"Sushen" is an ethnic minority recorded in pre-Qin classics and is also synonymous with extremely remote places in the east. It can be seen from the location that "Sushen" was not within the control of the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties.

"Sushen" is an ethnic minority recorded in pre-Qin classics and is also synonymous with extremely remote places in the east. Their activity area was roughly located in today's Changbai Mountains. It can be seen from the location that "Sushen" was not within the control of the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties. However, "Sushen" established contact with the Central Plains Dynasty quite early. According to legend, Sushen had established contact with the Central Plains dynasty as early as the Shun and Yu era. When King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty , Su Shen also paid tribute to the Western Zhou emperor with a weapon called "楛(hù) Arrow Stone Ni". According to the research of historians: arrows are arrow shafts made of oak or birch wood from the Changbai Mountains; stone arrows are arrowheads ground with hard bluestone from the Songhua River. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty had entered the Bronze Age. The weapon "楛(hù) Arrow Stone Ni" showed from the side that the living standard of Sushen, a fishing and hunting nation, was not very high. It is precisely for this reason that the Sushen people and the descendants of the Sushen people have long been included in the historical records of the Central Plains as marginalized members of the Han civilization. This situation changed until the Jurchens, descendants of the Sushen people, entered the stage of history in the 11th century AD.

Historical records record that after the rise of the Jurchens, they first spent eight years conquering the vast Khitan Empire, and then sent their troops southward. In just two winters and summers, they drove the Zhao and Song dynasties, which were the only economically and culturally unparalleled in East Asia, to The Huaihe River and are south of the Qinling Mountains . From the perspective of subsequent history, the Jurchens who plundered almost all the Northern Song Dynasty royal family to the north were much more hostile to the Zhao and Song dynasty who settled in the south of the Yangtze River than the Liao Dynasty royal family who fled to Central Asia, so much so that they did not hesitate to go to the opposite side. In the Jianghuai area where cavalry operations are extremely unfavorable, "searching mountains and seas" also wanted to capture Zhao Gou. However, with the rise of new generals Han Shizhong , Wu Jie , Yue Fei in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the intensification of the bloody political struggle among the top leaders of the Jin Kingdom, the Jurchens' military front was soon blocked. Dasanguan to the Huaihe River area. So, have the Jurchens given up the idea of ​​invading the south? the answer is negative.

In fact, not only the Jurchens were always thinking about the southern invasion, but the Zhao and Song Dynasties were also worried about the fall of their homeland. In this regard, the southern invasion of the fourth generation emperor of the Jin Dynasty, Wanyan Liang of Hailing King, and the Longxing Northern Expedition of the Song Dynasty hosted by Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty can be said to be the best footnotes. Therefore, no matter how the two countries finalize the content of the peace agreement, the two sides always maintain a certain number of troops on the border.

To a certain extent, due to the disparity in combat effectiveness, the Song Army has more defensive power than the Jin people. We know that the Southern Song Dynasty was the first dynasty in China's history to fully implement the military recruitment system. It was different from the Sui and Tang Dynasty military systems that "were usually engaged in agricultural production, participated in wars, and spent our own money to prepare food, weapons and other equipment." The Southern Song Dynasty All expenses for soldiers, including food, are borne by the government. Searching historical data, from the end of the Longxing Northern Expedition hosted by Song Xiaozong to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty military strength remained at around 600,000 people all year round. The military expenditure of these 600,000 soldiers was quite overwhelming for the Southern Song government, which lost 1/3 of its land area. In this regard, the great scholar Zhu Xi commented: "Wealth comes out in the tens of millions every year, but the cost of raising troops is 80%." Therefore, in order to relieve financial pressure, the Southern Song Dynasty focused on foreign trade, especially foreign trade. Quanzhou Port was opened only in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

This port is located at the estuary of Jinjiang. The first is very close to the main sea channel, and the two can conveniently collect and distribute various natural resources in Fujian and Fujian's adjacent provinces. For example, porcelain fired by Dehua , Jinjiang, Tong'an, Anxi and Zhejiang Chuzhou used the waterway of Jinjiang to be transported to Quanzhou Port for distribution, and it has long been the top exporter of Quanzhou's foreign trade. Furthermore, Quanzhou Port has many deep-water ports such as Houzhu Port , which can also accommodate hundreds of large-scale ships.In the future, the Southern Song Dynasty court was able to collect taxes from Quanzhou Port equivalent to 1/20 of the national treasury's annual revenue. Quanzhou's geographical environment played a big role. More importantly, from the perspective of the international environment, Quanzhou Port has encountered unprecedented development opportunities, that is, Arab countries still have influence on the world.

According to records, Muhammad, the founder of Islam , was born in the Quraysh tribe who was engaged in business. He emphasized many times in his preaching that engaging in business is a sign of respect for Allah. In Islam's "Quran Quran ", business ethics and business activities are also mentioned many times. Since Islamic culture approves of doing business, this kind of value has a profound influence on Arabs. So, what role did the Arabs play in maritime trade? Answer: The intermediary who makes the difference. According to reports, in the Sahara Desert in Africa, Arab merchants opened up a trade route, linking Lake Chad in central Africa with the Mediterranean Sea and European trade. In Europe, Arab merchants usually transport commodities from Eastern countries to the Mediterranean coast, such as Alexandria, Damascus, Farma and other cities, and then resell them to Italian merchants for export to and Western Europe .

At that time, the most popular products sold by Arab merchants to Europeans were spices from Southeast Asia and South Asia, and their prices were the same as gold. It can be said that Arab merchants almost monopolized the spice trade in the world at that time. It is precisely for this reason that when Europeans opened up new shipping routes, one of the major motivations for their continuous exploration was expensive spices. It was precisely because of the huge profits from the spice business that the Quanzhou Pu family, whose ancestors were Arabs, grew into a wealthy businessman.

According to the "Gaocheng Order Dong Wenbing's Legacy Monument", the Pu family had a fortune of tens of millions and thousands of children. Even the son-in-law of the Pu family is extremely wealthy. He owns eighty sea-going ships, which are "like a giant house, with sails like clouds hanging from the sky, a rudder several feet long, hundreds of people in a boat, and a year's worth of food." . According to historical records, the Pu family, which owned such a large fleet of ships, once repelled a large number of pirates that invaded Quanzhou. Armed with enough force to protect one side, and financial resources the most powerful in Southeast Asia, the Pu family headed by Pu Shougeng soon gained the favor of the Southern Song Dynasty court. About Song Lizong Chunyou's fifth year, Pu Shougeng was appointed as Quanzhou City The ship envoy became the person in charge of Quanzhou's foreign trade. In the next thirty years, Pu Shougeng continued to be promoted, gaining more and more power and strength. In the first year of Jingyan, Duanzong of the Song Dynasty, , the ruler of the Southern Song Dynasty awarded Pu Shougeng the title of "Envoy to Fujian and Guangdong, Chief Shipping Officer".

It can be seen from the reign name of Duanzong of the Song Dynasty that Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, had been captured by the Yuan army at this time. The exiled court headed by Duanzong awarded Pu Shougeng this official title more because he hoped that he would continue to be loyal to himself. As historians say, "Although Mongolia is good at land warfare, its naval forces are really inferior to that of the Song Dynasty. Shougeng is old at sea and has many ships. Once he is demoted to the Yuan Dynasty, it will be enough to help the Yuan Dynasty in the southern expedition, which will be a great benefit to the Yuan Dynasty and to the Yuan Dynasty." Song Zhi's fatal injury." However, Pu Shougeng ultimately betrayed the Song Dynasty based on his own interests.

Historical records indicate that the trigger for Pu Shougeng's rebellion was the military commander of the exiled Southern Song Dynasty Zhang Shijie who forcibly requisitioned more than 2,000 ships belonging to the Pu family and a large amount of cargo along with them. Originally, during ancient wars, it was very common for the army to requisition civilian supplies. When an ordinary businessman encounters someone, their first reaction is to be submissive. However, this time Zhang Shijie faced an official and businessman with heavy troops and ulterior motives. At the same time, behind Pu Shougeng, there was also the support of Xia Jing, commander of the Quanzhou Left Army. Therefore, Zhang Shijie's forced conquest met with strong resistance from Pu Shougeng. "Shougeng furiously killed all the clan members, scholar-bureaucrats and Huai soldiers who were in Quanzhou." Duanzong was unable to gain a foothold in Quanzhou and had to go into exile at sea again. Pu Shougeng surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty in December of that year. In July of the following year, he was awarded the title of Military Recruiting Envoy Min Guangda by the Yuan Dynasty. As a result, Quanzhou became the naval base where the Yuan Empire finally defeated the Southern Song Dynasty's exiled court.Pu Shougeng relied on this certificate to gain the favor of Yuan Ting again.

htmlIn 11281, Kublai Khan issued an edict to canonize Mazu. The person who was ordered to do the canonization was Pu Shougeng's son, Pu Shiwen, from Fujian Province. However, the Pu family's heyday did not last long. During the rotation of the throne in the Yuan Dynasty, the Pu family quickly lost power. Soon after, they were killed because of the competition with the Yuan court's dignitaries, and their descendants were scattered. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang issued a stern edict out of hatred for Pu Shougeng for abandoning the Song Dynasty and surrendering to the Yuan Dynasty: "No one with the surname Pu is allowed to study or become an official."