The system of "numbering the tomb as a mausoleum" was pioneered by Tang Zhongzong Li Xian. It was a very special funeral system for the royal family during the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It has two meanings: first, the tomb is called a mausoleum, not a tomb; second, the tomb and funerary objects are treated according to the imperial level. However, in the Tang Dynasty , the system of "numbering tombs as mausoleums" was implemented for a very short time. Only the tomb of Prince Yide Li Chongrun and the tomb of Princess Yongtai Li Xianhui were built according to this system, and they were named after "halberds". The number reflects the status of the tomb owner. Li Chongrun has 46, and Li Xianhui has 16. Later, Li Xian's daughter Princess Anle wanted to apply for the same treatment for her husband Wu Chongxun , but she gave up due to strong opposition from the ministers, and the system of "numbering tombs as mausoleums" was discontinued.
"The tomb numbered as a mausoleum" strongly reflects the political restoration of the Li Group. Li Xian used the move of the tomb to rehabilitate his family members who were unjustly killed by Wu Zetian , and at the same time further suppressed the Wu family's forces. Its existence has The strong political background is Li Xian's silent counterattack and declaration of victory against his mother Wu Zetian.
So who are Li Chongrun and Li Xianhui? With so many members of the Li family who were killed by Wu Zetian, why were they the only ones to receive the treatment of "numbering their tombs as mausoleums"? First, let’s take a brief look at Tang Zhongzong Li Xian.
Li Chongrun stills
The cowardly emperor Li Xian
If there was a list of cowardly emperors in Chinese history, Li Xian would definitely be on the list. He was the seventh son of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi. He and his younger brother Li Dan became the emperors twice in the history of the Tang Dynasty, and were known as the "Liuwei Emperor Pill" by later generations. All this is due to their strong mother Wu Zetian.
Originally, Li Xian was not qualified to be emperor. He was the seventh eldest, weak by nature and mediocre in ability. After the death of his brothers Li Hong and Li Xian, he was selected by his mother Wu Zetian and made the prince, and succeeded to the throne in 683 AD. Although he was the emperor at that time, the government was controlled by the Empress Dowager Wu Zetian and he had no authority at all. As soon as he showed signs of being disobedient and prepared to build up his own power, he wanted to promote Empress Wei's father Wei Xuanzhen to the position of Shizhong (prime minister), but he was deposed by Wu Zetian and demoted to King of Luling. He was under house arrest in Junzhou and Fangzhou for 14 years and experienced all the hardships in the world.
In 698 AD, Wu Zetian was old and frail, so she followed the advice of Di Renjie and others to welcome Li Xian back to Luoyang and reinstated him as the crown prince. After that, he kept a low profile and tried his best to improve his relationship with the Wu family to consolidate his position as prince. Therefore, he married his daughter Princess Yongtai to Wu Zetian's grandnephew Wu Yanji , and his youngest daughter Princess Anle to Wu Chongxun (becoming Wu Sansi daughter-in-law). In 705 AD, Zhang Jianzhi and others took advantage of Wu Zetian's serious illness to launch the Shenlong coup and forced Wu Zetian to abdicate, so Li Xian proclaimed himself emperor for the second time. Shortly after proclaiming himself emperor, Wu Zetian died of illness, and he was finally liberated from his mother's high pressure and began a series of revenge actions. It was against this background that "renaming the tomb as a mausoleum" was introduced.
Li Xian stills
html Tomb No. 1 is the mausoleum
In 682 AD, Li Xian was still the prince, and his eldest son Li Chongrun was born. In order to express his joy, his grandfather Tang Gaozong changed the reign name to Yongchun, and for the first time, he changed the name of the infant to Yongchun. He was established as the emperor's grandson, and even planned to open a government office and set up officials for Li Chongrun. "Old Book of Tang" says that Li Chongrun "is handsome and handsome, and has long been known as a filial friend". " New Book of Tang Dynasty" also records that "he has a beautiful appearance and is known as filial piety", which shows that he is indeed dignified in appearance. , he is also known as a scholar, and his grandfather loves him very much, so his future is bright.
Li Xianhui was born in 684 AD and was Li Xian's seventh daughter. She is beautiful, dignified and elegant. "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" describes her as "making peach and plum blossoms inferior to them". She was very intelligent and knowledgeable, and Li Xian loved her very much.After Li Xian was established as crown prince, Li Xianhui was granted the title Princess Yongtai in 700 AD and married Wu Yanji, the son of Wu Chengsi.
If it had not been for an incident in 701 AD, Li Chongrun might have become a wise emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Xianhui might have lived a prosperous and wealthy life. In her later years, Wu Zetian was extremely fond of Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Zongchang, and all major matters and minor affairs were basically handled by these two people. This caused a lot of discussion in the court. Of course, this discussion was behind Wu Zetian's back. After all, no one wanted to lose their head. One day, Li Chongrun, his sister Princess Yongtai, and his brother-in-law Wu Yanji were also discussing in private. Unfortunately, they were framed and all three of them were executed by Wu Zetianxia. History records that Li Xianhui was pregnant when she died.
As for how Li Chongrun was executed, historical records have different opinions. "New Book of Tang Dynasty. Biography of Li Chongrun" says "In Dazu, Zhang Yizhi's brother was lucky enough to be Empress Wu, or he secretly discussed it with his daughter-in-law Yongtai Princess Yongtai and his son-in-law. , Hou was angry and killed him with a rod. ", "Old Book of Tang Dynasty. Biography of Zhang Xingcheng" records "When the Spring and Autumn Period was high, the brothers of Yi were dictatorial. King Shao Chongrun secretly discussed with Princess Yongtai, and they were all offended and hanged to death. , "Zi "Zhi Tongjian" is another saying "In September, Renshen and the Queen Mother were all forced to commit suicide.". But no matter how they died, Li Chongrun's brother and sister were indeed executed on the order of their own grandmother. At that time, Li Chongrun was only 19 years old and Li Xianhui was only 17 years old.
Li Xianhui stills
Although Li Xian is mediocre, it does not mean that he has no love and hatred. His beloved son and beloved daughter were executed. One can imagine his inner anger towards the Wu Group, but at that time he was frightened by his mother's despotic power and did not dare to explode. . After he came to power, although he did not fuck his mother to the end because of his filial piety, he still respected her as the "Queen of the Great Sage Zetian" (later revised several times and designated as "The Holy Queen of Zetianshun"), but he suppressed the Wu Group vigorously. , demoted Wei Chengqing , exiled Fang Rong, and deposed Yao Yuanzhi, Wu Sansi, and Wu Youji (later, Wu Sansi and others got up again with the help of Empress Wei). In 706 AD, the second year after Li Xian proclaimed himself emperor again, he posthumously named his brother Li Xian as Prince Zhanghuai, his eldest son Li Chongrun as Prince Yide, and his daughter Li Xianhui as Princess Yongtai. At the same time, a ghost marriage was held for Li Chongrun, and the deceased daughter of Pei Cui, the eunuch of the Imperial Academy, was made his wife. Li Chongrun's tomb was moved to Qianling , the tomb was changed into a mausoleum, and the two were buried together. The tomb of Princess Yongtai was also buried with the Qianling Mausoleum and was reburied with ceremony. She was the only princess in Chinese history whose tomb was titled "Ling". Her specifications were the same as those of the emperor, but she had a few less halberds than her brother.
Wu Zetian stills
Conclusion
"The tomb is a mausoleum" is when Li Xian, as the emperor, declared his inner anger to his mother Wu Zetian. It was a silent counterattack against being suppressed by Wu Zetian for a long time, and he told the world with the attitude of a winner. Li Tang returned to his country! However, after all, Li Xian did not have the talent of an emperor, and was soon dominated by his wife, Queen Wei. Not only did he act as their thug against Li Tang's loyal minister Zhang Jianzhi and others, but he also died inexplicably in the palace just a few years later. The original "numbering the tomb as a mausoleum" just adds to the laughter of his mediocrity and incompetence! After he became emperor, he did nothing politically and lived a useless life. The "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" evaluated him as "Gou Fei is a talented person who can succeed in the world". If it weren't for Li's Li Longji, It is unknown whether the history of the Tang Dynasty will end at this point.
Search for bits and pieces of history and understand the ups and downs of China's five thousand years of history together!
