly difficult situation in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the National Government had to use the last group of young people, the school students, to join the War of Resistance Against Japan.
At the critical moment of emergency war, in order to alleviate the tension of soldiers, recruiting students in large quantities into the army has become a national policy that the National Government has to implement.
As early as a year ago, in 1943, the Legislative Yuan of the National Government announced the new " Military Service Law ". On the premise of encouraging young students to voluntarily register for the military, the regulations on students' temporary suspension of military service were abolished, and students of military service age were required to register at school and participate in the lottery. Those who were drawn were summoned in order. After joining the army, students can retain their academic status and continue to study after they are discharged from the army. They can enjoy special preferential policies provided by the state in terms of employment, study abroad, etc.
944 On September 16, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech at the National Political Consultative Conference, officially sending a call for intellectuals to join the army. Chiang Kai-shek said, "Adding an intellectual youth to the team is like adding ten ordinary soldiers." Because students have a high level of education and can quickly adapt to the training requirements of modern warfare, a student soldier can surpass ten ordinary soldiers. Although
did not completely take compulsory measures at that time, and most of them were drawn by lottery to stay or leave, young students back then recalled that the government stipulated that "students in the Department of , must take the exam." Any examination is equivalent to being summoned to the army. If they are not called, students will be expelled from the school immediately.
is different from the previous small-scale recruitment. This time the order was aimed at the whole country. In just a few months, 120,000 young people joined the army, and the craze for military participation swept across the campus in the rear. More than 800 students, led by the son of the principal, Mei Zuyan, Mei, the son of the principal, resolutely interrupted their studies and left their beloved campus. They are a microcosm of the passionate service of the country in the rear.
The students have such great patriotic passion, which is nothing more than being stimulated by the national crisis. Devoting to the front line to kill the enemy and serve the country is the common ambition of passionate young people.
students signed up to join the army
students joined the army and trained in Xiangxi , Yunnan and other places, and some of them were trained in India.
Later, many people had a wrong impression that most of these young students joined the Chinese Expeditionary Force (actually the Chinese Army in India), and even mistakenly thought that they launched the "100,000 Youth" and formed the "100,000 Army" to fight against the Yunnan-Burma battlefield. This was not the case.
The predecessor of the Chinese Army in India was the first Chinese Expeditionary Force to march 5 Myanmar in March 1942. After failing the first expedition, it retreated to British India. It was renamed the Chinese Army in India in January 1943.
At the Lambga Base in India, the Chinese army stationed in India received military training and logistics supplies from the US military, and required a large number of intellectual young people who knew English to serve as translators in the army. The Indian Army Command put forward the requirement of "supplementing the source of soldiers with certain cultural qualities". Therefore, many young students, especially those familiar with foreign languages, flew over the Himalayas, arrived in Lambga and Redo in India, and were incorporated into various units of the Chinese army stationed in India, especially the newly formed 1st Army and the subsequent newly formed 6th Army.
Because of the joining of a large number of young students, the quality of the Chinese army stationed in India is much higher than that of other domestic troops. It is no exaggeration to say that the average education level of the Chinese army stationed in India is higher than that of the British, American and Japanese soldiers of the same period, and the troops stationed in India have been the main force of the Kuomintang army later.
Because many people confused the Chinese army in India with the Chinese Expeditionary Force, this group of student troops left behind a large number of diaries and memoirs about the battlefield in Yunnan-Burma India, which caused a beautiful misunderstanding that " 100,000 Youth Hundred Thousand Army " was born specifically for the Expeditionary Force.
Chinese Army stationed in India
In addition to going to the Army stationed in India, some students were also assigned to other troops. Later, Chiang Kai-shek unified the students who remained in the country into the Youth Army.
Youth Army established 9 divisions, with numbers ranging from 201st Division to 209th Division.
Before the establishment of the Youth Army, the number of the first-level division of the Kuomintang army stopped at the 200th Division. During this period, the newly formed troops could only be awarded the numbers of the new XX Division or the temporary XX Division. For example, the new 22nd Division and the new 38th Division of the Chinese Army stationed in India were used, but the 9 divisions of the Youth Army broke this routine, which shows its speciality.
Youth Army Flag
Chiang Kai-shek had high hopes for the Youth Army and regarded it as a direct new army to rebuild the "Huangpu Spirit". He personally served as the chairman of the "Intellectual Youth Army Collection Committee" and the presidents of various universities served as members. He personally selected the commanders and regiment commanders of each division of the Youth Army. Most of them were direct generals from Huangpu. The division commander was highly qualified to be the rank of lieutenant general and the regiment commander was highly qualified to be the rank of major general. The political and material treatment of the Youth Army is also much higher than that of other Central Army units.
The director of the Political Department of the Youth Army is held by Jiang Ching-kuo. With the help of his power in Gannan for many years, Jiang Ching-kuo has planted many political cadres into the Youth Army and fully controlled the personnel power of the Youth Army.
It can be said that the Youth Army is a new "Wampu Student Army" that has not been trained in Wampu Military Academy, but is actually controlled by the two Chiang Kai-shek, commanded by the generals of the Wampu Group, and is shaped with the "Huangpu Spirit".
In addition, a small number of intellectual youths were incorporated into China's first paratrooper unit-the Army Paratrooper Commando. On the eve of the end of the war, this air blade carried out airborne operations in Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi respectively, which was regarded as the last train of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
At this point, we can see that the intellectual youth joining the army in the late War of Resistance Against Japan were generally these three main places. Whether it was the Expeditionary Force, the Youth Army or the Airborne Force , the intellectual youths were undoubtedly the most elite troops at that time.
As the last hope of the War of Resistance Against Japan, a large number of intellectual young people joined the army, breaking the trend of "soldiers not being in the army" for thousands of years. With their cultural advantages, this group of students learned skills such as driving cars, tanks, , controlling weapons, and repairing equipment in a short period of time, improving the combat effectiveness of the Chinese army. On the battlefield, many students failed to see the day of final victory.
In addition to directly participating in the war, many students also formed field service groups and made direct or indirect contributions to the War of Resistance.
There is also a group of intellectuals who yearn for a new world. They traveled through layers of blockades and finally arrived in Yan'an after many difficulties. According to statistics, before and after the War of Resistance Against Japan, at least 300,000 intellectual young people, university professors, journalists, and literary and artistic people entered Yan'an, Jinchaji , Taihang and other red bases, becoming fresh blood and outstanding elements in the Communist Party of China.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, these young students were inspired to exchange for a democratic and free country, but after returning, they faced the destruction of the country and the rampant corrupt officials. Some of the educated young people in the Indian army were discharged, while the Youth Army, as the main force of the direct line, was sent to the civil war by Chiang Kai-shek.
Except for the 206th Division and 207th Division, the performance of most young troops did not meet Chiang Kai-shek's expectations. They were not embroidered pillows, they were passionate young people in the fight against Japan. They also had a sense of family and country, and they did not want to kill each other. But as soldiers, they could only obey orders. They were at a loss and had to face this helpless battle, which was finally wiped out by the People's Liberation Army one by one.
A large number of potentially useful talents have been sacrificed on the battlefield, and this ending is unbearable.
