History is speechless, but it also tells the past all the time. To lift the scars of history is not to repeat the pain. Instead, learn from history to understand gains and losses. The greatest charm of history is to face the me of tomorrow, and not make yesterday's mistakes.
A cadre who grew up from the Red Army period, a former secretary of Mao Zedong, a person who has made military achievements but has not been awarded the title, and a person who has been in charge of Sichuan for a long time, but later has a lot of controversy. He is Li Jingquan. Today we will enter his life together.
Li Jingquan was born in 1909 in a farmer's home in Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province. In addition to his sister, he is the eldest of five children. Therefore, he is indispensable for the family's tiring and heavy work. From sowing to harvesting, Li Jingquan is the main labor force. Even so, his family did not relax his education. His father was a relatively rare intellectual in his hometown and attached great importance to his children's education. In addition to working, he asked Li Jingquan to read " Four Books and Five Classics ". If he was older, he would go to the city to go to a foreign school.
In 1924, 15-year-old Li Jingquan went to Jiangxi No. 3 Normal School to study, and was later infected by the lively New Culture Movement at that time. The person who taught Li Jingquan Mandarin was a young teacher named Zhang Dichang. This young man who participated in the May Fourth Patriotic Movement constantly instills and spreads new revolutionary ideas into his students.
Ze Dichang secretly gave progressive books such as "Weekly Comments" and "New Youth" to the students. In order to keep it confidential, Li Jingquan discussed with Shu Tong, who later served as the director of the Political Department of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Military Region of the Eighth Route Army, and established a "reading club". On the surface, it was to discuss homework and exchange and learn, but in fact, it was more important to study and discuss Marxism and how to do a good job in the Chinese revolution.
Li Jingquan, a small boat, swam in the tide of new ideas, and his accumulated cultural level was well developed. He not only worked hard in his studies and achieved good grades, but also continued to write progressive articles. He also actively participated in various revolutionary movements. In the spring of 1927, he joined the Communist Youth League under the introduction of his teacher Zhang Dichang, and since then he truly embarked on the road of revolution. The young teacher Zhang Dichang has also become an important guide for him.
1927, after Sun Yat-sen's death, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was heading for a split end. Chiang Kai-shek and others brazenly launched a counter-revolutionary coup. For a time, white terror enveloped the revolutionary land, and the Chinese revolution reached a critical moment of life and death. Like many young revolutionaries who sacrificed their lives, Li Jingquan led a picket team of hundreds of people and a peasant uprising army to join the Nanchang Uprising army led by Zhu De and Ye Ting.
Later, Zhu De sent Li Jingquan to the 25th Division of the Fourth Army to be a political propagandist, went deep into the front line in artillery fire, spread revolutionary ideas among the soldiers, and with his propaganda and encouragement, the morale of the soldiers was greatly boosted. Later, when the troops went south, Li Jingquan went deep into the countryside to mobilize the backbone of the peasant association, persuaded them to join the war and support the uprising army. In September, after the battle at Sanheba, Li Jingquan stayed in Guangdong and other places to continue to insist on local activities. Under very difficult conditions, he fought unremittingly, reflecting the unyielding and tenacious character of a revolutionary.
1930, when Li Jingquan was delivering a letter to the Central Soviet Area, Mao Zedong found that this young man was very smart and capable. After the conversation, Mao Zedong asked Li Jingquan to stay and be his office secretary-general for a year. During this year, Mao Zedong's ideological understanding and work style deeply influenced Li Jingquan. Mao Zedong told him: "You are very young, capable, have a good education, and are very suitable for political work. I hope you can read more revolutionary books in the future and spread revolutionary knowledge to the poor people when working at the grassroots level."
From the back, Li Jingquan did this, and did a good job. At the end of this year, Li Jingquan officially became a Communist Party member.
Later, because Mao Zedong said that Li Jingquan was the right candidate for political work, he focused on cultivating him, and then Li Jingquan also served as the first-level political commissar of the division. It would be very hard to imagine that if you don’t have a considerable level and ability when you hold such a position.
In the counterattack against Chiang Kai-shek's third "encirclement and suppression" in the Soviet area, Li Jingquan was promoted to political commissar of the Red 35th Army. In the fourth anti-encirclement and suppression of operations in , according to Mao Zedong's tactics, Li Jingquan won the battles of climbing the fairy bridge , Dongpo and other battles. Later, Li Jingquan participated in the 25,000-mile Long March . He worked in the First, Fourth and Second Front Army, and was one of the few cadres who could hold important positions in all the three main Red Army.
In the early days of Long March , Li Jingquan was responsible for providing food supply and other guarantees to the central column. Li Jingquan made full use of relevant policies and did not kill and fight landlords indiscriminately, eliminating the rumors that the Kuomintang slandered the Red Army as only robbery, and safeguarded the image of the Red Army's Justice Division.
In 1935, because of his good at doing political work, Li Jingquan was transferred to the Red Fourth Front Army as a political assistant after the Red Fourth Front Army met with the Red Fourth Front Army . Then the troops formed the left and right armies and continued to advance. In late August, after successfully annihilated more than 35,000 Hu Zongnan, the southern gate to Gansu opened, but the left armies had an accident.
99 In September, Zhang Guotao found an excuse to command the troops to move south, and informed Chen Changhao and Xu Xiangqian, so that the right army would also go south. The Central Committee informed Zhang Guotao that it would be unfavorable if it did not go north. Zhang Guotao didn't care about this, and ordered the soldiers of the Red Fourth Front Army from the right side to go south.
Zhang Guotao said at the meeting that Maoerbiao meeting is wrong, it is not possible to go north, it should go south and should develop in Sichuan. It also made the Red Army Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Chief of Staff Liu Bocheng express their views. Both of them said that going north is beneficial, and going south is inappropriate, and it is difficult to achieve victory. Because he is from Jiangxi with Li Jingquan, Zhang Guotao wanted to win over Li Jingquan. Li Jingquan said that Commander-in-Chief Zhu has already expressed his opinion, and he must have a higher position than me, and I agree with them! Zhang Guotao was disappointed and was very angry. In anger, he surrendered Li Jingquan to the Red Army University of the Fourth Front Army as a teacher.
Then, Zhang Guotao led his troops south to establish a base in Sichuan. Although it hit the Kuomintang government, it also seriously consumed his own troops. In the crisis, Li Jingquan firmly resisted the wrong line and at the same time persuaded and educated the majority of students. Then Zhang Guotao, who was desperate, was forced to agree to go north and meet with the Central Red Army in . Regarding Li Jingquan during the Long March, the Party Central Committee commented: "During the Long March, Li Jingquan worked in the First, Fourth and Second Front Army, and passed through grasslands twice. After hardships, he always maintained the unity and unity of the Party Central Committee represented by Mao Zedong."
During the Anti-Japanese War, Li Jingquan was transferred to the 120th Division led by He Long, and served as the deputy brigade commander of the 358th Brigade, and later became the political commissar. Then Li Jingquan continued to cooperate with the Kuomintang troops to harass and attack the Japanese army. Because Pingsui Railway passes from the south side of Daqingshan , it is an important transportation hub for the Japanese army and its geographical location is very important.
In 1938, Mao Zedong called He Long, asking him to consider establishing a guerrilla base in Daqingshan, and emphasized that it is necessary to choose capable people to serve as the leader, which requires both politics and military affairs, and those who can endure hardships and are determined. There is no doubt that Li Jingquan meets these conditions. Later, a Daqingshan Detachment with more than 2,000 people was organized and established, and Li Jingquan was appointed as the commander and political commissar of the detachment.
On the sparsely populated and undulating mountains, the Japanese and puppet troops had cars and cavalry units, and they were mobilized quickly. Under the instructions of the central government to build cavalry, Li Jingquan led his troops to eliminate a large number of puppet troops and bandits, seized many horses from them, and also raised funds from the landlords and enlightened gentlemen to solve the horse problem, and formed a large-scale Daqingshan Cavalry Detachment . Regarding the long-term bandit problem, Li Jingquan has not only eliminated the bandit crisis, but also stabilized the social order after months of precise deployment.
Daqingshan area has Mongolian , Han , Hui , etc. Li Jingquan knew that in a land where multi-ethnic living was very meaningful to dealing with ethnic relations, so he went to the ethnic minority gathering area to tell everyone the united ethnic policy, and fully respect the customs and religious beliefs of ethnic minorities, and use great patience to do ethnic minorities work, unite the vast majority of them on the united front of the Anti-Japanese War. During the year we arrived in Daqingshan, the detachment carried out hundreds of battles of all sizes and sizes, smashed the enemy's multiple sweeps, wiped out thousands of Japanese troops, and successfully drove the enemy out of Daqingshan.
After relatively stable in Daqingshan area, Li Jingquan returned to Northwest Shanxi . Later, in 1942, he was transferred to the Jinsui Joint Defense Forces Command and became He Long's powerful helper. While persisting in the War of Resistance, Li Jingquan actively developed the economic development of the Jinsui region. While expanding agricultural personnel, it reduced the tax burden of farmers, which was unanimously recognized by the local people. Later, when talking about his achievements in the Jinsui area at that time, Li Jingquan always said modestly: "To talk about achievements, we must first talk about President He. I am just a singing Li He!"
Because of his long-term military affair, Li Jingquan has no time to deal with personal problems. It was not until 1941 that Li Jingquan and Xiao Li, a talented woman from an enlightened gentleman family, got married. They were both intellectuals who participated in the revolution in their youth. They had 8 children in total, and 5 children's names were related to Mao Zedong's articles or speeches, which shows Li Jingquan's love for Mao Zedong.
Among the 8 children in Li Jingquan, the third, fifth and eighth brothers were given to comrades with the surname Sun, Shen and Zhang. In this way, the eight children of the Li family actually had four surnames. Li Jingquan once laughed and said that the three children he gave to his comrades were commemorating his experience of working in the 358th Brigade.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Li Jingquan became the first secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee. Because it was stipulated that those who left the army would no longer be awarded military ranks, and in his life he mainly focused on political work, Li Jingquan was not awarded military ranks in 1955.
Sichuan has been a "country of heaven" that everyone envies for a long time, but during the Great Leap Forward period, during the three major natural disasters from 1959 to 1961, China encountered severe food shortages. At the end of May 1960, several major cities called the police, with only 4 days of stocking grain in Beijing and Tianjin, and only 2 days of stocking grain in Shanghai. At the grain raising meeting with the heads of various provinces, Premier Zhou rarely said with a tough attitude: Whoever does not follow the task today will continue to hold the meeting, and I will accompany you to reflect on it here. If there is no food in Beijing and Shanghai, the consequences will be unimaginable. Taking into account the international influence, the central government decided that Sichuan, Northeast China and other regions must submit the prescribed amount of grain on schedule.
Shanghai phone urged every day, and Deng Xiaoping also told Li Jingquan that the country's difficulties are the only ones who sacrificed their lives in Sichuan. In the end, Li Jingquan decided to obey the overall situation and transport food. In those three years, Sichuan transferred a total of 14.7 billion jin of grain, solving the food crisis in Beijing, Shanghai and other places. However, the people of Sichuan also paid a huge price.
No criticism of his mistakes is too much. But these criticisms should not be held responsible for his power and his powerless aspects. It is said that a big river has water and a small river flows, but in fact, those with a little knowledge of geography know that a small river has water and a big river flows, while a small river has no water and a big river light.
At the 1962 7,000-person conference , Li Jingquan made two reviews, but did not talk about the central government's affairs, and wanted to take on all the problems by himself. Later, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping said that the issue of transferring grain was decided by the central government, not the fault of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, but the responsibility lies with the central government.
Dust returns to dust, and soil returns to soil. Instead of pursuing the responsibility of the past, it is better for later people to remember this mistake and embark on the road ahead with a down-to-earth pace, seeking steady development in facts.
