Seeing the name " Wu Sangui " , I believe that the first thing that many people appear in their minds is "I am angry for the beauty" . But in fact, Wu Sangui was a repetitive villain who had no loyalty and righteousness in the Ming Dynasty and was a repetitive villain who had no loyalty and righteousness. Chen Yuanyuan Because of this sentence, he has been bearing the bad reputation of "deceased Ming Dynasty" until now, which is really unfair.
Of course, Wu Sangui also paid a heavy price for two rebellions. was slaughtered twice in his life , which is rare in history.
First, because of betrayal of Ming Dynasty , the switch welcomed Qing army into the pass, defeating the Dashun army led by Li Zicheng . When Li Zicheng had no choice but to withdraw from Beijing, in order to retaliate against the villain Wu Sangui, he executed all 38 of Wu Sangui's parents, brothers and sisters and other tribesmen, , leaving no living person.
Later, Wu Sangui betrayed the Qing Dynasty , raised an army to rebel, and held high the banner of " Anti-Qing and Restoring Ming ". After another failure, Wu Sangui's family was killed again for the crime of rebellion. Kangxi In order to eliminate the roots and eliminate future troubles forever, he even launched a nationwide pursuit, trying to capture Wu Sangui's lineage in one net.
Judging from historical materials, after the whole family was executed and wanted nationwide, descendants of Wu Sangui's lineage never appeared in the subsequent historical records, as if they were completely erased by Kangxi. But in fact, the Qing soldiers killed Wu Sangui's lineage and did not kill him all, and One of Wu Sangui's sons was missed by chance.
The man who escaped by luck was named Wu Yingqi . He is Wu Sangui's biological son. Why can he escape such a strict pursuit? What happened later?
The lucky one who survived the whole family
Although Wu Yingqi does not have the prominent position of Wu Yingxiong , he also has the freedom that Wu Yingxiong does not have. Unlike Wu Yingxiong, who was always held hostage by the Qing court in Beijing, Wu Yingqi has always stayed with his father Wu Sangui and fought with his father in the south and north. With his courageous style of fighting and fighting, he has made many military achievements on the battlefield.
The reason why Wu Yingqi was able to stay with Wu Sangui to control military power was related to his brother Wu Sanfeng who was secretly adopted by Wu Sangui when he was young. This incident is extremely secret. Even in many historical materials in later generations, it is recorded that the relationship between Wu Sangui and Wu Yingqi is also related to uncle and nephew.
When Wu Sangui was the general of in the Ming Dynasty, Liaodong , he married his wife Zhang's , and then he took another concubine named Yang. Originally, as the general of Wu Sangui, it was normal to marry three wives and four concubines, but the true wife Zhang's "sexual jealous" is recorded in historical books as "shy woman" . She is very strong at home, and even Wu Sangui has to avoid three points.
After Zhang gave birth to Wu Yingxiong, Yang also gave birth to his son Wu Yingqi in the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty. But Yang's body was weak. After this delivery, his health was getting worse and worse. He passed away just a few months after giving birth and died suddenly. Wu Yingqi lost Yang's protection and was excluded by Zhang's . She firmly disagreed with Wu Sangui continuing to keep Wu Yingqi by her side.
Yang is no longer there, and Zhang is making trouble again. Wu Sangui has no choice but to decide to send the child away. But even the tiger poison did not eat his son, so Wu Sangui naturally couldn't bear to give his biological son to outsiders to raise, so he sent Wu Yingqi to his brother Wu Sanfeng and adopted him to his brother.
From then on, Wu Sangui kept his mouth secretly about this. After Wu Yingqi grew up, Wu Sangui was still commensurate with his uncle and nephew. Even if he is a confidant around Wu Sangui, few people know about this secret thing back then. As for Zhang and Wu Sanfeng, who know the inside story, they each have their own concerns and are unwilling to mention the old things again.
Because of this, Wu Yingqi lost the opportunity to be a prince since childhood because of Zhang's fierceness, but he also avoided being paid attention to by the Qing court and escaped the tragic fate of entering the capital as a qualitative person. Wu Yingqi was named for his military achievements. Although he was the second leg of the Western vassal state, he was Wu Sangui's biological flesh and blood, and Wu Sangui took good care of him on weekdays. Everyone only thinks that Wu Sangui is his nephew who loves him.
673, Wu Sangui took the banner of "anti-Qing and restoring Ming" and officially launched an anti-Qing army. Although it was ridiculous that the rebel generals of the Ming Dynasty raised an army to restore the Ming Dynasty, such slogans helped Wu Sangui gather a group of anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty to follow him to fight against the Qing court.
Wu Sangui's son Wu Yingxiong did not choose to leave Beijing and return to Kunming before Wu Sangui rose up, but secretly sent his eldest son Wu Shifan back to Kunming. When Wu Sangui saw that Wu Shifan returned alone , he understood the intention of his son Wu Yingxiong and learned that Kangxi was going to cut off the vassal in advance, so he decided to raise an army in advance.
After Wu Sangui officially launched an army , Wu Yingxiong and others were immediately arrested. When discussing how to deal with Wu Yingxiong, Nalan Mingzhu proposed that hang Wu Yingxiong and his son Wu Shilin .
Wu Yingxiong is the son of Wu Sangui, but he is also the son-in-law of the current dynasty. After Wu Yingxiong was executed, He Shuo Kechun Princess was very dissatisfied with this. Kangxi issued several edicts to comfort her, saying that Wu Yingxiong was "burned by the rebels" , and wanted to express a meaning that he was helpless.
But in fact, who cares about a princess’ emotions? Although Kangxi left behind the youngest son born by Wu Yingxiong and the princess at that time, he also imprisoned them. After Yunnan was pacified, Kangxi had no last concerns and directly executed all the two youngest sons and other concubines born to the princess and Wu Yingxiong to prevent future troubles.
Wu Yingqi's situation is much better than Wu Yingxiong. After Wu Sangui raised his army, he was immediately appointed as the General of the Jinwu Hou. During this period, Wu Yingqi once put forward a bold idea. first pretends to cooperate with the withdrawal of the vassal states, pull the team to the hinterland of the Central Plains, and then wait for an opportunity to raise an army in , and then quickly reach the capital.
This plan was not implemented in the end, mainly because of the short-sightedness of Mabao , Hu Guozhu and others, and missed this opportunity. Of course, this approach is extremely risky and has a bit of a death-making effect. If you don’t know the final outcome, such a dangerous move will be difficult to adopt at that time.
failed to achieve a plan, in early March of the following year, Wu Yingqi led Ma Bao and joined forces with Zhang Guozhu to advance along the river and land to the important military city of Hunan. At that time, the garrison of Yuezhou was Li Guodong. Seeing that the rebels were powerful, he might be unstoppable. He accepted Wu Yingqi's instigation and ordered Wu Yingqi and others to obtain Yuezhou without bloodshed.
news reached Wu Sangui's ears, which made him very happy. ordered Wu Yingqi to lead an army of 70,000 to guard Yuezhou to prevent the Qing soldiers stationed in Jingzhou from launching a counterattack against Yuezhou. Yuezhou is a strategic location, and the loss of Yuezhou is very unfavorable to the Qing court. As Wu Sangui expected, the Qing army quickly launched a counterattack on Yuezhou, attempting to regain control of Yuezhou.
But Wu Sangui had already sent heavy troops to guard and told Wu Yingqi to stick to it. Although the Qing soldiers were powerful and took some advantage when attacking Yuezhou, the battlefield was always controlled by the Wu army in the outer waters. Although the Qing soldiers fought hard, they could not endanger Yuezhou and eventually had to return without success.
Wu Yingqi was also a contribution to defending the city during his tenure in Yuezhou, but overall, he was able to repel the Qing army mainly relying on the strong army's strength. Wu Yingqi's role was not very important. But he was Wu Sangui's son after all. Wu Sangui lost Wu Yingxiong, so he naturally wanted to cultivate Wu Yingqi.
678, after Wu Sangui became emperor, Wu Yingqi was named General , and was highly valued by Wu Sangui. However, it is not a wise move to be called emperor or to be named Wu Yingqi as a general.
Wu Sangui ascended the throne and became emperor himself, which means that the banner of "anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty" he had previously erected was fake. He just used this to make profits for the Wu family and never thought about restoring the Ming Dynasty.This move made many patriots who really wanted to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty disheartened, and their fighting will no longer be strong, and some even began to escape from Wu Sangui.
Wu Sangui named Wu Yingqi as the general, and he was even more suspicious of being nepotist. Before Wu Yingqi became the general, Fang Guangchen advised Wu Sangui that Wu Yingqi is a person with a flaw in his personality and is prone to being arrogant and cannot reuse . After hearing this, Wu Sangui agreed with Fang Guangchen's point of view in , but judging from his subsequent performance, he didn't listen to a single word of Fang Guangchen's words.
Before Wu Yingqi's true identity was revealed, many people did not understand why Wu Sangui valued Wu Yingqi so much? In fact, Wu Sangui was also helpless. His full cultivation of his son Wu Yingqi was just wishful thinking. As Fang Guangchen said in , his son was simply incompetent.
After Wu Yingqi became a general, his arrogance soon revealed. disrespects his subordinates, deducts soldiers' food and salary, and even selfishly sells the military salary assigned to him by Wu Sangui to . Over time, Wu Yingqi's prestige declined sharply. The navy general Lin Xingzhu and others even turned to the Qing court because they could not stand Wu Yingqi.
Wu Yingqi obviously did not inherit the IQ of his father Wu Sangui. Faced with the disagreement strategy used by the Qing court against him, he missed none of them, which caused The people in Yuezhou to be panic and betrayal of their relatives and despise them. Not only did he not realize the seriousness of the problem, he also shouted the slogan "It is better to kill by mistake than let go", which caused many people to be imprisoned.
His absurd behavior gradually could not even see the people of Yuezhou. A folk song gradually spread among the people, expressing the dissatisfaction of the people of Yuezhou at that time:
"Wu Yingqi, Wu Yingqi, kill you and sacrifice to Kangxi."
In addition, after Wu Sangui raised the army, Wang Fuchen did not lead the troops to respond, but chose to send the letter of Wu Sangui's rebellion to Kangxi. This matter is also related to Wu Yingqi.
Wang Fuchen and Wu Sangui were very close at that time. They usually called each other brothers, but because Wu Yingqi and Wang Fuchen were incompatible, they created conflicts between Wu Sangui and Wang Fuchen, which made Wang Fuchen feel frustrated and left Wu Sangui.
Wu Sangui, who was kept in the dark, had spent a huge amount of money to win over Wang Fuchen. When he learned that he was leaving, he also took out 20,000 taels of silver to give it to him. Unfortunately, all Wu Sangui's efforts were wasted, resulting in Wang Fuchen's reversal of Kangxi afterwards.
Wu Yingqi's incompetence has reached the point where the people know it. How could Wu Sangui not know it? He was also very disappointed with this incompetent son. He did not pass the throne to Wu Yingqi before his death, but to his crown prince Wu Shifan, which was one of the important manifestations.
After Wu Shifan succeeded to the throne, Wu Yingqi was promoted to King of Chu by . But judging from the situation at that time, the title of King Chu was destined to be enjoyed for a while. The Wu army, whose defeat was decided, was no longer tenable in Yuezhou. Seeing that the situation was not good, Wu Yingqi led his army out of Yuezhou and headed towards Changsha. After entering Changsha, Wu Yingqi was still worried and continued to retreat to Chenlong Pass . Even so, the situation of the Wu army was still in danger. Shortly after Wu Yingqi retreated to Chenlong Pass, he had no choice but to retreat to Guizhou again. After that, Wu Jun retreated frequently until he retreated to Kunming , in a dilemma of being unable to retreat.
Wu Yingqi and Chen Yuanyuan live in seclusion, and now there are more than a thousand descendants
During the withdrawal of troops, when Wu Yingqi passed by Chenzhou, he had visited Cengong County . At that time, Wu Sangui was dead, and Chen Yuanyuan fled to Cengong County for refuge. Wu Yingqi made a special trip to Cengong County to visit Chen Yuanyuan and told the truth to Chen Yuanyuan. The current situation of the Wu army was very poor, so Chen Yuanyuan was careful to hide.
Wu Yingqi has military affairs. After visiting Chen Yuanyuan, he continued to lead his army to retreat.When Wu Yingqi escorted Wu Shifan to the border of Yunnan and Guizhou, he encountered the Qing soldiers. After a fierce battle, Wu Yingqi was defeated. Although he sent Wu Shifan to Kunming safely, he had made up his mind not to return to Kunming, but turned around to Cengong County, met Chen Yuanyuan and hid in Cengong County together.
Wu Yingqi did this because he knew his identity was special. When the Qing army conquered Kunming, he had no hope of survival. If he wanted to save his life, he could only hide in advance. At that time, Chen Yuanyuan already knew Wu Yingqi's true identity. She was willing to hide with Wu Yingqi at that time, just to keep this bloodline for Wu Sangui .
Wu Yingqi and Chen Yuanyuan hid in Cengong County and renamed Wu Qihua. This is also the real reason why the Qing army never found Chen Yuanyuan after conquering Kunming. According to historical records, after the Qing army conquered Kunming, Chen Yuanyuan was not found in , nor Wu Sangui's body was found in . Wu Sangui's urn was found in the center of the lake. It is unknown whether the ashes contained in it belonged to Wu Sangui.
There have been many statements about Chen Yuanyuan's death over the past 300 years. For example, Dai Gangsun, a Qing Dynasty man, wrote in "Kunming County Chronicles" that when Chen Yuanyuan was pacified, "had been dead for several years" ; Tian Longyun also expressed the meaning of something in "Dian Gu Zuolu" , It is believed that "Chen Yuanyuan died first."
"Gu Jin" and "The Legend of Wu Ni" advocate that Chen Yuanyuan died of illness during Wu Sangui's rebellion. "The Complete Biography of Chen Yuanyuan" believes that Chen Yuanyuan committed suicide in the autumn of the 16th year of the Kangxi reign, "deathed himself in the lotus pond" .
Of course, there is also the saying that "Chen Yuanyuan died after the city of Kunming was destroyed." "Ping Wu Lu" advocates that Chen Yuanyuan was "Chen Yuan and the pseudo-queer Guo both hanged themselves." "Wu Sangui Chen Yuanyuan" is written in more detail:
"The Qing army attacked Kunming,... Chen Yuanyuan looked at the autumn water and the sky, put his hands together, recited the Buddha's name, and jumped into the lotus pond."
No matter which statement, there is no basis. The fact is that Chen Yuanyuan did not see anyone, died, and Wu Sangui's body was not found.
Since the Qing Dynasty had been broken, the Qing court conducted a nationwide search on Wu Sangui's relevant personnel, but no Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Yingqi were found. In history books, after Wu Yingqi led his troops to retreat to Kunming, there was no record of in , giving people the illusion that the two had no idea where they died.
After all, people who are similar to this situation in history are Zhu Yunwen . His whereabouts are still a mystery. If Chen Yuanyuan's tomb was not discovered in Majiazhai , if the descendants of the Wu family did not establish "secret successor" for generations, the fact that Wu Yingqi and Chen Yuanyuan lived in seclusion would probably have been hidden in history.
Chen Yuanyuan was able to take Wu Yingqi to hide in Majiazhai, Shuiwei Town, Cengong County and escape from the pursuit of the Qing court. This matter is actually very difficult. Without careful planning and high wisdom, this matter would never be possible.
Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Yingqi successfully lived in seclusion in Majiazhai, and retaining Wu Sangui's bloodline to this day mainly depends on two key figures. The first is Chen Yuanyuan . If she had no presence, Wu Yingqi would definitely not be able to do this.
The second is General Ma Bao . He participated in the planning of this matter, but did not choose to hide with Chen Yuanyuan because of his special status in Wu Sangui Group. If he lost his trace together, it would definitely not be able to reassure Kangxi, which might cause endless pursuit and increase difficulties for Chen Yuanyuan's concealment.
Therefore, General Ma Bao took the initiative to surrender and was executed by the Qing Dynasty. Knowing that they were bound to die, they took the initiative to surrender. This was a cover-up for Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Yingqi, and reduced a great risk for their success in the future.
The fact that all the residents of Majiazhai have surnamed Wu was actually noticed in the late 1960s and early 1980s, but it did not attract attention.It was not until 2010 that Li Zhiting, the author of "The Great Biography of Wu Sangui", and other experts were invited to Majiazhai for investigation, which revealed this secret that had been hidden for more than 300 years.
Generally speaking, there are many villages in China where villagers with the same surname live, and they will name the villages with the same surname, such as Wangjiawozhuang, Zhaojiazhuang, Liujiatun , etc. Why is the village where the Wu family lives is not called Wujiazhai, but Majiazhai? In fact, this is a strategy adopted by Chen Yuanyuan to hide the master of Wu. The word "ma" was not taken at will, but to commemorate General "ma Bao".
In addition, the construction of Majiazhai is also quite thoughtful. The entire village uses the Bagua principle to build . The materials used in the fence and the building are in accordance with the same rules and models, so that Majiazhai has the function of "maze" . People who are not familiar with Majia Village will soon get lost after entering the village, and it will not be easy to return even if they want to return the same way. The buildings in the village are all from the Qing Dynasty style. On a Chaoyang hillside not far from Majia Village is the location of the Wu family’s tomb, where the Wu family members have been buried for generations, and Chen Yuanyuan and Ma Bao’s tombs are also included.
Everyone in Majiazhai admitted that they were descendants of Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui had a bad reputation in history, but none of these people denied it. They also called Wu Yingqi the ancestor of the Wu clan of Majiazhai. He also affectionately called Chen Yuanyuan Old Woman Chen and respected and grateful to her.
After Chen Yuanyuan’s tomb was destroyed, the Wu clan members were very angry and repaired and renovated her tomb three times. They all said that if Chen Yuanyuan had not been to Chen Yuanyuan, there would not have been a member of the Wu clan of their lineage, and their gratitude for her was beyond words.
There is a stone tablet in front of Chen Yuanyuan's tomb, which says: "The tomb seat of the former mother, Nie's family in Wumen" , and the two sides are engraved:
"The filial man Wu Qihua and his wife Tu's wife; filial grandson Shijie, Shilong, and his grandson Yang;
Great-grandson Dajing and Dachun; filial grandson Wu Chaoda, Xuan, Kui, Zheng, Xi, Zhu, Xiang, and Yi."
On the far right side of the stone tablet, there is also the time when the erected monument was engraved: "The sixth year of the Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the auspicious day of the middle winter of Wushen" . Everything is clear about the time and characters. Only the "Nie" written on the inscription is quite puzzling. Shouldn't it be " Chen's "? In fact, this is also for the sake of concealment that the "Nie" is made public.
In order to inherit the history of this lineage, Majiazhai did not dare to form written words, and specially set up a kind of "secret successor" , which was passed down from generation to generation to avoid being discovered by the Qing court. Until the time of the experts' investigation, had been passed down to the tenth generation.
The tenth generation of secret descendants explained the hidden meaning of the inscription, saying that "Xianma" means the old ancestor; "Wumen" is the nickname of ancient Suzhou , and Chen Yuanyuan is from Suzhou; "Nie" implies Chen Yuanyuan. Before Chen Yuanyuan was 6 years old, she was not Chen's surname, but Xing. It was not until she was 6 years old that her parents died and she was adopted by her uncle. She changed her surname to Chen. First, "Xing" and "Chen" both have "ears", and second, she has two surnames in her life, so she secretly replaced Chen Yuanyuan with the surname "Nie".
"The filial man Wu Qihua and his wife Tu Shili" refers to Wu Yingqi. Judging from the inscription, he and Chen Yuanyuan are called mother and son, while his wife Tu Shili is his name.
Through multiple investigations of inscriptions and tombs, experts confirmed the statement of the secret successor and determined that the Wu family in Majiazhai lived was a descendant of Wu Sangui.
What makes the experts most happy is that during their inspection, they also discovered Wu Sangui's tomb in Majiazhai. With the emergence of Wu Sangui's tomb, many secrets that have been hidden for more than 300 years have been unveiled, which is an important discovery worth celebrating. Today, Wu Sangui's descendants have more than 200 households in Majiazhai, with a population of up to thousands.
The Qing Dynasty had perished, and the descendants of Wu Sangui who had lived in seclusion for more than 300 years no longer had to be careful to survive.Chen Yuanyuan also proved herself with this that she is not a "vase" with only beautiful colors, but rather a very wise woman . She used her wisdom to preserve her bloodline for her husband Wu Sangui, and is the benefactor of the Wu family.
Although General Ma Bao has limited military capabilities, he is also a person loyal to Wu Sangui and the Wu family, and used his own death to exchange for the vitality of the Wu family.
Wu Yingqi is a very lucky person. Although he was excluded from the house by Zhang in his early years and lost his noble status, he also avoided the fate of becoming as tragic as Wu Yingxiong. Although he was not capable, was arrogant and could not bear the heavy responsibility, and failed to take over the foundation of Wu Sangui, he met a noble man like Chen Yuanyuan and took him to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests, and was able to end up with a good end. Isn’t this a kind of luck?
No matter what kind of comments Wu Sangui has in history, those things have passed, and the Wu family should not continue to bear the infamous reputation because of this. wishes them to live happily in Majiazhai, reproduce and reproduce , and pass on the legendary experience of the Wu family rescued forever.
Reference materials:
"Draft of Qing History", "Kunming County Chronicles", "Dian Gusou Lu"
" Gu Jing ", "The Record of Wu Ni" and "Ping Wu Lu"
"Wu Sangui Chen Yuanyuan"
