Yuan Desheng
1894, Yuan Desheng was born in a poor peasant family in Yaojiaba Township, Zhuzhou County. When he was a teenager, he worked as a cowherd at the landlord's house and did odd jobs everywhere. In 1916, Anyuan Coal Mine recruited a large number of workers, and Yuan came to Anyuan Coal Mine and worked as a coal miner in the fifth section of the direct well. In 1919, the May Fourth Movement affected Anyuan , and Yuan Desheng and a group of young workers participated in the expulsion of French miners and missionaries.
1921, Communists such as Mao Zedong and Li Lisan came to Anyuan one after another to establish workers' night schools and develop party organizations. Yuan Desheng studied at the workers' night school and participated in the road miners' club. In 1922, an Anyuan Road miners' strike broke out, and Yuan Desheng led workers in the fifth section of Naoi to actively participate in the struggle. In October of the same year, Yuan, as the general representative of workers in Section 5 of Naoi, attended the first workers' congress of Anyuan Road Mining Workers Club . In 1923, he joined the Communist Party of China through introduction by Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi.
In the spring of 1925, Yuan Desheng was selected to study at the Party School of the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China. In October of the same year, the party organization sent him to the 5th Agricultural Movement Training Institute in Guangzhou. Here he listened to the courses taught by Mao Zedong, Peng Pai, Ruan Xiaoxian and others, and had a systematic understanding of how to carry out the peasant movement. At the end of the year, Yuan Desheng returned to Hunan and, as a special commissioner of the Kuomintang’s Hunan Party Committee, launched a peasant movement in rural areas along the Zhuping Railway. In February 1926, the first peasant association of Pingxiang County, Zhaoshengxiang Farmers Association was secretly established. In April, the first rural party branch in Pingxiang County was established in Laoguan - the 17th Branch of the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In July 1926, Northern Expedition Army entered Hunan, promoting the vigorous development of the workers' and peasants' movement. Yuan Desheng established 21 agricultural association branches along the Zhuping Railway, with more than 6,000 members. At the end of the year, Yuan Desheng was elected as one of the representatives of the Zhuping Railway Farmers Association with outstanding results and attended the First Farmers' Congress of Hunan Province.
In March 1927, Yuan Desheng attended the first farmers' congress of Jiangxi Province and was elected as the executive member of the Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural Association. After participating in the Nanchang Uprising, Yuan returned to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, cooperated with Mao Zedong to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and led the peasant army to attack the county town of Liling. Soon after, he was elected as the chairman of the Southwest Jiangxi Special Committee and the Soviet Union. In 1928, Yuan Desheng was appointed as a member of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and secretary of the Changsha Municipal Party Committee.
In April 1928, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, Yuan Desheng, in the name of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, convened revolutionary backbone meetings in the remnants of plum blossoms in Zhuzhou County, including Xiangtan , Pingjiang , Liuyang , Liling and other counties, and mobilized everyone to Jinggangshan . After several organizations and mobilized, a team of groups was formed. When the team passed through Huangtuling, Youxian, it was surrounded by heavy troops sent by reactionary troops, and this team with few weapons was dispersed. After
, Yuan Desheng went to Jinggangshan to report to Mao Zedong on the orders of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee many times and conveyed the instructions of the provincial party committee. In November, Yuan officially went to Jinggangshan to work and was appointed as a member of the special committee. He was assigned to work in the Jiulongshan base area at the junction of the four counties of Ninggang , Yongxin , Lotus , and Chaling . In early 1930, the Hunan-Jiangxi Independent Regiment (the predecessor of the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army) was formed, and expanded into the Hunan-Jiangxi Independent Division in the second half of the year. When the Red Army attacked Changsha, Yuan led the team to Liling to meet with the Red Army.
When the Xiangdong Soviet Government was established in Liling, Yuan was elected as chairman and participated in the organization and launching armed riots in the southeastern Hunan region. In November of the same year, the Second National Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers was held on Ruijin . The Hunan-Jiangxi delegation was headed by Yuan Desheng and Wang Zhen was appointed as the party branch secretary. At the conference, Yuan was elected as an executive member of the Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Union.
1934, when Wang Ming's left-leaning line dominated, Comrade Mao Zedong was rejected. Wang Ming sent Liu Shijie and Chen Hongshi (both of them later became traitors) to Yongxin, dismissed Wang Shoudao, arrested Yuan Desheng, slandered him as a member of the AB Corps of the counter-revolutionary organization, and killed Yu Yongxin, who was only 39 years old.
1938 Spring Festival, Comrade Mao Zedong listened to the report of Comrade Wang Shoudao, Tan Yubao and Zhang Qilong on Yuan Desheng's situation at the residence of Yan'an , and instructed Comrade Yuan Desheng to be rehabilitated. Soon, Comrade Yuan Desheng restored his glorious title of revolutionary martyr.
(Original by Niu Ba)
