Author: Chen Erhu
a, born into troubled times Yelü Dashi
Liao Dynasty Dynasty, dominated China The Khitan Empire, which had been in the north for more than two hundred years, was annihilated by the Jurchens who rose from Baishan and Heishui.
However, at the end of the Liao Dynasty, there was a person called the "Da Shi Lin Ya" who led two hundred of his men to follow him and went all the way to the west to establish Xiliao.
Dashilinya, the Khitan royal family, called Yelv Dashi, with a heavy character. He was the eighth grandson of the Taizu Yelu Abaoji of the Liao Dynasty. He was admitted as a Jinshi in the fifth year of Liao Tianqing (1115 AD) and was gradually promoted to Hanlin According to the decree, the Hanlin Khitan language is "Lin Ya", so people call the Yelu Dashi as the Big Stone Lin Ya.
Yelv Dashi has been influenced by Fanhan culture since he was a child. He is smart and studious, possesses both civil and military skills, has a good appearance, has a calm and introverted personality, is proficient in Khitan and Chinese, and is also very good at riding and shooting.
When the Liao Wei Emperor Tianzuo Emperor Yelu Yanxi was chased by the Jinmen and fled to Jiashan, Yelu Dashi and others supported the fourth son of Liao Xingzong Yeluchun as the emperor, according to the guard of Liao Nanjing (now Beijing), But soon Yeluchun passed away. His wife Xiao Defei presided over the state affairs. Under the joint attack of Jin and Song, Yelu Dashi and Xiao Defei had to lead the rest to Jiashan to join Emperor Zuo of Liao.
The faint Emperor Tian Zuo was very angry with Yelu Stone who supported Yeluchun as the emperor, and ordered the execution of Xiao Dechun. He also asked Yelv Dashi: "I'm still alive, how dare you support Yelvchun as the emperor?"
Yelv Dashi expected that Emperor Tianzuo would ask such questions, so he replied frankly: "You respect the head of state and cannot rise. However, leading the army to resist the enemy, abandoning the society and the mountains, hiding in the mountains, so that the Li people suffered from the war. In order to save millions of people, even if ten Yeluchun resisted and proclaimed the emperor, it would be better than begging others to survive. "
For a time, Emperor Tian Zuo was speechless and ashamed. He pardoned Yelu Dashi's sins, but didn't believe him. He comforted him on the surface, and then let Yelu Dashi lead his army to fight the golden soldiers.
Yelv Dashi knows that only with the little soldiers under Emperor Tian Zuo, there is a huge gap between the few and the few, but they still confronted the golden men decisively and were defeated and captured.
Jin Jundu finished Yan Zongwang tied the Yelu Dashi with a rope and forced him to lead the attack on the Tianzuo Emperor’s camp. Captured the son of Emperor Tian Zuo and many other members of the clan, with more than 10,000 vehicles.
Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda was very happy, and he issued an edict to reward Dashi and gave him a Jurchen woman to be his wife.
Yelvda Shiming descended to gold, accumulated strength secretly, and waited for the opportunity to get out.
One day, Yelu Dashi seized the opportunity and successfully escaped with thousands of people and returned to Emperor Tian Zuo.
This Emperor Tianzuo doubted Yelu Dashi, so Yelu Dashi decided to leave Tianzuo Emperor and seek development.
II. Yelu Dashi Zhanyi Westbound
With his relatives and Shi only in September 1124 , Together with two hundred selected cavalry, went all the way north, three days later met the leader of the Bai Dada tribe, Begul (Baidada refers to the tribe of the Mongolian plateau that was originally not Mongolian but has been Mongolian, such as the Wanggu tribe, Tatar, Zara'er, etc.).
Bedguer was moved by the feat of Yelv Dashi, dedicated to the stone horses, 20 camels, and countless sheep, which made Yelü Dashi materially supplemented. However, he went all the way to the northwest and arrived in Liao. The northernmost border town, Kedun City (Liaozhen Prefecture, which is located near Bayannur on the west bank of the Tura River in present-day Mongolia), has 20,000 Khitan cavalry stationed there for a long time, and there are hundreds of thousands of horses in the nearby pasture.
After arriving at Ketun City, Yelv Dashi gained military strength, and then convened Wuwei, Chongde, Huifan, Dalaiguai, Dilai, Hongjilai, Chachilai, Mierqi, Bigude, Uganda The chiefs of Guli and other tribes (many of them are Mongolian tribes), announced: "My ancestors struggled to start a business, nine masters in the past, after two hundred years, Jin Yi was a subject, forcing my country, ruining our people, slaughtering our prefecture and making us heaven. Emperor Zuo was covered in dust, day and night, heartbroken, made me act righteously, wanting to use the power of the Tibetans, to help my enemies, and restore my territory. But everyone also has my country, worried about my society, thinking of saving the emperor together, and helping Are the people living in trouble?”
These tribes had surrendered to the Liao Dynasty, and after listening to the words of Yelu Dashi To express their support, one after another donated camels, horses, cattle and sheep, and mobilized the tribe to join Yelv Dashi.
Yelü Dashi knows that the environment in Dun City is harsh and it is relatively close to the emerging Jurchens. With more than 20,000 soldiers and horses not enough to contend with the Jinren, he decided to continue westward and arrive at Gaochang (now Turpan, Xinjiang), Yelü Dashi sent a book to King Pilk of the Uighur Kingdom, explaining that he borrowed this way and asked for grants, expressing his willingness to have a long-term friendship with the Uighurs, and was welcomed by the Uighur King Pilk. The feast was three days, Da Shi Starting off, he gave 600 good horses, 100 camels, and 3,000 sheep, and sent his son to go west with Yelu Dashi.
Yelv Dashi arrived in Yemili City (now Emin County, Xinjiang), where the aquatic plants are abundant and suitable for farming and animal husbandry. Yelv Dashi was set up here and was supported by the surrounding tribes who speak Turkic languages. In a few years, I came to seek refuge There are more than 16,000 accounts for the Khitan people (accounts, roughly equivalent to one household, a household with five people, there are more than 80,000 people), plus all ethnic groups, the population exceeds 200,000.
3. Establishing a new Liao Dynasty
In 1132 AD, the Yelu Dashi was based on the Khitan tradition. Niu Baima made a sacrifice to heaven and earth and ancestors, and proclaimed himself emperor in Yemili City. He was named "Yanqing" in Chinese and "Emperor Tianyou" in Chinese. According to local people's habits, he was called Juerhan (this is the highest honor of the northern nomads. It means the sweat in the sweat), established the Hara Khitan Empire, known as Xiliao in history.
After Yelv Dashi became emperor, he expanded his territory, developed his power, and gradually strengthened his national power. The capital was determined to be the capital of Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan.
In March 1134 AD, Yelü Dashi ordered his general Xiao Wu Li La as the General Marshal of the Soldiers and Horses, and Xiao Cha La A as the Deputy Marshal, commanding the 70,000 cavalry troops to conquer the Golden Kingdom and want to restore the Liao Dynasty. Before departure, the Yelu Dashi sacrificed to the sky with a blue ox and a white horse, and swears: "My great Liao has become an emperor from Taizu and Taizong's difficulties, and his heirs are insatiable and insatiable. They are not sympathetic to the state. The thieves have swarmed and the world fell. , As far as Shuomo; expect to regain the great cause and rejuvenate with the light, this is not the place where we and you live.”
But Xiaowu Lila led the army to travel east for more than 10,000 li without gain, and most of the livestock he brought with him died. , Had to rein in the west.
Yelü Dashi thought it was God’s will, so he changed his strategy, developed westward, and entered Central Asia. Na Basin, defeated the soldiers and horses of the West Black Khan Dynasty. At that time, the Seljuk Turkic Empire was the overlord of the West Black Khan Dynasty. In order to protect the affiliated West Black Khan Dynasty, Sultan Sanghar personally led a 100,000 army to fight fierce battles with the West Liao soldiers of Yelv Dashi on the Katwan grassland. Gall was defeated, corpse dozens of miles.
In the history of Central Asia, the Battle of Katwan was a famous battle. From then on, the Seljuk Turk forces withdrew from the area north of the Amu Darya River, and the West Black Khan Dynasty became a vassal of the Western Liao Dynasty. The younger brother of King Ma Hemu is King Khan. After
, Yelu Dashi sent troops to Khwarazim (Kharazi is located in the northwest of the West Black Khanate, and occupies the Caspian Sea, the southern bank of the Aral Sea, and the Syr River and other areas), forcing him to submit to Xiliao.
Since it was the period of the Crusade, the Battle of Katwan had a huge influence in the history of Central Asia and even the West. After that, it was widely spread in the Middle East that a king John who believed in Christ from the East defeated the Caliph. The legendary King John is currently generally believed by Western historians to refer to the Yelu Dashi in Xiliao. The Battle of Katwan made the Khitan people famous in Central Asia and the West, and even now in Central Asia and Russia, it is still popular to call China "Khitan".
A generation of hero Yelu Dashi eventually became a great cause and died in 1143 AD.
Yelv Dashi, is a cultural disseminator at the same time, bringing Han and Khitan culture to Central Asia. He is a figure that cannot be forgotten.
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