The Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms, (304~439), was a period of great division in Chinese history. During this period, Li Xiong and Liu Yuan established the founding of the country in Bashu, Han area in 304, and the establishment of the founding of the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains, respectively, and the founding of the founding of the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains, until the founding of the Taiwu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Tao, , in 439. The Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Han area Jiangnan and Jingxiang were controlled by East Jin , while more than 20 countries were established in the northern and southwest of the Han area. Among them, , front-line , Chenghan, front-line zhao, , back-line , northern Liang, , west-line , , back-line , , front-line , , back-line , , back-line , , south-line , , north-line , , fore Qin , Western Qin , Hou Qin The sixteen countries have strong strength. The "Sixteen Kingdoms" originated from the "Sixteen Kingdoms Spring and Autumn" written by Cui Hong, a historian of the Northern Wei Dynasty: "Five Liang , Four Yan, Three Qin , and Two Zhao, and the Cheng and Xia are sixteen." The scope roughly covers the central, eastern, southwestern, and western Han area, and the farthest can reach the northern desert and Western Regions .
Xi Qin (385~400, 409~431), one of the regimes of the Five Barbarians. Longxi Xianbei (some say it belongs to Xiongnu ) was built by the leader of Qifu Guoren , and the capital was Yuanchuan (now Lanzhou City, Gansu Province). The country's name is "Qin" because it is located in the former place of Qin Dynasty. "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms" was originally used as the name of Western Qin, which was different from the Former Qin and Later Qin, and was later used in later generations. In 385, the chief Qi Fu Guoren of the Xianbei chief was called the Great Shanyu in Longxi, and was later named King of Yuanchuan by the Former Qin emperor Fu Pi , and the capital was the Warrior Chuan (now Yuzhong, Gansu). In 388, his brother Qi Fuqian returned to his post and was named Da Shanyu and King of Henan. He moved his capital to Jincheng (now west of Lanzhou, Gansu). In 400, the country was destroyed in the Later Qin Dynasty. In 409, the country was restored, and the name was renamed King of Qin, and moved the capital to Yuanchuan. Qifu Chipan moved the capital to Kuanghan (now Linxia City, Gansu). At its peak, its ruling scope included southwestern Gansu and some areas of Qinghai. It was destroyed by the Xia Kingdom in 431. Western Qin Dynasty passed through four monarchs and established the country twice for a total of 36 years.
Schematic diagram of the territory of Western Qin
In the previous issues of this series, we have introduced the emperors and concubines of eight regimes among the sixteen countries. Today, let’s continue to learn about the emperors and concubines of this ninth country - the emperors and concubines of Western Qin.
- King Xuanlie of the Western Qin Lie, Qifu Guoren and his concubines
Qifu Guoren, (?-388) , Longxi County Xiangwu County (now Longxi County ), a native of Qifu Sifan , founding monarch of Western Qin, 385-388.
In the 12th year of Jianyuan (376), Qifu Guoren's father Qifu Sihan passed away, and Qifu Guoren took over his father to guard Warrior Chuan . In the eighth year of Taiyuan (383), Fu Jian attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty (i.e., the Battle of Feishui ), appointed Qi Fu Guoren as the former general, and led the cavalry as the vanguard. When Qifu Guoren's uncle Qifu Bubu was rebelling in Longxi, Fu Jian sent Qifu Guoren back to attack. Qifu Guoren took this opportunity to develop his own military power, unite with Qifu, and gradually annexed the tribes, with more than 100,000 tribes.
In the tenth year of Taiyuan (385), Qifu Guoren claimed to be the Grand Commander, General, and Da Shanyu. He also served as the governor of Qin and He prefectures, and established the regime of Western Qin and Qin , with the reign of the reign of the reign of the reign of the reign of the reign of the reign of the reign of Jianyi , and established the capital of Heroes. During Qifu Guoren's reign, he continued to accept Xianbei and Qiang tribes to surrender, and his national strength was greatly enhanced. After Qifu Guoren established , Xiqin , the country was rich and strong, dominant, and adopted a policy of selecting talents and appointing talents. All civil and military officials have their own place, and all new and old officials are respected by the guests. Qifu Guoren also vigorously revitalized agriculture and animal husbandry, actively developed production, paid special attention to the development of education and culture, and cultivated and selected talents in governing the country. During the reign of Qifu Guoren, the Western Qin Dynasty was prosperous and prosperous.
In the 13th year of Taiyuan (388), Qi Fu Guoren died of illness. Because his son was young, the ministers supported Qifu Guoren's younger brother Qifu Qiangui ascended the throne. Qifu Guoren was posthumously named "King Xuanlie" and the temple name was "Liezu".
There is no record of Qifu Guoren's concubines in history books, and even his wife did not leave her name. It is only known that this wife gave birth to a legitimate son for Qifu Guoren in 380. Qifu Gong’s Mansion lost the throne because of his youth. When he grew up, he launched a rebellion and killed his uncle Qifu Qiangui. The ending of Qifu Duke's Mansion was very tragic. After the rebellion failed, he was tortured by a car break. In addition, Qifu Guoren also has a son, , Qifu Yizhou (former general), and who is his biological mother?
- King Wuyuan of the Western Qin Dynasty, Qi Fu Qiangui and his concubines,
Qi Fu Qiangui , (?-412), Longxi County Xiangwu County (now Longxi County Gansu Province). The Sixteen Kingdoms period The second monarch of the Western Qin , the younger brother of Qin Xuanlie King Qifu Guoren , reigned from 388-400, 409-412.
According to historical records, Qi Fu Qiangui is majestic and handsome, brave and good at fighting, deep and elegant. When he was young, he followed his brother Qi Fu Guoren to fight everywhere. In the first year of Jianyi in the Western Qin Dynasty (385), Qifu Guoren established the Western Qin Dynasty and appointed Qifu Qiangui as the general. In 388, Qifu Guoren died. Because his son was young, the ministers supported Qifu Qian, who had good military achievements and great political achievements, ascended the throne. Qifu Qiangui was appointed as the Grand Governor, General, Grand Shanyu, and King of Henan. He implemented amnesty in the territory, changed the year name to , Taichu and moved the capital to Jincheng (now Lanzhou, Gansu Province). When Qi Fu Qian first came to his resignation, he was appointed as the King of Western Qin and was granted the title of King of Western Qin.
400, Western Qin was attacked by the Later Qin general Yao Shuode , and Qi Fu Qiangui was defeated and surrendered to the Later Qin . The monarch of the Later Qin Dynasty, Yao Xing appointed him as the governor of the military affairs of Henan, General Zhenyuan, Governor of Hezhou, and Marquis of Guiyi, so that he could continue to control his army. In the fourth year of Hongshi in the Later Qin Dynasty (402), Qi Fu Chipan, the son of Qi Fu Qiangui, was named the Changshi of the Sanqi and the Zuo Xianwang. The father and son began to plan to restore the country in private. In the first year of Gengshi (409), the Western Qin Dynasty officially restored the country, and Qifu Qiangui unified the entire Longxi territory.
The fourth year of Gengshi (412), Qifu Qiangui was killed by his nephew Qifu Duke's Mansion (son of Qifu Guoren). After his son Qifu Chipan succeeded to the throne, he posthumously honored Qifu Qiangui's temple name "Gaozu" and posthumously named "Wuyuan", and was buried in Kuanghanling.
Qifu Qiangui's original wife is Bian's . Bian's birth and death year and family background are unknown. When Bian was young, he married Qifu Qiangui as his wife and gave birth to a son Qifu Chipan (King Wen Zhao). In 388, Qifu Qiangui was supported by all ministers and appointed Bian as the queen. Due to political considerations, Qifu Qiangui married the sister of the Former Qin emperor Fu Deng Princess Fu and made him the queen in 394. Bian's family took into account the overall situation and asked to be demoted.
Due to the war, the whereabouts of the Queen Fu are unknown and are likely to die in the military chaos. After Fu's death, Qi Fuqian returned to the country in 409 and renamed the original wife Bian as the queen. After Qifu Qian returned, he was killed by his nephew. Qifu Chipan, the son of Bian, succeeded to the throne and respected Bian as the empress dowager.
Qifu Qiangui has many children, with 15 sons recorded in name, and more than a dozen children who did not leave their names. In the later rebellion of Qifu Duke's Mansion, they were killed together with Qifu Qiangui. The mothers of these children are no longer verified except for Qifu Chipan who was born from his original wife.
- King Wenzhao of the Western Qin Dynasty, King Wenzhao of King Qifu Chipan and his concubines
Qifu Chipan , (?-428), from Yuzhong, Jincheng (now Yuzhong County, Gansu Province). The sixteen countries The third monarch of the Western Qin , the eldest son of King Wuyuan Qifu Qiangui , the mother was the queen of , and reigned from 198 to 412 to 428.
Qifu Chipan, the eldest son of Wuyuan King Qifu Qiangui, is brave, decisive and determined by nature, and is good at making decisions when it comes to opportunities and is more powerful than others. After Qifu Qiangui was defeated by the Later Qin emperor, Yao Xing, Qifu Chipan was hostage at Nanliang, Tufa Lilu Gu, and then escaped and surrendered to Yao Xing.Yao Xing admired Qifu Chipan very much and appointed him as General Zhenzhong and the prefect of Xingjin, and also as General Jianwu and the captain of Xingxiyi, leaving his army to guard Yuanchuan. When Qifu Qiangui was called king again, he made Qifu Chipan the crown prince, and also led the champion general, general in charge of military affairs in China and abroad, and recorded the affairs of the Shangshu. Later, Qi Fuqian returned to Yao Xing and surrendered to him. Yao Xing sent an envoy to temporarily appointed Qi Fu Chi Pan as the general of the 号 , 号治六文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文�
412, Qi Fu Qiangui died, Qi Fu Chipan succeeded to the throne, and the year name was Yongkang . After Qifu Chipan ascended the throne, he continued to fight everywhere, attacked Tuyuhun , migrated to the Qiang people, and continued to fight with Beiliang , and later destroyed Nanliang, his original wife's homeland. Fang Xuanling has a high evaluation of Qifu Chipan in " Jin Shu ": "Chibo is powerful and powerful. He is in prison and has many heroes. He is determined to win many odds, so he can live a life of the chief of the river and attack the land of Leduo for several years, so he has prospered the fake industry. He is correct and can break the opportunity."
In the fifth year of Yuanjia (428), Qifu Chipan died. posthumously named "King Wenzhao" and the temple name is "Taizu".
Qifu Chipan's legitimate wife, and the only queen he canonized is Tufa (another transliteration of the Xianbei Tuoba ). Qifu Chipan and his legitimate wife fell in love and killed each other, and they had been entangled in love and hatred for life. The author once wrote the story of this couple in detail. For details, please see ☛
In the fifth year of Yixi (409), the Western Qin Dynasty was restored, and Chi Pan was reinstated as the crown prince. Around this time, Tufa followed her husband back from Later Qin to Western Qin, and has been living on the land of Western Qin since then. In the fourth year of Gengshi (412), Qifu Qiangui was killed by his nephew Qifu Gong Mansion. Qifu Chipan captured and killed the Duke Gong Mansion to avenge his father and inherited the throne. Tufa was also enthroned as the queen, and his sister Tufa was made the left lady.
After Qifu Chipan succeeded to the throne, his attitude towards his legitimate wife Tufa was very different from his previous neglect, and he loved her very much. However, Qifu Chipan was determined to achieve hegemony, and for this reason, he completely ignored his kindness of being taken in by Nanliang. Soon after, he destroyed Nanliang and poisoned the king of Nanliang Tufa Qi Tan (Qifu Chipan's father-in-law). Nanliang is the homeland of Empress Tufa, and Tufa Jingtan is her father. It is conceivable how sad and angry Tufa should be in the face of such a situation.
Although Qifu Chipan had abandoned his wife several times and fled, he seemed to have discovered his conscience later. He loved his legitimate wife, Datufa, and no one in the palace could do more than Queen Tufa. Although Queen Tufa was very favored by Chi Pan, she hated her husband's behavior of destroying the country and killing her father, and was determined to take revenge. Queen Tufa endured humiliation and was gentle and considerate to Qifu Chipan on the surface, but secretly accumulated his own strength. In October of the fourth year of Jianhong (423), Empress Tufa and her brother Tufa Hutai conspired to assassinate Qifu Chipan.
When the brother and sister discussed this matter, they did not avoid Mrs. Zuo Xiao Tufa. Although Xiao Tufa was named Mrs. Zuo and his status in the palace was second only to that of the queen, because the emperor always favored the queen and almost had no favor to Mrs. Zuo, Xiao Tufa was extremely jealous and hated his sister. When she heard that her brother and sister wanted to take revenge, the first thing she thought of was to inform the emperor of the matter, so that the queen could be deposed and she could replace her sister to become the queen. Xiao Tufa then betrayed his brother and sister and told Chi Pan the plan secretly.
Qifu Chipan didn't believe it at first, so he went to question the queen. However, when the queen saw that the plan was exposed, she simply admitted it and scolded her husband for being ungrateful and conscientious. Qifu Chipan wanted to persuade the queen at first, hoping that she would change her mind. But Empress Tufa has been aggrieved about her husband for a long time, and no matter what he says, it will be useless and she is determined to die. Qifu Chipan finally became angry and extinguished. In anger, he executed all the Tufa brothers and sisters and more than ten accomplices.
However, when Qifu Chipan executed the Tufa Queen, he soon regretted it. He still had love for the Tufa Queen who was with him in times of danger. However, national hatred and family hatred doomed that the couple could not return to their past years.After the death of Queen Tufa, Qifu Chipan missed her day and night, and her body soon collapsed. Five years later (428), Qifu Chipan passed away in his memory of Queen Tufa.
Xiao Tufa originally thought that he had made contributions to the rumor, but when Qifu Chipan executed the queen, he felt that he would definitely be promoted to the new queen. But Qifu Chipan was very dissatisfied with her betrayal of her brothers and sisters. Not only did she not make her a newcomer, but even the last trace of pampering disappeared. In 428, Qifu Chipan died and his son succeeded to the throne. Mrs. Zuo Xiao Tufa and Qifu Mumo's younger brother Qifu Shuluo had an adultery. The two later plotted a coup, and the incident happened and Xiao Tufa was killed.
Qifu Chipan loves the queen Tufa, but historical materials do not record whether Queen Tufa gave birth to children for him. Qifu Chipan was seen in historical records and has four sons and three daughters. Among them, the second son of the emperor, Qi Fumumo, succeeded to the throne as the last master. His biological mother's surname and birth and death year are unknown, but historical records show that after he succeeded to the throne, he respected his biological mother as the empress dowager. When Qi Fu Mumo was young, his mother was injured by the misuse of a slingshot by the Western Qin Shangshu Xin Jin, which affected her appearance and caused her to lose favor. When Qi Fu Mumo ascended the throne and asked about the reason for his mother's facial injuries, his mother told him the situation on the spot. Qi Fu Mumo was furious and killed 27 relatives from Xin Jin and his five tribes. The other princes and daughters of Qifu Chipan are: the eldest son Qifu Yuanji, Qifu Shuluo, Qifu Chenglong, Qifu (the younger brother of Tufa Queen Tufa Po Qiang), Princess Xingping, and Princess Pingchang. The biological mothers of these children are not verified.
- The emperor of the Western Qin Dynasty and his concubines and their concubines
Qifumushi, (?-431), -word Anshiba , Longxi County Xiu County (now Longxi County Hanwu County, Gansu Province), Xianbei , the second son of King Wenzhao Qifu Chipan , the last monarch of the Western Qin Dynasty, reigned from 428-431.
Qifududu is young and studious and literary. In the eighth year of Yongkang (419), Qi Fu Mumo was made the crown prince, commanding the general of the army and governing the military affairs of China and abroad. The ninth year of Jianhong (428), Qi Fu Chipan died, Qi Fu Mushi ascended the throne, and was amnesty in the territory, and changed the reign to Yonghong . When Qi Fumumo was reigned, politics and punishment were very cruel, causing internal and external disintegration, and there was many turmoil in the country, and people were betrayed. Qifu Mumo was suspicious, and his younger brother Qifu Shuluo adultered his father's wife Tufa, and the latter two conspired to rebel. After the incident, Qi Fu Mumo slaughtered Qi Fu Shuluo and killed dozens of people on the pretext that many royal families participated in the conspiracy.
During Qi Fumumo's reign, tribal rebellions occurred almost at any time. He suppressed rebellions everywhere and killed countless people. The strength of the Western Qin Dynasty became increasingly weak. The third year of Yonghong (430), because he was forced by Northern Liang, he wanted to surrender to the Northern Wei Dynasty, but he was not expected to be blocked by Xia. In the fourth year of Yonghong (431), the Xia Kingdom captured Nan'an, the capital of Western Qin. Qifu surrendered to the west, and Western Qin was destroyed. In June of the same year, Qi Fu Mumo and his clan 500 were killed by Emperor Xia of Helian Ding .
Qifu Mushi has Queen Liang's . Liang's family, (?-431) , family background unknown. Liang married Qifu Mumo as his wife when he was the crown prince and gave birth to a son, Qifu Wanzai (the crown prince). The ninth year of Jianhong (428), Qifu Chipan died. Qifu Mushi succeeded the throne of Qin and changed the reign of Yonghong . The following year, the legitimate concubine Liang was appointed as the queen. During Qi Fumumo's reign, he was punished and killed indiscriminately, so people were determined to rebel. In the fourth year of Yonghong (431), the Xia Kingdom captured Nan'an, the capital of Xiqin. Qi Fu Mumo surrendered. Later, he was taken to Shangqin and was killed by Helianding with more than 500 royal families. It is speculated that Empress Liang was killed together.
The previous text of this series guides:
☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one) - Han Zhao (Foreign Zhao)
☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the two) - Cheng Han (Foreign Shu)
☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the three) - Qianliang
☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the four) - Hou Zhao
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☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the four) - Hou Zhao
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☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the four) - Hou Zhao
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☛ The emperors of the Five Barbarians and their concubines (one of the four) - Hou Zhao
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☛ The emperors and their concubines of the Five Barbarians (Fifth) - Former Yan
☛ The emperors and their concubines of the Five Barbarians (Fifth) - Former Qin
☛ The emperors and their concubines of the Five Barbarians (Fifth) - Former Qin
☛ The emperors and their concubines of the Five Barbarians (Fifth) - Later Yan
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