There is a small country in the Balkan Peninsula. A war in 1999 made this place under the jurisdiction of the United Nations. In 2008, it declared independence. So far, European and American countries think it is reasonable, but China and Russia still do not recognize its sovereignty.
This is a multi-ethnic area. Different customs and religious beliefs have also made the area unstable. Ethnic conflicts have become increasingly acute in daily frictions, and this area is Kosovo .
Kosovo was originally a province in Serbia with a high degree of autonomous power. In Serbian , it means the land of the blackbird.
Historically, Kosovo has long been a province of Serbia and has many connections with Serbia.
The struggle on this land has been continuous throughout the ages, eventually leading to Kosovo's declaration of independence.
Why is it that there is only more than 10,000 square kilometers of land, but it is full of bloodshed?
The independence of Kosovo has a great relationship with the ethnic conflicts between Albanians and the Serbs.
In the population structure of Kosovo, Albanians account for 90%.
In the 4th to 5th centuries BC, there were more than 40 tribes living in Kosovo. In order to survive, tribes often had conflicts of various sizes.
The Ikoli Trace nomadic tribe is considered to be the ancestor of the Albanians.
html From the end of the 26th century to the beginning of the 7th century, some Slavic residents living in the northern Balkan Peninsula moved south and crossed the Danube .
The Slavs who recuperated in the Balkan Peninsula built castles, opened up manors, and engaged in farming.
The Illyrians who originally lived here were also driven to the hills and mountains by the outside Slavs.
In the 9th century AD, the Serbian people who moved south established Serbia on the original nomadic land of the Illyri people.
So the ethnic conflicts between Albanians and Serbs actually have a long historical origin.
After the Serbs established their own country, the monarchs believed that by ruling Kosovo they had occupied the Balkans.
As a result, successive monarchs were committed to incorporating Kosovo into their own national territory and constantly expanding their territory.
The Slavs who moved south also brought their own customs and habits and began to assimilate the Illyrian people who were originally here.
In 1170, Serbia went to war with Byzantium and won the war.
After that, the obstacles for the Serbians to assimilate the indigenous residents disappeared, and the customs were gradually accepted by the locals.
At that time, the Albanians had been driven to some high mountain areas, but they would still spend Christmas with the Serbs.
html In the 112th century, Serbia occupied the Kosovo region, and Kosovo officially came under Serbian jurisdiction.In addition to the original conflicts between the two ethnic groups, other forces are also eyeing this region, exacerbating the instability in Kosovo.
The geographical location of the Balkan Peninsula is extremely advantageous, located near the junction of the three major states of Asia, Europe and Africa.
Mediterranean Sea , Black Sea , Aegean Sea In the south, the coastline is winding, there are many ports, and the marine resources are extremely rich.
To the north flows the Danube River and a tributary the Sava River , which is very convenient for both sea and land shipping.
is in a key position at the junction of three continents, and its strategic significance is self-evident. It can advance, attack, retreat and defend.
Therefore, the monarchs of European countries have always regarded the Balkan Peninsula as a battleground for military strategists.
The Balkan Peninsula also has another nickname, called a powder keg.
In the 13th century, the Ottoman Turkish Empire was eyeing Serbia on the Balkan Peninsula.
On June 15, 1389, Prince Rachar led his own army and went to war with Sultan Murad I in the wilderness of Kosovo.
Serbian noble Milos carried out the assassination plan, disguised as Turkish soldiers, and successfully sneaked into the Sudanese camp.
Murad I fell under Milosh's dagger, which made Murad I's son Bayezid extremely angry.
After Bayezid quelled the internal commotion, he led the army to defeat the Serbian soldiers.
Serbia also became a subsidiary country of the Turkish Empire due to this war and needed to pay tribute every year.
Kosovo's original stable situation was gradually broken. The Ottoman and the Austro-Hungarian Empire reached an agreement to delimit their sphere of influence on the Balkan Peninsula.
The oppression of the two empires caused the residents of Kosovo to bear heavy taxes and their lives were miserable.
At that time, because the Serbian nobles assassinated Murad I, Bayezid did not tolerate the Serbians to continue to live and work in peace and contentment. Instead, he adopted a series of thunderous means and brutally killed many Serbian nobles.
The south was ruled by the Ottoman Empire , and life The Serbs here chose to flee to the north, the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The population flow in Kosovo has also become violent. After the Serbs chose to flee in large numbers, the Albanians chose to return to their familiar land.
The Ottoman Empire was originally a multi-ethnic country. In order to unify management, the monarch took coercive measures. He must believe in Islam ideologically, otherwise he will be regarded as a heretic.
After accepting Serbia, the Ottoman Empire repeated its old tricks and used coercive measures to kill many Albanians who originally believed in Catholicism, forcing all remaining residents to convert to Islam.
Due to different religious beliefs, in the 17th and 18th centuries, 30,000 to 40,000 Serbs who originally lived in Kosovo also chose to leave.
The Serbs moved towards the Christian Church area, and their families moved to Hungary or Croatia.
Albanians have been thriving in Kosovo for hundreds of years. The continuous flight of Serbs has slowly begun to increase the proportion of Albanians in the population that was not originally dominant.
This also promoted the awakening of the national consciousness of the Albanians to a certain extent and gave them a certain degree of independence.
Some modern battles have continuously changed the sovereignty of the Kosovo region, and the Albanians are no longer willing to become vassals of other ethnic groups.
In 1912, the combined armies of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece , and Bulgaria launched an attack on the declining Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire was in its twilight years. After the First Balkan War, Kosovo was again administered by Serbia.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was established in 1918. The Kingdom of SerbiaKing Peter I unified the original Yugoslav countries.
Peter I adopted the constitutional monarchy and awarded many territories to many meritorious nobles in Serbia.
This move intensified ethnic disputes in Kosovo in the 20th century.
After World War I , the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Yugoslavia disappeared.
The Serbian nobles took over the rule of Kosovo and were dissatisfied with the Albanians who originally lived here.
Albanians already occupy an absolute population advantage of nearly 40% in the multi-ethnic Kosovo region.
The Serbian government wants to change this situation and does not want Albanians to dominate the Kosovo region.
Therefore, the Serbian government began to carry out large-scale immigration activities, and also tried to change the long-term living habits of Albanians.
However, the Albanians, who had been separated from Serbian control since the 14th century, more than 500 years later, Serbia wanted to take complete control and forcibly changed their customs, which made the Albanians dissatisfied.
In addition, the Serbs had been treated harshly by the Ottomans before, but the Albanians had always been safe.
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Kosovo, the Serbians transferred their hatred of the Turks to the Albanians.
In Kosovo, Serbian nobles deprived Albanians of their most basic civil rights and drove them away.
Many Albanians had to leave their homes and became the targets of revenge by the Serbian nobles.
The contradiction between the two ethnic groups continued to intensify after a series of incidents, and the Albanians even hated the Serbs to the point of utter hatred.
Moreover, 500,000 Albanians had the idea of independence after the two Balkan wars, but they have never been able to realize it.
During World War II , the sovereignty of Kosovo changed hands several times, and finally returned to the hands of Serbia.
In 1941, Yugoslavia was defeated by the Axis Powers, and Kosovo was also occupied by the "Greater Albania" led by Mussolini .
Hundreds of thousands of Serbians living here had to leave their homes and flee in all directions.
Yugoslavia and the Albanian state led by Mussolini engaged in a protracted battle over the sovereignty of Kosovo.
From the end of 1943 to the beginning of 1944, the State of Albania announced that Kosovo would be included in its territory, but Yugoslavia immediately expressed opposition, and in November 1944, Yugoslavia ended the chaotic situation.
At that time, Yugoslavia was led by Tito , and Kosovo was once again nominally subordinate to Serbia.
However, the Albanians have not given up the idea of fighting for independence. After the end of World War II, they made new moves.
The Axis powers, whose defeat was certain, no longer had the power to govern Kosovo, so the Albanians seized the opportunity.
In February 1945, Albanian rebels established a military government and took control of many real powers in Kosovo.
On March 16, the military government promulgated relevant decrees, prohibiting Serbs and Montenegrins affiliated with Serbia from entering and exiting Kosovo.
The Yugoslav government, which could not sit idly by and ignore the unrest in Kosovo, chose to use armed suppression.
The Albanian’s actions angered the Serbian government. With the huge gap in military strength between the two sides, Serbia only fully took control of the Kosovo region after several wars.
After Serbia pacified Kosovo, it decided to exile the remaining 10,000 Albanian soldiers.
Tens of thousands of Albanians fled into exile again and were expelled to Turkey.
In July 1945, Kosovo held a people's conference and officially incorporated Kosovo into Serbia. The Constitution of Yugoslavia after
also clearly stipulates that Kosovo is a province under Serbian rule.
The dispute over the sovereignty of the Kosovo region has come to an end. It is part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
However, the Serbian government has not taken corresponding measures to ease ethnic conflicts, but has always used force.
Moreover, Albanians account for a certain number of people in Kosovo, but the Serbian government still followed the previous handling method and did not fully grant the Albanian nation personal rights .
In terms of social status in some daily life, Albanians in Kosovo are also obviously different from Serbians and Montenegrins.
As a result, some Albanians began to carry out some actions to split Kosovo.
The Serbian government has zero tolerance for this. The bloody suppression method did eradicate the pro-fascists, but it also laid a lot of troubles.
Ethnic relations, which were already at a freezing point, have become even worse.
Both ethnic groups believe that they are the masters of the Kosovo region, and the powerful Serbs have adopted drastic repressive policies. The Albanians therefore believe that they have been discriminated against and completely unfairly treated.
Due to the long-term war, Kosovo is the poorest economically in Yugoslavia.
After the relevant autonomous provinces were established, in the 1960s, nearly 300,000 Albanians came here to flee.
Although the Serbian government wants to change the status quo of Kosovo being dominated by Albanians, the actual situation is exactly the opposite.
Kosovo, whose blood relationship with Serbia is increasingly weak, is still slowly dominated by Albanians.
In May 1980, Tito, the leader of the Serbian government, passed away, and the Albanians in Kosovo began to be eager to try.
Many Albanians living in Kosovo began to hold demonstrations, and many college students declared their hope to establish the Republic of Kosovo.
Serbia has taken military measures again, many students have been arrested, and curfews have been imposed in Kosovo. Albanians often have physical conflicts with Serbian police, and even use tanks, airplanes, and tear gas.
Subsequently, the disintegration of the Yugoslav Federation gave Kosovo an opportunity.
Faced with the increasingly tense situation in Kosovo, the Serbian government chose to declare its sovereignty by massacring civilians.
html More than 2.8 million residents began to flee, and international organizations cannot sit idly by.
NATO and The Serbian government held negotiations, but the Serbian government later increased its military intensity.
So on March 24, 1999, The Kosovo War broke out, and the Kosovo region was later under the jurisdiction of the United Nations.
Kosovo, which has a high degree of autonomy, declared its sovereignty to the outside world on February 17, 2008.
Britain, France, and the United States recognized their national power and established diplomatic relations, but the Serbian government has always held objections.
my country and Russia do not recognize the sovereignty of the Kosovo region. Although Kosovo was able to participate in the Olympic Games in 2016, it still cannot enter the United Nations.
Kosovo’s independence has its historical origins and irreconcilable ethnic conflicts, but in today’s society, any separatist behavior should be banned.
-End-
Editor丨Books
References
Global Network: "Macedonian President Says Extremists Are Invading and Trying to Subvert the Country"
Northern Network: "Kosovo Declares Independence"
China News Network: "Serbian President Reaffirms that Serbia Will Not Recognize Kosovo Independent》
On June 15, 1389, Prince Rachar led his own army and went to war with Sultan Murad I in the wilderness of Kosovo.
Serbian noble Milos carried out the assassination plan, disguised as Turkish soldiers, and successfully sneaked into the Sudanese camp.
Murad I fell under Milosh's dagger, which made Murad I's son Bayezid extremely angry.
After Bayezid quelled the internal commotion, he led the army to defeat the Serbian soldiers.
Serbia also became a subsidiary country of the Turkish Empire due to this war and needed to pay tribute every year.
Kosovo's original stable situation was gradually broken. The Ottoman and the Austro-Hungarian Empire reached an agreement to delimit their sphere of influence on the Balkan Peninsula.
The oppression of the two empires caused the residents of Kosovo to bear heavy taxes and their lives were miserable.
At that time, because the Serbian nobles assassinated Murad I, Bayezid did not tolerate the Serbians to continue to live and work in peace and contentment. Instead, he adopted a series of thunderous means and brutally killed many Serbian nobles.
The south was ruled by the Ottoman Empire , and life The Serbs here chose to flee to the north, the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The population flow in Kosovo has also become violent. After the Serbs chose to flee in large numbers, the Albanians chose to return to their familiar land.
The Ottoman Empire was originally a multi-ethnic country. In order to unify management, the monarch took coercive measures. He must believe in Islam ideologically, otherwise he will be regarded as a heretic.
After accepting Serbia, the Ottoman Empire repeated its old tricks and used coercive measures to kill many Albanians who originally believed in Catholicism, forcing all remaining residents to convert to Islam.
Due to different religious beliefs, in the 17th and 18th centuries, 30,000 to 40,000 Serbs who originally lived in Kosovo also chose to leave.
The Serbs moved towards the Christian Church area, and their families moved to Hungary or Croatia.
Albanians have been thriving in Kosovo for hundreds of years. The continuous flight of Serbs has slowly begun to increase the proportion of Albanians in the population that was not originally dominant.
This also promoted the awakening of the national consciousness of the Albanians to a certain extent and gave them a certain degree of independence.
Some modern battles have continuously changed the sovereignty of the Kosovo region, and the Albanians are no longer willing to become vassals of other ethnic groups.
In 1912, the combined armies of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece , and Bulgaria launched an attack on the declining Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Empire was in its twilight years. After the First Balkan War, Kosovo was again administered by Serbia.
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was established in 1918. The Kingdom of SerbiaKing Peter I unified the original Yugoslav countries.
Peter I adopted the constitutional monarchy and awarded many territories to many meritorious nobles in Serbia.
This move intensified ethnic disputes in Kosovo in the 20th century.
After World War I , the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Yugoslavia disappeared.
The Serbian nobles took over the rule of Kosovo and were dissatisfied with the Albanians who originally lived here.
Albanians already occupy an absolute population advantage of nearly 40% in the multi-ethnic Kosovo region.
The Serbian government wants to change this situation and does not want Albanians to dominate the Kosovo region.
Therefore, the Serbian government began to carry out large-scale immigration activities, and also tried to change the long-term living habits of Albanians.
However, the Albanians, who had been separated from Serbian control since the 14th century, more than 500 years later, Serbia wanted to take complete control and forcibly changed their customs, which made the Albanians dissatisfied.
In addition, the Serbs had been treated harshly by the Ottomans before, but the Albanians had always been safe.
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire in Kosovo, the Serbians transferred their hatred of the Turks to the Albanians.
In Kosovo, Serbian nobles deprived Albanians of their most basic civil rights and drove them away.
Many Albanians had to leave their homes and became the targets of revenge by the Serbian nobles.
The contradiction between the two ethnic groups continued to intensify after a series of incidents, and the Albanians even hated the Serbs to the point of utter hatred.
Moreover, 500,000 Albanians had the idea of independence after the two Balkan wars, but they have never been able to realize it.
During World War II , the sovereignty of Kosovo changed hands several times, and finally returned to the hands of Serbia.
In 1941, Yugoslavia was defeated by the Axis Powers, and Kosovo was also occupied by the "Greater Albania" led by Mussolini .
Hundreds of thousands of Serbians living here had to leave their homes and flee in all directions.
Yugoslavia and the Albanian state led by Mussolini engaged in a protracted battle over the sovereignty of Kosovo.
From the end of 1943 to the beginning of 1944, the State of Albania announced that Kosovo would be included in its territory, but Yugoslavia immediately expressed opposition, and in November 1944, Yugoslavia ended the chaotic situation.
At that time, Yugoslavia was led by Tito , and Kosovo was once again nominally subordinate to Serbia.
However, the Albanians have not given up the idea of fighting for independence. After the end of World War II, they made new moves.
The Axis powers, whose defeat was certain, no longer had the power to govern Kosovo, so the Albanians seized the opportunity.
In February 1945, Albanian rebels established a military government and took control of many real powers in Kosovo.
On March 16, the military government promulgated relevant decrees, prohibiting Serbs and Montenegrins affiliated with Serbia from entering and exiting Kosovo.
The Yugoslav government, which could not sit idly by and ignore the unrest in Kosovo, chose to use armed suppression.
The Albanian’s actions angered the Serbian government. With the huge gap in military strength between the two sides, Serbia only fully took control of the Kosovo region after several wars.
After Serbia pacified Kosovo, it decided to exile the remaining 10,000 Albanian soldiers.
Tens of thousands of Albanians fled into exile again and were expelled to Turkey.
In July 1945, Kosovo held a people's conference and officially incorporated Kosovo into Serbia. The Constitution of Yugoslavia after
also clearly stipulates that Kosovo is a province under Serbian rule.
The dispute over the sovereignty of the Kosovo region has come to an end. It is part of the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
However, the Serbian government has not taken corresponding measures to ease ethnic conflicts, but has always used force.
Moreover, Albanians account for a certain number of people in Kosovo, but the Serbian government still followed the previous handling method and did not fully grant the Albanian nation personal rights .
In terms of social status in some daily life, Albanians in Kosovo are also obviously different from Serbians and Montenegrins.
As a result, some Albanians began to carry out some actions to split Kosovo.
The Serbian government has zero tolerance for this. The bloody suppression method did eradicate the pro-fascists, but it also laid a lot of troubles.
Ethnic relations, which were already at a freezing point, have become even worse.
Both ethnic groups believe that they are the masters of the Kosovo region, and the powerful Serbs have adopted drastic repressive policies. The Albanians therefore believe that they have been discriminated against and completely unfairly treated.
Due to the long-term war, Kosovo is the poorest economically in Yugoslavia.
After the relevant autonomous provinces were established, in the 1960s, nearly 300,000 Albanians came here to flee.
Although the Serbian government wants to change the status quo of Kosovo being dominated by Albanians, the actual situation is exactly the opposite.
Kosovo, whose blood relationship with Serbia is increasingly weak, is still slowly dominated by Albanians.
In May 1980, Tito, the leader of the Serbian government, passed away, and the Albanians in Kosovo began to be eager to try.
Many Albanians living in Kosovo began to hold demonstrations, and many college students declared their hope to establish the Republic of Kosovo.
Serbia has taken military measures again, many students have been arrested, and curfews have been imposed in Kosovo. Albanians often have physical conflicts with Serbian police, and even use tanks, airplanes, and tear gas.
Subsequently, the disintegration of the Yugoslav Federation gave Kosovo an opportunity.
Faced with the increasingly tense situation in Kosovo, the Serbian government chose to declare its sovereignty by massacring civilians.
html More than 2.8 million residents began to flee, and international organizations cannot sit idly by.
NATO and The Serbian government held negotiations, but the Serbian government later increased its military intensity.
So on March 24, 1999, The Kosovo War broke out, and the Kosovo region was later under the jurisdiction of the United Nations.
Kosovo, which has a high degree of autonomy, declared its sovereignty to the outside world on February 17, 2008.
Britain, France, and the United States recognized their national power and established diplomatic relations, but the Serbian government has always held objections.
my country and Russia do not recognize the sovereignty of the Kosovo region. Although Kosovo was able to participate in the Olympic Games in 2016, it still cannot enter the United Nations.
Kosovo’s independence has its historical origins and irreconcilable ethnic conflicts, but in today’s society, any separatist behavior should be banned.
-End-
Editor丨Books
References
Global Network: "Macedonian President Says Extremists Are Invading and Trying to Subvert the Country"
Northern Network: "Kosovo Declares Independence"
China News Network: "Serbian President Reaffirms that Serbia Will Not Recognize Kosovo Independent》
![Yugoslav wars [1991-1999] - DayDayNews](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3jLhbrqL75Y/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCOADEI4CSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLCEzqkfScpnrARYG4R4ZFFQjyVttA)
