pic | Chen Songnian's later years
preface
In the spring of 1953, Chen Songnian met a noble man who changed his life. He always remembered that at a difficult time in his family, Mao Zedong ordered his family to subsidize 30 yuan in living expenses every month. When received this money for the first time, he was mixed with emotion and bowed deeply three times in front of the statue of Mao Zedong hanging in the office.
Chen Duxiu has made contributions to this person
In the spring of 1953, Mao Zedong took the Navy "Yangtze River" ship from Hankou and began an inspection of the provinces and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River . At around 9 pm on February 20, the warship finally docked at the Anqing River Wharf, and then the entourage immediately landed and found Fu Dazhang, secretary of the Anqing Prefectural Committee of the Central Committee, and told him : "There is a central leader who wants to see you." : "There is a central leader who wants to see you." l6
Hearing this news, Fu Dazhang asked hurriedly: "Who is the leader?" He knew who it was, and he was ready, but the person who came to pass the message obviously did not want to reveal too much information, but just said: "You will know when you get on the warship."
Fu Dazhang did not delay any more, and quickly followed the visitor to the deck of the warship and walked into the cabin step by step. When he stepped into the cabin, his eyes suddenly lit up: "Ah, Chairman Mao!" On the way he came, he had thought of many answers, but he did not guess Chairman Mao.
pic | Fu Dazhang Youth
Mao Zedong stepped forward to shake hands with him. Seeing this, Fu Dazhang stretched out his hands and held them tightly with him, and burst into tears in his eyes excitedly. He saw Chairman Mao.
Mao Zedong immediately asked him to sit down and handed him a cigarette. Obviously, this was the situation of talking about the matter.
Mao Zedong directly opened the way and asked : " Anqing is Chen Duxiu's hometown. Who are there in his family now?" Fu Dazhang directly answered: "He has a third son named Chen Songnian. He now works in the Anqing Kiln Factory and receives a monthly living expense of about 20 yuan. His family has a large population and life is a bit difficult."
Mao Zedong listened and was silent for a while. Is this actually the case? Then, he said seriously: "Chen Duxiu has made contributions. He was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement, and we were students of their generation. Chen Duxiu's descendants had difficulties in their lives, so can they take care of them." The topic of
brought up a chat with two people. Focusing on the red revolutionary activities in the early days of the founding of the Party, Mao Zedong talked with Fu Dazhang enthusiastically about it at around 11 o'clock in the night.
pic|Leader Mao Zedong
The next morning, Mao Zedong left Anqing and continued to set out in the established direction. He left on the "Yangtze River" ship and sailed towards Nanjing by wind and waves.
Although Mao Zedong left, Fu Dazhang was completely sad. He knew that this was the trust given to him by Mao Zedong, so he immediately made a study decision: will be subsidized by the United Front Work Department of the Municipal Party Committee to Chen Songnian's family for 30 yuan of living expenses every month.
Chen Songnian was completely grateful for this decision. When he received the subsidy for the first time, he was mixed with emotion and excited. Facing the statue of Chairman Mao hanging in the office, he bowed deeply three times. He said: "This is not just a matter of money, it mainly gives our family honor and status politically." For a long time after
, he also said: "This money has really helped our family solve great difficulties. Three of the four children went to college, and they really lost the money support. I have not made any contribution to the country, and I am ashamed of it."
My father was arrested and imprisoned five times in his life
So, why did Chen Songnian live such a difficult life?
Picture | Chen Songnian (second from left)
When Chen Songnian was born, it was an era of chaos. When he was born, his father Chen Duxiu had been running for the revolution and was wanted by the authorities many times. He was forced to leave Anqing and wander around. Due to various reasons, the connection between them was also interrupted.
When Chen Songnen was three years old, the authorities could not catch Chen Duxiu, and then focused on his family. At that time, Ma Lianjia, the commander of Anqing, led his troops to search the Chen family, claiming that he would arrest Chen Duxiu's son to eradicate the roots.
After hearing the news, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian quickly took their younger brother over the wall and ran away without saying a word. At that time, Chen Songnian was young. When he climbed over the wall, he fell into the bathtub of his neighbor's house inadvertently.
Usually, the Chen family has a good relationship with their neighbors, so the neighbors did not report them, but took a shower for Chen Songnian, which cleverly escaped this disaster.
When it comes to his father, Chen Songnian will inevitably think of the experience of his father being arrested and imprisoned five times in his life: the first time was in August 1913. Chen Duxiu was wanted to flee to Wuhu for participating in the "second revolution" against Yuan Shikai , and was arrested by the local garrison Gong Zhenpeng unit. He was rescued and released by well-known figures Liu Shuya and others.
pic | Chen Duxiu Youth
The second time was in June after the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement in 1919. Chen Duxiu, then editor-in-chief of " New Youth ", was arrested by reactionary authorities when he threw the flyer of the "Beijing Citizen Declaration" he had personally drafted on the roof of the "New World" amusement park outside the front door of Beijing's Qianmen. Under strong public pressure, he was detained for more than three months before being released.
The third time was in September 1921. After Chen Duxiu was elected as the first general secretary of the Communist Party of China, he went to Shanghai to preside over the daily work of the Party Central Committee and lived in the area of the French Concession. He was soon arrested by the French Concession Police Station. After multiple rescues from Communist International representing Marin and the Communist Party of China, he regained his freedom after more than 20 days of prison. Less than 10 months after being released, he was arrested by the French Concession Police Station, and sentenced Chen Duxiu to fined 400 yuan, destroy banned books, and allow him to be protected. This time, due to the large-scale rescue activities of the party organization, he walked out of prison again after being detained for 9 days. After
"87 Conference ", Chen Duxiu no longer held a leadership position within the party. However, at this time, the Kuomintang reactionaries were still unwilling to let him go, and for this, they even spent a lot of money and offered a reward of 30,000 yuan to arrest him.
On October 15, 1932, Chen Duxiu, who was incognito, actually suffered from gastric ulcer , appendicitis and other diseases. At this time, he was a little overwhelmed and was arrested by the authorities on his sickbed in Shanghai.
pic | Stills from "Awakening Era"
Korean Party's Central Daily News was quite able to do this, and boasted that it had arrested the "communist leader who has not been seized for a long time" and was detained in Nanjing Tiger Bridge Jiangsu No. 1 Prison.
Later, when Chen Songnian had the opportunity to visit prison, he couldn't help but shed tears when he saw his father wearing torn clothes and unshaven beard.
Chen Duxiu couldn't stand his son's crying look, so he said to his son toughly, "A man doesn't cry easily. Tears are a sign of no future. Men must withstand setbacks!" This is Chen Duxiu's fifth time in jail, but the father and son almost cannot recognize each other when they meet.
Before the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held and the Communist Party of China was officially established, Chen Duxiu was also the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Academic Affairs Committee. However, after the founding of the Communist Party of China, he resolutely resigned and chose to go to Shanghai to preside over the revolutionary work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
It can be said that Chen Duxiu has made considerable contributions:
From formulating a counter-revolutionary program, to carrying out the Great Revolutionary Movement, to Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the workers' armed uprising.
pic | Chen Duxiu's rare photo
Unfortunately, the world has always been perfect. On the eve of the failure of the National Revolution, Chen Duxiu was forced to leave the Communist Party because of a disagreement with the Communist International.
After that, he was too pessimistic about the revolutionary situation and formed an idea of opposing armed uprisings, so he eventually drifted away from the Communist Party of China.
until the later period, because his thoughts and propositions were completely separated from China's actual national conditions, he eventually became a non-partisan.
Mao Zedong gave a direct evaluation of Chen Duxiu's issue and highly affirmed his contributions.
The beautiful talk of "Three Members of the Family"
There have always been beautiful talks of "Three Members of the Family" within the party, and this refers to the three Chen Jiafuzi: Chen Duxiu, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian.
At the same Party Congress , Chen Duxiu was elected as General Secretary, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian were elected as members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and members of the Central Committee respectively, which is unique in the history of the Communist Party of China.
pic | Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian
The TV series "Awakening Age" before let us know the brothers Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian.
brother Chen Yannian successively admitted to Shanghai French School and Fudan University to study law, and then went to France to work and study in 1919. It can be said that if he chose a plain life, with his bright resume, he could have achieved great success in a good place, but he did not do so. In his heart, the national justice will always be higher than everything else.
At the beginning, Chen Yannian performed anarchism. Later, based on what he saw and heard, and was influenced by his father, he finally embarked on the path of communist revolution.
He first founded the Youth Communist Party of China with Premier Zhou, Zhao Shiyan and other comrades, and then returned to China to become a formal member of the Communist Party recognized by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
After the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chen Yannian became the secretary of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In March 1926, Chiang Kai-shek promoted the occurrence of the " Zhongshan Ship Incident " and began to attack the Communists on a large scale. Faced with such a situation, Chen Yannian, Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao all advocated armed confrontation, but Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao and others tried their best to stop it, so the two sides gradually had differences.
pic | Chen Yannian Youth
. Regarding his father's three right-wing slippers, which even directly led to the failure of the National Revolution, Chen Yannian ignored the fact that the other party was his father, but pointed out his mistakes directly.
Chen Yannian is a very responsible person. Under the terror of white, he fought against the counter-revolutionary forces regardless of the danger of his life, and continued to gather the comrades who were disbanded at the time.
Unfortunately, during this process, Chen Yannian was unfortunately arrested, and Chen Yannian's name was very resounding. Whether it was the title of Chen Duxiu's son or the early revolutionary pioneers of our party, the Kuomintang was unaware of him, and they firmly believed that Chen Yannian must have known a lot of news.
For this reason, the enemy tortured him with the purpose of obtaining more news from the Shanghai Party organization from him. However, in the face of such a situation, Chen Yannian did not surrender. Seeing that the Kuomintang could not pry out the news from him, he directly ordered him to be executed.
pic | "Awakening Era" Stills of Chen Yannian
No matter how many years have passed, everyone can still remember Chen Yannian's powerful words: "Revolutionaries are open-minded and ready to die. They can only die while standing and never kneel down!"
Like their brother, their younger brother Chen Qiaonian also has similar revolutionary experiences, studied all the way, and participated in the founding of the Chinese Youth Communist Party. The difference is that he later chose to go to the Soviet Union to continue his studies. After returning to China, he even worked in Beijing.
However, even so, there is no way for people to ignore the shining points on him.
In 1926, the Northern District Committee headed by Chen Qiaonian led tens of thousands of people to condemn the crimes of the Eight Kingdoms and demonstrations against Duan Qirui. In the face of such a massive condemnation, the enemy could not let him go, so he started to take action. However, even though he was stabbed by the enemy with a knife in the chest and was seriously injured, Chen Qiaonian still insisted on completing the evacuation of the masses. After the failure of the Great Revolution , Chen Qiaonian stood on the opposite side of his father like his brother.
pic | Chen Yannian, stills of Chen Qiaonian
11928, the Kuomintang reactionaries destroyed the organs of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. A large number of comrades, including Chen Qiaonian, were unfortunately arrested and imprisoned. Similarly, Chen Qiaonian also suffered all kinds of torture in prison, but, in the same way, he did not reveal the secrets of our party.
More than a year later, Chen Qiaonian's words still lingered in everyone's ears: "Let's hand over the happiness that has been exchanged for through obstacles to our descendants to enjoy!"
Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian brothers paved a way with their blood, and fortunately lived up to their responsibilities.
Carrying the whole family with one force
Compared with the two brothers, Chen Songnian may not be that dazzling, but in the end he carried the whole family with his own strength.
When Chen Songnian was 17 years old, his elder brother Yannian was killed in Shanghai. The bad news came, which was a bolt from the blue for their family.
pic | Chen Qiaonian's stills
After learning the news, my grandmother and mother both cried so hard that they fainted. At this time, Songnian and his sister Yuying took care of their brother Yannian's funeral. When they came to Shanghai, the Kuomintang authorities not only refused to let them collect the bodies, but they didn't even let them look at his brother.
Finally, the two of them had to burn a few sticks of incense and a little paper at the place where their brother died, and cried bitterly. They are just ordinary people, and they can only do this.
After the death of his elder brother, Chen Songnian was also in a daze at home, praying every day that his second brother could be safe. He knew that the second brother was as dangerous as he did, and he knew that there was no way to stop him, so he could only pray silently every day.
However, the weather is not good. The next year, his second brother Qiao Nian was also persecuted in Shanghai, and his funeral was handled by Song Nian and his sister Yu Ying. At that time, the National Government still refused to collect corpses.
However, When the two of them saw Qiao Nian lying in a pool of blood, the pain in their hearts was hard to describe in words. They could not accept that such a living person left them, let alone in such a tragic way.
pic | Stills from "Awakening Era"
Sister Yuying was severely stimulated, mentally ill, and couldn't afford to get sick. Soon after, she also left with her second brother. Chen Songnian's sister was only 28 years old when she died, and she was still in great age, but she was always at the age of 28.
When Chen Songnian was 28 years old, when the Japanese invaders were about to occupy Anqing, he brought in several small boats and moved all his family's property to the countryside, hiding it in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall. After doing all this, he was about to find his father Chen Duxiu.
, but in the end, the property in the ancestral hall was looted by the Japanese, leaving only a few lonely furniture and still telling the fact that things were placed here.
cannot tolerate them being sad about spring and autumn. Chen Songnian and his wife quickly took their grandmother and their first-year-old eldest daughter from Anqing to Wuhan by boat. Then they met their newly released father Chen Duxiu and stepmother, and went all the way along the river and finally arrived in Jiangjin, Chongqing.
After their family arrived in Jiangjin, their lives were not easy. They were once struggling, so their whole family survived by their meager salary for teaching at Deganba No. 9 Middle School on the other side of Jiangjin.
However, Chen Songnian did not complain about hardship and fatigue, but tried his best to serve his grandmother and accompany his father to spend his old age.
In Jiangjin, Chen Songnian's grandmother Xie passed away. Soon, his father Chen Duxiu died in Jiangjin again in 1942.
Due to the war, Chen Songnian had to temporarily bury the two old men there. It was not until 1947 that Chen Songnian dared to ask for help everywhere, and asked a kind-hearted timber dealer in Fujian to pack the coffins of his grandmother and father in wooden rafts and transport them down the river to Anqing.
However, when moving his father's coffin, Songnian was afraid that the Kuomintang would make trouble after seeing the three words "Chen Duxiu". He thought hard for a long time and finally decided to write the name "Chen Qiansheng" he used in the imperial examination on his father's coffin, and then buried him in the deep forest near Jixian Pass.
Before liberation, Chen Songnian had suffered enough. After liberation, he encountered many difficulties due to various reasons. Chen Songnian had almost become a capable person for work. He had worked as an accountant, taught, and worked as a worker and technician in a kiln factory.
pic | Chen Duxiu's Tomb
Faced with the difficulties at home, his wife Dou Hengguang gave birth to a man and three women with him. However, although the couple had worked hard enough, their lives still did not improve much.
The eldest daughter Chen Changwei and the second daughter Chen Changyu were very considerate of their parents after high school. They knew their hard work. After discussing, they proposed not to go to college and work, and then worked hard to improve the conditions at home.
Faced with the decision of his two daughters, Chen Songnian and his wife's first reaction was to refuse. They firmly demanded that their children go to college, thereby maintaining the family tradition of the Chen family for generations.
The wife said seriously to her two daughters: "I just tighten my belt, and I will support you in college without food or clothing."
She did what she said. In order to go to college for her children, she herself went out of the house to carry soil, build railways, paste match boxes, and also took on the burden of housework.
However, Dou's death still caused a significant blow to the family, and life in the Chen family became even more difficult.
Picture | Chen Songnian's wife Dou Hengguang took a photo with her children, Chen Changwei (top left), Changqi (bottom left) and Changpu (bottom right)
So, Mao Zedong's appearance solved the urgent problem for their family. Not only did he give him living subsidies, Chen Songnian was also arranged to work in the kiln until the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chen Songnian was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Anqing Municipal CPPCC, a librarian of the Anqing Municipal Museum of Culture and History, and an Anhui Provincial Museum of Culture and History.
Chen Songnian has always kept a photo frame, which is inlaid with the "Glorious Commemorative Certificate of the Family of a Revolutionary Sacrifice of the Military Personnel". It was issued by the Central People's Government in January 1954. It reads: "Check Comrades Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian have sacrificed gloriously in the revolutionary struggle, and have great achievements. Their family should be respected by society..." The signature is printed in handwritten "Mao Zedong" and is stamped with the "Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China".
Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian will be remembered forever.
