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More than 80 years ago, there were two warlords surnamed Ma in the northwest region of my country, known as the Two Horses. Relying on his own arms, he did everything he wanted in the northwest region. Even threatened that the northwest sand had to be surnamed Ma.
These two warlords once wiped out the entire army of the Red Army's Western Route Army, but more than ten years later, Mr. Peng led the army to pay the blood debts and make them disappear forever in the long river of history.
Northwest Two Horses can be said to be the warlords that the entire PLA hates deeply. The Ma family army under their command is not an exaggeration to say that it is the mortal enemy of the PLA and the people.
Compared with the Kuomintang reactionary armed forces under Chiang Kai-shek , the Ma family army entrenched in the northwest can be said to be even more of a thing.
This made the PLA hate the two horses, one called Ma Bufang , and the other called Ma Hongkui .
The origin of the Ma family army was even earlier than that of the Kuomintang army. In the late Qing Dynasty, after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement broke out, the ancestors of the Ma family took advantage of the chaos in the country and took advantage of the troubled waters.
When the Qing government focused on dealing with Taiping Heavenly Kingdom , it was causing trouble in the northwest region. Although Zuo Zongtang also suppressed, it was difficult for a strong dragon to defeat the local snake.
Zuo Zongtang's suppression did not cut off the roots of the Ma family army, but instead allowed them to gradually grow and grow in long-term combat.
After the Xinhai Revolution , warlords across the country began to seize the fruits of revolutionary victory and divide the sphere of influence. Compared with the warlord melee in the eastern and central plains, the Ma family army's dominance in the northwest region was basically unshakable.
And Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui are descendants of the Ma family. After cruel struggle for power and profit, they became the two spokespersons of the Ma family army. One controls Qinghai and the other controls Ningxia.
Ma Hongkui
Relying on his own gun, two horses do everything they want. No matter what the people do, they have to pay taxes. No matter where you go, even in the deserted desert, you have to pay the toll.
Asked the reason, they actually said that everything in the northwest is the surname Ma, even a grain of sand. If you do not pay these harsh and miscellaneous taxes, you can be beaten and scolded and went to jail at the worst, and you can be shot to death at the worst.
The natural conditions were not good, and when they encountered these two disaster stars and warlords, the people in the northwest could hardly live.
After decades of struggle in dire straits, the people in the northwest saw a glimmer of hope. Red Army is here.
In 1936, after the end of the Red Army's Long March, the Red Army, which was located in northern Shaanxi, continued to help outside the world. In order to open up the Soviet Union's aid channels, we have to go from the west.
The important obstacle to this road is the Northwest Two Horses.
Our army has long heard of the infamous reputation of the two horses in the northwest. In order to complete the task smoothly. The Central Committee of the Party specially selected more than 20,000 soldiers with rich combat experience from the elite Red Army after Long March, , that is, West Route Army .
In October 1936, the West Route Army advanced northwest without any advantage in equipment.
Due to his extraordinary combat effectiveness, the Western Route Army quickly occupied several important places in Hexi Corridor . When the local people saw an army coming, they were panicked and panic spread throughout the city.
However, they soon discovered that the simple-dressed Red Army soldiers in front of them were different from the Ma family army. Not only did he not do anything, he also often helped the people in the city to work.
After learning that this army was fighting the second horse, the local people were so happy.
With the support of the people, the Western Route Army won consecutive victories in front. However, as the front gradually deepened, the supply of the Western Route Army gradually could not keep up.
Due to the long-term exploitation of the people of the Northwest, the people cannot produce much extra grain even if they want to support the Red Army.
The Red Army’s strict military discipline means that the Red Army will not take every needle and thread from the masses. The situation of the Western Route Army gradually deteriorated.
11936, the Ma family army launched a surprise attack. Due to the high mobility of the cavalry, the Red Ninth Army, which chose to fight hard, lost more than 30% of its troops, and many senior military division-level leaders died. And this is just the beginning of the Western Route Army’s nightmare.
After the defeat of the Red Ninth Army, the morale of the Western Route Army suffered a major blow. At this time, the Ma family army's encirclement and suppression of the Red Army's supply line also reached a new level.
, and the Ma family army did not stop and even ordered not to accept surrender, intending to kill them all.
By early December 1936, the Red Army had already reduced its personnel by 15,000, and only a few soldiers survived. At this time, the Ma family army surrounded by more than 150,000 people.
By early January 1937, the Western Route Army was once again besieged by the Ma family army, and more than 3,000 soldiers died in this battle.
After more than four months of war, more than 7,000 soldiers from the Western Route Army died, including a large number of military division-level leaders. Nearly five thousand soldiers were missing, and nearly six thousand soldiers were captured.
These captured Red Army soldiers suffered inhuman treatment, male soldiers were abused to death, and after being humiliated, many of them were sold to secret prostitutes.
The failure of the Western Route Army had a huge impact on the Red Army. After all, the more than 20,000 soldiers were the elites of the Red Army at that time.
Although its failure has the joint impact of many reasons such as command and international situation. However, the numerous crimes committed by the Northwest Two Horses against the Red Army soldiers have been remembered by history and the people, and there will always be days to settle accounts with them.
Shortly after the Western Route Army retreated, the full-scale Anti-Japanese War broke out. The grudges with the two horses in the northwest were left to the Liberation War.
1949, when the situation of the Liberation War was in great shape, it was time to settle accounts with the Northwest Two Horses.
At the beginning of this year, the three major battles of were basically over, and the vital forces of the Kuomintang army were basically wiped out. In April of that year, the People's Liberation Army launched the crossing the river battle . Chiang Kai-shek's Qianli River Defense was defeated overnight. Soon after, Nanjing also declared liberation.
While the eastern and central plains are victorious, the Kuomintang’s elite troops are basically nothing left. So Chairman Mao decided to meet his old enemy for a while, the two horses in the northwest.
Considering that the Ma family army under Erma has a certain combat effectiveness. Therefore, Chairman Mao mainly of General Peng's , plus two corpses of Huaye, marched westward from June 1949.
Not only did General Peng know the story of the Western Route Army back then, but many PLA soldiers also learned about this history before setting off.
Therefore, this march to the west was not only to liberate the northwest of the motherland, but also to avenge the Red Army soldiers who died tragically in the West Route Army that year.
After receiving the task, General Peng beat the first "horse" he fought was Ma Bufang, who had the most efforts and the cruelest means to fight the Western Route Army.
Although the two horses in the northwest are from the same family, the two are not as united as they imagined. Both sides want to sell their teammates, thinking of relying on their teammates to stop the PLA's pace.
Before dealing with Erma, Mr. Peng took the lead in solving the third force, which is the tens of thousands of troops under Hu Zongnan . The People's Liberation Army was already strong at that time, and it was far from the scene during the Long March.
Peng Dehuai
0 The Meifu Campaign started on July 11, took only three days, and more than 40,000 of Hu Zongnan's four troops were annihilated.
Seeing that the war situation was unfavorable, Hu Zongnan simply fled to Qinling and directly gave the People's Liberation Army a hole in Erma's territory.
Seeing that the People's Liberation Army was so capable, the two horses who won the Western Route Army did not dare to neglect them, so they simply withdrew their troops and fled to the Pingliang area.
On the way back, the conflict between the two horses broke out. They accuse each other of preserving their strength. Although this is indeed the real intention of the two people, when it comes to the table, it means that the two people are almost in a strife.
Ma Bufang
PLA army is approaching, and these old warlords are still standing in their nests.With the conflict between Ma Sheng, Ma Hongkui chose to defend Ningxia and refused to advance and retreat with Ma Bufang.
In desperation, Ma Bufang had to retreat to Lanzhou because he knew that the Ma family army had no chance of winning on the wild desert plains, and wanted to hide in the solid city defense and could hold on for a while with the surrounding cities.
It may be that Ma Bufang never reads newspapers or listens to radio. Since the Liberation War, the Kuomintang army has been broken through many strong city defenses, let alone a Lanzhou city.
Ma Bufang, who was nesting in Lanzhou City, spent a lot of effort to strengthen the fortifications of Lanzhou City.
Deep ditches, bunkers, and minefields are all in place. More than 100,000 troops are deployed inside and outside the city, wanting to fight the People's Liberation Army to the death.
949 On August 4, 1949, a field under General Peng issued an offensive order. The two corps supported by the Huaye detained Hu Zongnan and Ma Hongkui respectively to ensure the safety of the two wings of the field. The battle to liberate Lanzhou began.
By August 21, our army had already reached the periphery of Lanzhou. However, Ma Bufang's strong fortifications caused great damage to our army.
So on August 23, the First Field Army stopped attacking and carefully understood the troops, firepower deployment and terrain conditions in Lanzhou, and re-formulated the combat plan.
In order to dismantle the enemy's morale, General Peng ordered the first liberation of Erma's hometown Linxia , and the morale of the Ma family army, whose nest was confiscated, was in chaos.
Ma Bufang's deployment also began to lose his mind. Not only did he divide his troops out of the city and return to his hometown to help, he also asked Ma Hongkui and Hu Zongnan for help.
However, "friendly troops are in trouble and are still as stable as a mountain" has become a fine tradition of the Kuomintang. In addition, there are two corps watching them, so there are almost no movement.
After re-formulating the combat plan, the first field's repeated attack made Ma Bufang unable to withstand it. So on August 24, he left the army and took his wife on the plane and ran to Chongqing, leaving only his son, , Ma Jiyuan, , to command the battle.
Ma Jiyuan
Son saw this, isn’t this a trick? After a day after the People's Liberation Army attacked, Ma Jiyuan inherited his father's fine traditions and also ran away with makeup. Soon after, he took a plane from Xining to Chongqing.
Lanzhou was also liberated on the 26th, and more than 27,000 main forces under Ma Bufang were wiped out.
With the liberation of Xining on September 6, Ma Bufang and his family were basically beaten up, and the People's Liberation Army, who had taken action, did not stop for a moment, turned around and settled the score with Ma Hongkui.
If Ma Bufang, who is centered on Lanzhou and has a little combat power, is still very good at defending each other in multiple cities. This Ma Hongkui almost lost sight of it.
Ma Hongkui
In order to save his strength, when Ma Bufang asked for help, Ma Hongkui only sent out a small army and slowly arrived at the border of Ganning , and then watched the People's Liberation Army clean up Ma Bufang.
Originally, Ma Hongkui was thinking about whether he could let Ma Bufang be cannon fodder so that he could survive. But he didn't expect that not long after, Ma Bufang was cleaned up and obedient, and even Ma Bufang himself took a plane to Chongqing overnight.
Seeing that the People's Liberation Army began to turn around and deal with it, Ma Hongkui was really panicked. After detailed consideration, General Peng handed over the task of dealing with Ma Hongkui's group to General Yang Dezhi of of the 19th Corps to be responsible for commanding the operations.
Ma Hongkui also knew what he did and felt that he would not end up surrendering and admit defeat. Moreover, he had been entrenched in the northwest for a long time, which made him think from the root that it was his own, so he concentrated all the troops in his hands to prepare for the fight against the trapped beasts.
Ma Dunjing
At that time, in Ningxia, the Ma family army had 5 armies, including Ma Dunjing who commanded the 4 armies of the Ningxia Corps, and an army of Ma Hongkui's nephew Ma Dunjing.
The father of this nephew, Ma Hongkui's cousin, is not a staunch warlord.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Ma Hongbin fought side by side with Fu Zuoyi and others, and had contact with General Peng. He also prefers cooperation to the attitude of the Communist Party of China.
In this way, there will be a rift between Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, and this rift can be used by our army to solve the problem of the two horses as soon as possible.
Ma Hongbin
So after the Party Central Committee discussed, it unanimously decided that political methods should be used to cooperate with military means to quickly resolve the Ma Hongkui group.
After receiving the instructions from the central government, General Yang Dezhi began to act.
He first asked the commander of the 64th Army Zeng Siyu to be the plenipotentiary representative to discuss with Ma Hongbin and encourage them to revolt. After obtaining the security guarantee of the People's Liberation Army, Ma Hongbin's son, with the 81st Army, agreed to the uprising, which will be scheduled for September 19th.
And Ma Hongkui is a pure counter-revolutionary. Chairman Mao also knew this well, and the example of the Western Route Army was still there.
So when Ma Hongbin had not yet revolted, Chairman Mao personally sent a telegram saying that Ma Hongkui had harmed the people of northern Shaanxi for many years and had never done anything good. In addition to his previous grievances, he should basically not expect him to resolve the problem peacefully, and he should be prepared for the fight.
As expected, although his strength was greatly reduced due to Ma Hongbin's uncooperation, Ma Hongkui did not want to give up on resisting.
It seizes time internally to continue to massacre progressive people in Ningxia, and publicizes to fight to the outside world, and constantly tie soldiers to their own chariots.
But who knew that when Ma Hongkui was making such a big fuss, he also used his traditional skills and slipped directly to Chongqing and handed over the command to his second son Ma Dunjing.
While promoting political propaganda with Ma Hongbin, the attack on Ma Dunjing also began.
On September 9, the first line of defense of the Ma family army was broken through, approaching Zhongwei and Zhongning important city.
From September 19th, this day was the day when Ma Hongbin's battlefield uprising was agreed.
At noon that day, the two divisions of the 64th Army of the People's Liberation Army, one on the left and one on the right, started the Golden Spirit Battle.
At the same time, the 63rd Army forced its crossing of Yellow River , and its troops headed straight to Yinchuan.
Jinling Battle
The crazy Ma Dunjing died at the forefront and even opened dozens of miles of the Yellow River embankment, and for a moment, he lured thousands of miles of the country.
On the eve of liberation, the people suffered a flood for no reason due to reactionaries. However, the flood did not stop the PLA's pace, so Ma Dunjing also got on the plane and went to Chongqing to find his father.
Although Ma Hongkui and his son have run away, they are still sitting in Chongqing remotely control, hoping that the remaining troops will not surrender.
But now that's it, no one listens to him anymore. So on the afternoon of September 23, the Ningxia Corps chose to surrender. On September 26, the 19th Corps of the People's Liberation Army held an entry ceremony in Yinchuan.
Ningxia Liberation
Since then, the two horses that have been northwest of Hengba for decades have been swept away, which can be regarded as an explanation to the martyrs of the Western Route Army.
It’s a pity that these two notorious warlord leaders did not receive the punishment that history deserved, just because they ran too fast and did not allow them to be judged by the people. This is also a pity.
However, from that day on, the dire straits and passionate life of the people of the Northwest under these warlords was officially over! The people of the Northwest have stood up from now on!
