Chinese has finished speaking. Today we will take a look at foreigners. First of all, ancient Greek . In 3000 BC, the Greek civilization of was born in Crete. Around 1700 BC, the Cretan civilization developed to its peak. But not long after, a volcanic eruption occurred in Crete. The volcano not only hit the economic foundation of Crete, but more importantly, it shook the social foundation of Crete. At that time, the so-called "sacrifice" ruled by Crete. Sacrifice is a god. He can call the wind and rain to bless the Cretans. However, after the volcano erupted, the people no longer believed in the nonsense of sacrifices, so Cretan civilization began to decline.
Crete
The old saying goes that you will kill your life while you are sick. The Cretan brothers immediately took action. This is the " Mycenae civilization " from the other shore Peloponnese . This Mycenae originally had no culture and was a typical barbarian. However, influenced by the Cretan civilization, they still established their own civilization, so they went south to sweep the Crete and ate Crete. Ancient Greece entered the Mycenae period. In the 12th century BC, in order to compete for maritime hegemony, Mycenae and Troy in the east fought, known as the "Trojan War" in history. In the end, it is said that ancient Greece won the victory by relying on Trojan horse .
Mycenae
Trojan horse
can mantis stalks the cicada oriole behind, Ancient Greeks Although they won the Trojan War, the northern barbarians "Dorians " suddenly came. They repeated the story of Mycenae annexation of Crete and took over Mycenae's leadership over the Peloponnese Peninsula. But the Dorians had too inferior governance, and the ancient Greeks were extremely miserable, so this period was called the "Dark Age" of ancient Greece. Later, many city-states appeared on the Peloponnese Peninsula. Each city-state is actually a country. There is an alliance between the city-state, so listen to the boss.
Dorian
At that time, there were two major city-states in ancient Greece, one was the Spartan city-state on the Peloponnese Peninsula, and the other was the Athenian city-state at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. This Spartan is actually a Dorian. After the Dorian went to Spartan , he drove away the previous Spartans, and then called themselves Spartans, and it became true as they called them. Sparta was very upset when he saw Athens, so he wanted to do it, so it united with other city-states to prepare to unify Greece . Unexpectedly, other city-states said: Sparta has been suffering for a long time. Or we can join forces with Athens to kill Sparta. Sparta was not stupid either. When he saw that the situation was not good, he immediately raised the banner of pacifism. In a peaceful environment, city-states such as Sparta and Athens have also ushered in a period of rapid development.
But the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop. Around 600 BC, Asia Minor Peninsula , which is today Turkey , suddenly a powerful rise, which is " Persian ". The places ruled by Persia include some of the Greek regions. In addition, Persian rule was very barbaric, so in 500 BC, the local Greeks were about to revolt, known in history as the "Ionian Uprising". Athens immediately expressed his willingness to provide help to the Ionians, but Persia was indeed very strong and finally suppressed the uprising.
Persian
Of course, things can't be done like this. Persian head Darius I was quite angry, so he decided to teach Greece a lesson, and the "Hiropter War" broke out. Seeing the Persian army, all the Greek city-states knelt down, and most of them expressed their willingness to surrender to Persian rule, but Sparta and Athens did not agree. They formed a Greek coalition and vowed to fight Persia to the death.At first, the Persian army won consecutive battles and finally besieged Athens. However, in 490 BC, Greece defeated the Persians in the Marathon . Ten years later, the Persians made a comeback, and this time they were preparing to completely wipe out Athens. As a result, the three hundred Spartan warriors fought bloody battles until the entire army was wiped out, and finally all the people in the city of Athens retreated. After the Persian army came in, they found that nothing was left. In 479 BC, the Persians came again. This time the Greeks still used the empty city plan . In the end, Sparta led the Greek coalition, defeated Persia greatly in the Battle of Pilates, and killed the Persian general.
After the victory of the Hippolar War, the Greeks began to think, Persia is very powerful, why can we win? First of all, of course, evil does not suppress justice, but more importantly, the unity and cooperation of Greek city-states. From this point of view, the so-called "democracy" developed by Athens is indeed good. So after the war, the democratic system began to become popular in Greece, and at the same time, Athens also became the leader of Greece. But after Athens became the boss, it began to expand and point fingers at other city-states, which caused dissatisfaction among the city-states on the Peloponnese Peninsula led by Sparta. Before the Hippolar War, both sides were dissatisfied with each other. Now it was done. Without Persia, we can do it. Athens set up an Tyro League , Sparta set up a Peloponnese alliance, but the two sides tied.搞不定斯巴达，雅典就想去搞别人，它看上了斯巴达的小弟——位于西西里岛的叙拉古，公元前416年，雅典远征叙拉古，没想到是偷鸡不成蚀把米，被叙拉古一顿胖揍，雅典由此走向衰落。
Syracuse
Atthea did not work, and Sparta naturally became the overlord, but its position did not sit for too long. Soon the Greek city-state fell into a melee mode. The final solution to all this was Macedonian . Macedonia is located in the north of the Balkans. Under the leadership of Alexander the Great, Macedonia not only took over Greece, but also took over large territories of Asia Minor, North Africa and West Asia. In the 4th century BC, it built the once prosperous " Alexander Empire ". But after Alexander 's death, the empire could not continue to maintain unity and immediately split into multiple countries. In the 2nd century BC, the Rome in the west of Greece came over, and Rome was invincible, and the ancient Greek era ended.
Macedonian
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
So the current Greeks are not the ancient Greeks that were once ancient, but the product of the integration of the Hellenistic Eastern Romans and the Turks and the Slavs and the Slavs after the demise of Eastern Rome. As for the ancient Greek and ancient Greek culture, there have been huge changes in this process. So in fact, ancient Greek civilization did not continue to this day. This is why during the 2004 Olympics, Greece held a complete set of ancient Greek rituals, and many people actually came out to mock them, saying that they were not worthy of representing ancient Greek civilization. But from another perspective, from the Cretan civilization to the Mycenaean civilization, from Doria to Sparta and Athens, this is itself a dynamic process. Who can truly represent Greece? My point of view is that today's Greece is Greece, and today's Greeks are Greeks. This is the choice of history and the necessity of historical development. What is my point of view? This is called resolutely overthrowing historical nihilism.
