In order to welcome the convening of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army Daily opened a column on the "Knowledge of the Party's National Congress" to help netizens understand the history of the previous National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
From the first National Congress of the Party in 1921 to the 20th National Congress of the Party in 2022, the Communist Party of China has gone through 101 years. According to the provisions of the " Constitution of the Communist Party of China ", the National Congress of the Party is held every five years. However, the time of convening of previous party congresses was not even average, with the shortest interval being less than one year, and the longest interval was more than ten years, with great differences in time. Today, let’s review the time of the party congress :
st National Congress of the Communist Party of China
th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on July 23, 1921.
The Second Congress of the Communist Party of China
The Second Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on July 16, 1922, a year after the First Congress of the Communist Party of China. The first party constitution in the history of the Party passed by the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulates that the Party Congress is regularly convened by the Central Executive Committee every year.
The Second Congress of the Communist Party of China Party Constitution
The Three Congress of the Communist Party of China
The Third Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on June 12, 1923, only 11 months away from the Second Congress of the Communist Party of China.
The Four Majors of the Communist Party of China
The Four Majors of the Communist Party of China were held on January 11, 1925, a year and a half after the Three Majors of the Communist Party of China. On September 15, 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Notice on the Convening of the Four National Congresses" and clearly stated: "Location: Shanghai. Time: Starting from November 15." In November, the Communist International sent Vikingsky to guide the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Because Vikingsky arrived in Shanghai at the end of November or early December, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China postponed the meeting until early 1925.
5 National Congress of the Communist Party of China
5 National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on April 27, 1927, two years and three months after the Fourth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to the provisions of the Party Constitution, the Fifth National Congress of the Party should be held in 1926. Due to the location selection of the conference and differences in opinions with the representatives of the Communist International, the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was postponed until the spring of 1927.
Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on June 18, 1928, one year and two months after the fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China , which complies with the provisions of the Party Constitution on the annual Party Congress.
After that, the seventh, eighth and nineth National Congresses were postponed, and the tenth and eleventh National Congresses were held in advance. The National Congress of the Party that was not held on time all have special historical reasons.
7 National Congress of the Communist Party of China conference hall
7 National Congress of the Communist Party of China
The " Constitution of the Communist Party of China" passed by the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union in 1928 stipulates: "The National Congress of the Party is the highest organ of the Party. It is held once a year according to usual regulations." According to this regulation, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China should be held in 1929. But in fact, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on April 23, 1945, and it was nearly 17 years since the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held.
In fact, as early as July 1929, in view of the needs of the development of the domestic situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China prepared to convene the seven major s in 1930, and then it was changed to the convening in 1931. However, as the Kuomintang reactionaries launched five consecutive "encirclement and suppression", they were forced to undergo strategic transfers after the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression failed. After the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made many proposals to convene the Seventh National Congress in December 1937, spring 1938, 1939, March 1941 and July 1943.However, since the early and mid-term period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, our party and our army carried out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and established anti-Japanese bases at that time were the top priority of military and political work, the anti-sweeping operation situation in each base area was severe. In addition, the Kuomintang reactionaries launched three anti-communist climaxes, as well as the rectification and large-scale production campaigns carried out by our party, the Seventh National Congress had to be postponed again and again. It was not until May 1944 that the rectification movement was basically over and the seventh National Congress was put on the agenda again. On April 23, 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China finally opened.
8th Congress of the Communist Party of China
The Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on September 15, 1956, 11 years later from the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to the provisions of the Constitution of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the National Congress of the Party is usually convened every three years. In special circumstances, the Central Committee will decide to postpone or convene in advance. The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in 1945, and the Eighth National Congress should be held around 1948. However, judging from the overall situation after the Seventh National Congress, it is difficult to hold the next Party Congress as scheduled in accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution.
From September 8 to 13, 1948, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (i.e., the September Meeting of , ) was held in Xibaipo . The picture shows the meeting site.
948, the War of Liberation entered its third year, and the national situation had developed in a direction that was beneficial to the People's Liberation Army. From September 12, 1948 to January 31, 1949, the People's Liberation Army launched three major battles: Liaoshen, , Huaihai, , and Pingjin. From March 5 to 13, 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Baipo Village, Pingshanxi, Hebei. Since then, the Crossing the River Battle and the Shanghai Battle have been launched continuously, and the marching to the southeast, Central and South , northwest and southwest, as well as the preparation for the new CPPCC, have not had the right time to hold a new party congress.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, everything was in trouble. We needed to carry out land reform, bandit suppression, anti-revolutionary campaigns, "Three Anti-Five Anti-Revolutionary" and other movements. In addition, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the Eighth National Congress of the Party was not held during this period.
From March 21 to March 31, 1955, the National Party Congress was held in Beijing. This meeting provided important guarantees for the smooth implementation of the Party’s general line during the transition period of , and also prepared for the convening of the Eighth National Congress. In his concluding speech on March 31, Mao Zedong said that the Central Committee decided to convene the Eighth National Congress of the Party in the second half of 1956.
The Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from September 15 to 27, 1956. It is the first National Congress of the Party held after the founding of New China. The Eight and Seventh National Congress were separated by 11 years, and it was a late event.
8 conference venue of the Communist Party of China
9 National Congress of the Communist Party of China
8th National Congress of the Communist Party of China passed the revised "Constitution of the Communist Party of China", which Article 31 stipulates that "the term of office of each session of the National Congress of the Party is five years." In fact, it is to convene the National Congress of the Party every five years.
According to the Party Constitution adopted by the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of China should have been held in 1961, but for various reasons, the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of China was not held on time. From April 1 to 24, 1969, the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held, 13 years apart from the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.
Top Ten Communist Party of China
Article 8 of the "Constitution of the Communist Party of China" passed by the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulates that "the National Congress of the Party shall be held every five years. In special circumstances, it may be held in advance or postponed." According to the provisions of the Party Constitution, the Ten Communist Party of China shall be held in 1974.
But because of "under special circumstances", the National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from August 24 to 28, 1973, four years apart from the Ninth Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it was a meeting held in advance.
th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in 1973. If five years apart, the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China should be held in 1978. After crushing the "Gang of Four", the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in advance according to the development of the situation and the need to rectify the chaos, and the Party's work policy was determined, and the election of a new Central Committee was urgent. The Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held from August 12 to 18, 1977. It was four years apart from the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was also a meeting held in advance.
Twelve Congresses of the Communist Party of China
Twelve Congresses of the Communist Party of China were held in Beijing from September 1 to 11, 1982, five years apart from the 11th Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to the provisions of the Party Constitution, the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a meeting held on time. After the reform and opening up, the National Congress of the Party was held every five years in strict accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution.
th National Congress of the Communist Party of China ——Twenty-twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China
th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on October 25, 1987;
4th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on October 12, 1992;
5th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on September 12, 1997;
5th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on September 12, 1997;
5th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on September 12, 1997; html l5
The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on November 8, 2002;
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on October 15, 2007;
18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on November 8, 2012;
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held on October 18, 2017;
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China will be held on October 16, 2022.
The venue of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Finally, let’s sort out: The first to sixth National Congress, one to two years apart; the seventh, eighth and nineth National Congress were postponed, all of which are more than ten years apart; the tenth and eleventh National Congress were held in advance, four years apart; starting from the 12th National Congress, all of which are held on time, once every five years.
(the author is an expert in military history)
People's Liberation Army Daily WeChat release
Author: Xu Ping
Editor: Liu Yan
Editor: Liu Yan
