The king of the country has become a high-yield area for idioms. Lesson 4 of Chinese History "The Change of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties" tells about four tyrants (three of them were kings who lost their country), all of which left idioms and allusions. Let’s learn these idioms together.
Xia Jie and his sister are happy
1. Times of time are still lost
"Times of time are still lost" comes from "Shangshu Tang oath" "There are many people who are lazy and do not cooperate, saying: 'Times of time are still lost, I will die together!'" The protagonist of the idiom is Xia Jie. Jie of Xia, with the surname Si, his name is , Lugui , from Xihe (Xihe Village, Dongcaiyuan Town, Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province). Xia Dynasty The last monarch. When Jie of Xia was reigned, he was arrogant and extravagant. According to the " Bamboo Book Anniversary ", he "built a palace, decorated the jade platform, built a jade room, and established a jade door." He was happy to drink and have fun with the palace maids all day long. Jie of Xia was a villain and a wise minister. Someone introduced Yi Yin to Xia Jie, who persuaded Xia Jie to understand the sufferings of the people and to govern the world with the benevolent politics of Yao and Shun. Xia Jie refused to listen, and he told Yi Yin: "The relationship between the people and me is the relationship between the sun and the moon. If the moon does not perish, will the sun perish?" Yi Yin had no choice but to leave Xia Jie and defect to Shang Tang . Shang Tang told Xia Min this sentence from Jie of Xia, testing Xia Min's attitude towards his king, Jie of Xia. Xia Min pointed to the sun and cursed: "If the sun will perish, my moon will be willing to die with you! (I will die together until the end of time!)" Shang Tang understood that Xia Jie had lost the hearts of the people, so he raised an army to command the princes to attack Xia Jie. Jie of Xia was defeated and exiled to Nanchao, and eventually died in Tingshan.
King Zhou and Daji (Pictures from film and television)
2. Wine Pool Meat Forest
"Wine Pool Meat Forest" comes from Sima Qian "Records of the Grand Historian • The Basic Annals of Yin" "Wine Pool Meat Forest is used as a pond, and county meat is used as a forest, so that men and women can chase each other and drink for a long night." The protagonist of the idiom is King Zhou of Shang . King Zhou of Shang Emperor Xin , son surname, name Shou, last monarch of Shang dynasty, known as "Zhou" and "Zhou of Shang". Everyone knows the story of King Zhou of Shang. Especially the 1990 version of the TV series " Treasure of Gods" ( Daqi plays King Zhou of Shang, and Fu Yiwei plays Dayi), although it has interpretation elements, it basically explains that historical facts and will not be repeated here.
Chinese people riot
3. Road is in sight
"Road is in sight" comes from "Mandarin·Zhou Yushang" "No Chinese people dare to speak, road is in sight." The protagonist of the idiom is Zhou Liwang . King Li of Zhou, Ji surnamed Hu, was the tenth monarch of the Western Zhou . King Li of Zhou was tyrannical and extravagant. The people of Western Zhou Dynasty all discussed his faults. Duke Mu of Zhao advised him: The king's government orders are too tyrannical and the people cannot bear it, and they are all talking about it. King Li of Zhou was furious after hearing this. He found a wizard to monitor the people who were talking about it. When he found that anyone was talking about it, he would arrest him and kill him. As a result, fewer people are talking about it. The people dared not speak anymore, and they could only give each other a look when they met on the road (“No Chinese people dare to speak, the road is in sight”). King Li of Zhou was very happy and told Duke Mu of Zhao, "I can eliminate the people's discussions about me, and the people dare not complain." Duke Mu of Zhao, "This is just to block their words back. Blocking the people's mouths is more serious than blocking the river. There is too much water accumulation, and once the river breaks, it will definitely hurt many people; the principle is the same..." King Li of Zhou did not listen to the advice. In 841 BC, because he was dissatisfied with the tyranny of King Li of Zhou, the "Chinese people" in the capital Haojing gathered to resist, which was known in history as "Chinese people's riots." The people held sticks and farm tools and besieged the palace. King Li of Zhou ordered the dispatch of troops and generals. The minister said: "We have military forces with our people. The people are soldiers, and the soldiers are soldiers. The people are riots, who else can we mobilize?" King Li of Zhou had to lead his confidants to flee from Haojing in a hurry, along the banks of the Wei River, and fled to Yu (now Huozhou City, Linfen City, Shanxi Province). In 828 BC (the 14th year of the republic of Zhou), King Li of Zhou died of illness in the throne.
Zhou King Li disturbed the Western Zhou Dynasty and destroyed the country at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Thanks to the two prime ministers, Zhao Mu Duke and Zhou Ding Duke . Later, the two prime ministers jointly governed the government affairs and were known as the "Republic". The first year of the Republic (841 BC) is also the beginning of a definite chronological record in Chinese history.
Beacon Fires Playing the Lords
4. Beacon Fires Playing the Lords
"Beacon Fires Playing the Lords" comes from Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" Volume 4 " Zhou Dynasty Archive " " Baosi is not funny, Youwang wants him to laugh, so he does not laugh. King Youwang is a beacon fire drum, and when a bandit arrives, he raises beacon fire. All the princes arrive, but there are no bandits, and Baosi laughs loudly." The protagonist of the idiom allusion is Zhou Youwang . King You of Zhou, with Ji surname and name Gong Feng (shēng), was the twelfth monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty. King You of Zhou favored Bao Si. Bao Si was very kind and did not like to laugh. King You of Zhou came up with various ways to make her laugh, but Bao Si never laughed. Guo Shifu offered a suggestion: Why not let people ignite the beacon tower to make Bao Si laugh? The foolish King You of Zhou really adopted Guo Shifu's suggestion and immediately took Bao Si to the beacon tower of Mount Li, and ordered the soldiers to light the beacon. In an instant, the beacon tower soared into the sky. When the princes from all over the country saw the wolf, they thought the enemy invaded, so they hurriedly led their troops to serve the king. All the princes came to the foot of Mount Li and , and they did not even see the shadow of the enemy. When they saw that King You of Zhou and Bao Si were sitting on the stage drinking and having fun. Only then did the princes realize that they were being teased and returned one by one. Bao Si finally smiled brightly when she saw the crowds and horses at the foot of Mount Li, and King You of Zhou was overjoyed. After that, King You of Zhou teased the princes several times in order to win Bao Si's smile. In 771 BC, Quanrong attacked Haojing. When King You of Zhou heard the news, he hurriedly ordered beacon tower to light the beacon. The princes from all over the country thought it was King You of Zhou again to make Bao Si smile and no longer move troops. The Quanrong soldiers and horses attacked the capital. King You of Zhou took Bao Si and fled from the back door in a hurry. On the way, he was chased and killed by the Quanrong soldiers. The Western Zhou Dynasty then destroyed the country.
People often blame the demise of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties on women. "Zuo Zhuan" says that "Xia was happy, Yin was Daji , and Zhou was Baosi, which was the result of the three generations." What exactly is the reason for the demise of a dynasty? After reading these stories, I believe readers have their own answers in their hearts.
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