On October 14, 1969, in order to protect the safety of the old revolutionary comrades in Beijing, Chairman Mao and other leaders decided to evacuate all of them in the next week to other places in the next week. In addition, their relatives and family members were also evacuated one after another, and Beijing City entered a very high alert state.
What happened this year? Why did Chairman Mao instruct the military region leaders to leave Beijing immediately to prepare for combat? This starts with the deterioration of relations between our country and the Soviet Union.
Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated
Red Army was established step by step with the help of international communists. It can even be said that the Communist Party of China also grew up step by step with the instructions of the Soviet Union.
Originally, the Soviet Union and the New China had a life-long friendship. Our leaders have always respected the Soviet Union very much. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, many things were learned from the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Stalin , the Soviet Union also helped our country in many aspects to build. But later Stalin fell into dictatorship in his later years, and the implementation of some policies seriously ignored the wishes of our leaders.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, led by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, has always adhered to the attitude of "making friends" with the Soviet Union, but the Soviet Union always wanted to "become the big brother of communism". In many aspects, they talked to our country as the "big brother", which aroused our country's disgust.
Later, with Stalin's successor Khrushchev taking office, the relationship between the two countries became even worse. In the late 1950s, Chairman Mao decided to create the atomic bomb , and the Soviet Union repeatedly blocked it.
At the beginning, the Soviet Union expressed support, and many domestic construction projects were guided by Soviet consultants, but the Soviet Union was very dissatisfied with our country's "willing to do atoms alone", and Khrushchev even shook his face. In the end, various cooperation between the two countries declared bankruptcy.
The Soviet Union withdrew talents and technology from our country, and even asked our country to pay off the loan as soon as possible. At this point, Chairman Mao knew that this revolutionary friendship could no longer be restored.
After that, the Zhenbao Island incident and the Xinjiang Tielekti incident broke out between the two countries. Both of these two incidents mean that the two socialist countries, China and the Soviet Union, have reached a tense point.
Zhenbao Island is an island in Heilongjiang Province, but this island is located on the dividing line between my country and the Soviet Union and my country. Since ancient times, this island has been our territory. However, the Soviet Union claimed that Zhenbao Island was their territory in 1968. They sent a large number of troops on the border of the Ussuri River , and then ordered soldiers to board Zhenbao Island and harass or even beat our border guards.
Our country has been tolerant of it again and again, but the Soviet Union has made great progress. In February 1969, the Soviet border guards fired at the direction of our border guards with submachine gun . The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China no longer tolerated it. In March of that year, the border guards of China and the Soviet Union broke out on Zhenbao Island.
Our country's border guards resolutely defended the national territory regardless of their own safety. In the end, we won this self-defense counterattack. After the outbreak of the Zhenbao Island incident, the Soviet military leaders reacted very strongly. They found it difficult to accept the fact that they were defeated and shouted at the military meeting: "We must eliminate the Chinese threat once and for all" .
Emergency evacuation of personnel in Beijing
In order to retaliate against our country, the Soviet Union mobilized more than 300 fully armed soldiers to raid the Tielekti area of Xinjiang, our country. Because it is located in a remote area and inconvenient transportation, only 30 soldiers were stationed in the local area. Faced with the sudden attack, the border guards fought bravely, but in the end they were outnumbered and all died heroically.
Xinjiang Military Region decided to fight back at the instruction of the Central Military Commission. After several large-scale border military conflicts, Sino-Soviet relations have deteriorated to the extreme. The Soviet Union completely erased the last friendship and began to send a large number of troops to the Sino-Soviet border. The border guards increased from 700,000 to 1.14 million. After
, the Soviet Union held large-scale military exercises on the border to show off its strong military strength to our country.
American media published an article for this purpose, which stated that the United States has prepared nuclear warhead with millions of tons of equivalents, preparing to launch nuclear strikes on my country's nuclear test bases and several major industrial bases - Beijing, Shenyang, Changchun and other places.
As soon as this news came out, it immediately caused an uproar around the world. Chairman Mao and other central leaders attached great importance to this news and had conducted in-depth research on this matter.
After Premier Zhou finished his report to Chairman Mao, Chairman Mao waved his hand and said, "Isn't it just to fight a nuclear war? We were not afraid before, and we are even less afraid now!" The war between
is about to break out. After research by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao ordered: leaders in the Beijing Military Region immediately left Beijing and returned to the theater for combat preparations. Subsequently, the personnel in Beijing were also evacuated on a large scale.
So, who were the people in Beijing at that time? How did the matter turn out?
evacuation work and final results
1 October was the period of China's National Day, and 1969 was an important day on the 20th anniversary of the founding of my country. Therefore, many national leaders and military leaders gathered in Beijing at that time.
In order to prevent the Soviet Union from launching a strike against Beijing at this critical moment, Chairman Mao ordered the leaders of the military region to return to the military region to prepare for combat. By the early morning of October 1, the navy, army and air forces of the three major military regions of North China, Northeast China and Northwest had already prepared for combat.
On October 14, Chairman Mao made another decision to evacuate Beijing by old revolutionaries in Beijing.
Then, Chairman Mao went to Wuhan. On the 17th, Premier Zhou notified other leaders in Beijing to make a decision to evacuate the war, and leaders such as Xu Xiangqi and Liu Shaoqi also arrived at Kaifeng .
Chen Yi Because he had processed a lot of files, he stayed until the 21st to leave Beijing after receiving Premier Zhou's permission. By this day, all leaders had left Beijing.
Chairman Mao asked these leaders to move to a place close to the railway station . He said: "If the battle starts, it is more convenient to find it, and you can come back to command it at that time." Afterwards, Chairman Mao ordered the cities such as Shenyang and Changchun to undergo combat preparations for evacuation.
So, why didn’t this war start? In fact, the United States plays a huge role in it: The Soviet Union deliberately found the United States and stated that if a war against China is fought, the United States must at least remain neutral.
But Nixon feels that if the Soviet Union opened the "Pandora Box" of using nuclear weapons , the whole world will be shrouded in the shadow of nuclear weapons. For this reason, President Nixon said: "If we fight, we must stand on China's side."
The United States' opinion was finally known to the Soviet Union. In addition, the Soviet Union was indeed afraid of China under the leadership of the first generation of leaders, and the Soviet Union eventually gave up the war.
Summary:
Later, under the order of Chairman Mao, the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China returned to their respective positions one after another to continue their work. This war was extinguished with thunder and rain. Fortunately, there was no war, which avoided the sacrifice of the people of both countries, but we must always make our position: we do not like war, but we are not afraid of war!
