Cai Yuanpei, even those who are not familiar with history, must have heard his name. As a pioneer of China’s educational revolution, Cai Yuanpei made significant contributions to the reform of Chinese education and cultivated generations of students with advanced ideas. Mao Zedong The chairman commented that he was "an academic leader and a role model in the world." He was such a highly respected leader, but when he was 65 years old, he was slapped in the face by a female student. What was the reason that caused the student to be slapped in public? Teacher, the teacher didn’t complain and kept trying to excuse her?
Like and follow string beans, this will give you the answer!
Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang in 1868. Cai Yuanpei has been extremely intelligent since he was a child. Unlike the young children who play in the fields and alleys all day long, Cai Yuanpei has a great interest in reading. He won the Jinshi at the age of 25 and began to enter the Chinese literary and political circles. Cai Yuanpei was eclectic in his thoughts, worried about the country and the people, and often petitioned for the people. Cai Yuanpei's life, as expected, would have been a scholar-bureaucrat in the Manchu Qing Dynasty and he would have struggled throughout his life. However, in turbulent times, the situation is changing.
The Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed
In 1894, the " Sino-Japanese War" broke out. China suffered a disastrous defeat and the Beiyang Navy was annihilated. The Qing government signed the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" that was humiliating and humiliating the country. This war gave Cai Yuanpei a wake-up call, He deeply realized that the current policies were closed-door and decadent, began to identify with the reform reforms of Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, realized the importance and urgency of contact with advanced Western ideas, and began to accept the advanced "democracy" of the Western world. "Study with "science" and think about how to achieve a comprehensive understanding based on the current national conditions. However, how could he shake the huge and empty Qing government by himself?
In 1904, after several attempts to "save the country" to no avail, Cai Yuanpei had to admit feebly - feudalism and ignorance have been deeply rooted in the land of China. Only democracy and freedom can save the working people and save the Chinese nation! At this point, Cai Yuanpei began to engage in anti-feudal activities, and in the same year he secretly organized the Restoration Association in Shanghai.
Liberation Society
In 11905, Cai Yuanpei's Liberation Society thought coincided with Sun Yat-sen's purpose, and the Liberation Society merged into Tongmenghui .
In 1907, the 40-year-old Cai Yuanpei felt that there was no progress except feudal dross, and that politics and revolution were not his strengths. He resolutely resigned from his important position in the Tongmenghui and traveled across the ocean to Germany in search of national self-rescue and ideological liberation. Methods. During the four years he stayed in Germany, Cai Yuanpei truly got close to, understood, understood, and mastered advanced Western ideas and knowledge. Cai Yuanpei truly achieved a comprehensive understanding and summarized a set of plans suitable for Chinese education.
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, overthrowing China's two thousand years of feudal autocratic monarchy. At the urging of Chen Qimei, a veteran of the Kuomintang and a close friend, Cai Yuanpei returned to China.
In 1912, Cai Yuanpei served as the Director-General of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government. During his tenure as Director of the Education Bureau, Cai Yuanpei fully displayed his talents in educational work. Cai Yuanpei proposed for the first time that China should learn from the advanced education system of Western democracy, freedom and inclusiveness, break dogmatism , and take the essence of traditional culture and discard the dross. It has made great contributions to cultivating a group of new ideological talents in China.
Chen Duxiu
In 1916, Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University, and he was even more determined to improve China's education! Therefore, Cai Yuanpei carried out ideological and cultural reforms in Chinese education with Peking University as the center, and eventually established Peking University which influenced the entire Republic of China and even the ideological liberation of the entire nation. At that time, Chen Duxiu organized " New Youth " in Shanghai, which influenced the ideological enlightenment of many Chinese people. Cai Yuanpei was shocked when he saw it and thought that Peking University needed such talents! He visited the thatched cottage three times and invited Chen Duxiu to serve as dean of liberal arts at Peking University, entrusting him with full authority for the ideological reform and education of Peking University and the entire nation.
In 1923, Cai Yuanpei resigned angrily because he was dissatisfied with the behavior of Minister of Education Peng Yunyi that undermined the rule of law. From 1927, he went south to serve as the dean of Chiang Kai-shek Nanjing National Government College, the Minister of Justice and the Supervisory Yuan. During his tenure in the Nanjing government, Cai Yuanpei still cared about his family and country. When Chiang Kai-shek carried out encirclement and suppression of the Communist Party and indiscriminate killings, he stood up and called on many times: the Kuomintang authorities should inherit Sun Yat-sen's noble personality, convince people with virtue, and stop indiscriminate killings. However, a literati's cry in the face of brutal rule seemed so powerless. In this way, Mr. Cai angrily resigned from all positions in the National Government after discovering that he could not organize Chiang Kai-shek's bloody rule. He was just blocked from getting out, but he still had no choice. No longer took a vacant position in the education department, and from then on he became concerned about the nation's cultural education and scientific and technological work.
Zhang Xueliang
On September 18, 1931, in Shenyang, the Japanese Kwantung Army blew up the South Manchuria Railway built by Tsarist Russia and blamed it on our army. They used this as an excuse to launch an attack on my country's Shenyang Beida Camp. bombing. At that time, it was Zhang Xueliang's troops who guarded the Peking University Camp. In the face of the provocation of the Japanese army, Zhang Xueliang implemented the " non-resistance policy"! In this way, the Japanese army only used 300 people to annihilate the 8,000 defenders of Beida Camp! Having broken through the country's gate so easily, the Japanese army took advantage of the victory and launched a more violent attack. Zhang Xueliang took the opportunity to retreat to Jinzhou . At this time, the Nationalist Government called Zhang Xueliang: "No matter what, we must actively resist." However, Zhang Xueliang once again suppressed the government order and continued to implement the "non-resistance policy." In this way, in less than half a year, the Japanese army easily took over the power of the entire three northeastern provinces. This result shocked the whole country, and demonstrations were held in various places to denounce the National Government's "non-resistance policy" and allow Japan to return the three northeastern provinces.
After the news of the fall of the three northeastern provinces reached Peking , it aroused indignation from all walks of life. Of course, it was also spread to Peking student Xue Xun. Xue Xun, whose real name was Xue Shengyu, was born in Kaifeng City, Henan Province in 1910. His family was poor. His parents died when he was 15 years old, and he has since become an orphan. Later, he was admitted to a local high school with excellent results, but because he had no money to pay tuition, Xue Xun had to drop out of school and work as a teacher in a primary school for children of a flour mill.
In 1927, Xue Xun was admitted to Beijing National Women's University, but once again delayed her studies because she had no money to pay tuition, and was ordered to suspend classes. In 1929, Xue Xun worked hard and was admitted to the School of Art of Peking University. In order not to make the same mistake again, she could only study while working. With the spread of new cultural ideas, Xue Xun read a large number of books about the Communist Party of China during his school days, and was deeply influenced by the progressive ideas in them. Later, he became a member of the Communist Party of China as he wished. heard the news of the fall of the three eastern provinces At that time, Xue Xun had only joined the Communist Party for less than a year.
On December 7, 1931, an angry Xue Xun organized more than 2,000 students from Peking to Nanjing to demand an explanation from the Nationalist Government! With so many people wanting to get to Nanjing quickly from Peiping, the best way is to take the train, but they are all poor students with neither money nor weapons , so they went to the train station to discuss, but there was no reply from the train station, and they were helpless. Next, Xue Xun came up with a way. She raised her arms and shouted, pulled the students and laid them down on the track, in order to force the train station to allow them to board the train.
In this way, after more than 2,000 students slept on the train tracks for three days, the train station finally allowed them to take the train south. This is the famous "Southbound Movement."
After arriving in Nanjing, the students immediately divided into two factions. One was the petition group responsible for playing bad faces, and the other was the demonstration group that pressured the National Government and played bad faces. As the initiator, Xue Xun voluntarily took on the leadership of the thankless "demonstration group", leading a large force to demonstrate while blocking doors and applying pressure. Under the "force" of the demonstration group, the petition group He was quickly received by the Nanjing government and an agreement was quickly reached.
However, Xue Xunzheng, who was late in receiving the message, led the demonstration group and stormed into the central government building with passion. I bumped into the leaders of the National Government who were having a meeting. Chiang Kai-shek, who had caused massive public outrage and the southward movement because of his policy of non-resistance and suppression of communism, was making a resignation report in the building at this time. Worried. The leaders at the conference were so frightened by the sudden appearance of students that none of them dared to show up.
The leaders of the National Government are difficult to invite, let alone offended. Who can be invited to resolve this matter? Everyone's attention fell on Mr. Cai Yuanpei, who had taken an empty post. In this way, Cai Yuanpei was pushed out for unknown reasons and was assigned a commander Chen Mingshu to be responsible for suppressing the student demonstrations.
Mr. Cai was already 65 years old at this time. He maintained his scholarly character and had been studying education all his life. Naturally, he did not want to conflict with the students, so Chen Mingshu engaged in a verbal debate with the students of the demonstration group. Chen Mingshu was a martial artist at first. No matter how hard he could argue with Xue Xun, he was defeated in just a few words.
Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei looked at these young children. He knew that it was not easy to study in this era, but he did not use studying to change the destiny of the country. Instead, he went to the streets to demonstrate and did such useless and crude actions. thought of how busy he had been. After ten years of education, as a teacher, I just feel sad when I look at these angry students. The children don't study well, but they are demonstrating here. This is a dereliction of duty in the national education!
Therefore, he did not want to argue with Xue Xun about winning or losing, but from a more rational perspective, advised earnestly: "As students, the most important task at the moment is to study hard. Reading is the only way to change the status quo. It's a shame that you're delaying your studies like this!" But the students who were so angry couldn't listen to Cai Yuanpei's words. Not only that, someone also hit Cai Yuanpei on the head with a wooden stick, and Chen Mingshu was also beaten. Knocked to the ground.
Xue Xun
At this time, Xue Xun, the leader, rushed to Cai Yuanpei out of control and gave him a loud slap in the face. The scene became even more chaotic. The police had to shoot in the air to express their warning. As soon as the gunfire rang out, the demonstrators Thinking that the police were going to arrest them, several people swarmed over and took Cai Yuanpei hostage. Cai Yuanpei did not hold grudges, but was afraid that the students would be injured during the tug. "
But his voice was drowned in the chaos and ignored. Afterwards, the students dragged Cai Yuanpei out the door making noisy. Cai Yuanpei was old and frail and had no intention of fighting with the students. Only after they dragged him to the suburbs did the police rescue Cai Yuanpei. After , Xue Xun was arrested by the police, but due to the strong will of the students to demand the release of Xue Xun, Cai Yuanpei also interceded. In order to avoid another conflict, the police quickly released Xue Xun.
Many years later, Cai Gong talked about this experience with no resentment, but only deep powerlessness. He blamed himself very much and said: "The young people here today are so rude. It is really because we, the educators, have failed to work hard." Result! ”
After the “Southward Movement”, Xue Xun returned to Peiping as the Minister of Women and officially entered the daily work of a member of the Communist Party of China. After the founding of New China, Xue Xun, who was very motivated and capable, was appointed to important positions such as deputy secretary of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Once she went to report her work to Chairman Mao. After the report, she chatted with the Chairman about her past experiences. Chairman Mao repeatedly praised: "You are a hero among women!" However, when she thought of Xue Xun, who impulsively beat Cai Gong, every time When talking about this incident, he was ashamed and could never forgive himself. After that, Xue Xun often reflected on himself and told himself not to let his emotions influence his judgment no matter what he did.
In the early days of liberation, Xue Xun made great contributions to the economic construction of Hebei Province. She herself was honest, honest, pragmatic and responsible. In addition, although her life was not rich, she still shouldered the custody of the five children left by her deceased brother without any complaints and devoted herself to it, which shows that she values love and justice. In September 1978, 68-year-old Xue Xun died in Beijing and was buried in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
In that era of turmoil and chaos, internal and external troubles, it was difficult for any Chinese to remain calm and look at the fact that the country was given away. What's more, at that time, Xue Xun was just a female student who was full of patriotic enthusiasm but felt powerless to change the current situation. Her indignation and impulsive behavior expressed the anger of Chinese youth against the Nationalist Government's inaction.
During the conflict, she slapped Mr. Cai Yuanpei in anger, but Mr. Cai did not blame her at all. Instead, he was deeply saddened by the students' behavior and failed to let the students study well in school. Running around for the sake of the country is his fault and the fault of the national education. Cai Yuanpei and Xue Xun, two completely different people, but with the same patriotic heart, deeply apologize to each other! At the same time, he worked harder to advocate for the country and emancipate his mind. He was worthy of anyone!
