It is said that some people think that Song Gaozong killed Yue Fei well? ｜Wenshi Banquet

文/桓大斯马

Recently read Mr. Yu Yunguo’s "Nandu Monarchs", and read his "Xingmu in the Southern Song Dynasty" before. These two books are very good. To clarify the history of a lot of artificial construction and distortion in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and to have a reliable impression of the characters at that time. These two books can be read together with Liu Zijian's "China Going Inward" and Wang Zengyu's "Landless Song Gaozong", to have a better understanding of the Tang and Song changes and even the changes between the two Songs. Mr. Wang Zengyu’s "Song History Documentary Novel" is a very original restoration of the history between the two Songs. It is also recommended for those who are interested.

In recent years, there have been popular sayings on the Internet such as "Song Gaozong's power to turn the tide", "Yue Fei is the warlord should kill", and "Qin Huizhu is for the welfare of the people". Some people think that they are simply the emperor, and they only look at the problem from the emperor’s perspective, which is neither worth mentioning nor refuting; others are influenced by the distorted historical materials of Song Gaozong and Qin Hui. Thousands of years ago, the treacherous monarchs and evil officials brought the rhythm, and the various twists and turns during the period, Da Sima will clarify in this article.

For most of the history of China, the emperor launched wars to concentrate resources, unify powers, and strengthen power and harm the society. The ministers opposed the war to reduce taxes. , Is conducive to the welfare of the people, this judgment is not a problem. However, specific history requires specific analysis, and labels cannot be rashly labeled. The history of the Southern Song Dynasty is particularly complicated in this respect and requires careful consideration.

At different stages of the confrontation between Song and Jin, the choices of the same group of people will also change. Therefore, one's attitude toward the master of the battle is not the point, but the logic behind his proposition is the point. The main battle may be to seize power through war, or it may be to improve politics; the main battle may be to recuperate, or it may be to harm society more conveniently. Therefore, only by clarifying the specific historical facts rather than taking people based on attitude can we understand Wang Yinglin’s famous saying:

Shaoxing and Longxing, the masters and the people are all villains, and the opening of the Jubilee Villain.

What the hell is Song Gaozong?

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Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong and the ninth brother of Song Qinzong, was revered as "Emperor Guangyao Shousheng Taishang" after the Zen throne, and was eventually named "Zhao Gou of the Song Dynasty". The holy god Wu Wenzhaorenxian filial piety emperor" is generally called "Jiumei", "Wanyan Gou", "Chen Gou". We can start from when he was young and take a look at what kind of role he is.

Zhao Gou ranks ninth among the Huizong sons of the Song Dynasty. His mother Wei Clerk looks mediocre and is not favored. Under normal circumstances, Zhao Gou cannot inherit the throne, and he himself knows Therefore, Zhao Gou in the late Northern Song Dynasty became a Taiping prince with peace of mind in the capital.

But Taiping princes are not all the same. The nine kings, Zhao Gou, are tyrannical and narrow-minded. Being a prince is quite arrogant. He takes pleasure in torturing his servant girls. He declares that he is messy and his reputation is more virtuous. King Zhao Qi is far behind. On the other hand, since Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, the cultural level of the royal family of the Song Dynasty has been very high. Zhao Gou is no exception. He is also smart and has a high political IQ. In addition, violent males are generally good. Zhao Gou is said to be able to fight five with one stone. A hundred catties bow. These two characteristics constitute the tone of his future emperor.

was not favored, so when the Jin army first surrounded Bianjing, Zhao Gou was the first to be used as cannon fodder and was sent to the Jinying camp to negotiate peace. "Song History" said that he had an eye-catching performance in Jinying, and Jin Jiangwu could not be shocked by him. He asked for a new prince, which is totally unreliable, because the eye-catching performance would only make the Jinren detain him. The truth is that Zhao Gou is not good enough, and Jin Ren knows that he is not favored and asks for a change of status.The high King Su Zhao Shu came over.

Jin Jun went south for the second time, Song Qinzong used him as cannon fodder to go to Jinying, but this time he went to Cizhou and was left behind by Song Jinyi and Zongze who was not optimistic about Song Jinyi. Unexpectedly, the city of Bianjing, which was originally hoped to be defended, was attacked by the Jin army because of the Song Huizong father and son messing with the "Liujia magical soldiers". The Song Dynasty’s near branch clan was brought to the north by the Jin people. He was the only one in the Central Plains. Zhao Gooshun was naturally championed as emperor and established the Southern Song Dynasty. This is not to say that Zhao Gou has such a personal charm that led to the world's heart, but that everyone is unwilling to be reconciled to the rule of the golden puppet. If the Song Dynasty is to be revived, there is no other choice but to stand him.

Zhao Gou is essentially a very scary villain

04a#Some friends After the Northern Song Dynasty fell, Song Gaozong was able to revive the Song Dynasty and form a confrontation with the Jinren. Compared with Nanming, he was not a little bit stronger. It can be said that Zhongxing Sheji was able to turn the tide. Although he could not regain the lost ground later, he had done his best. This is a simplistic view of the history of the turn of the Song Dynasty.

When Song Gaozong came to the throne, the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was actually better.

There are several reasons for this. First of all, Song Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty did misbehavior, but compared with the crippling society of the Ming Dynasty for hundreds of years, it is still a lot better, and the rule of the Jin Dynasty is not as good. In the Song Dynasty, it can be said that "people are thinking about Song." This can only be defeated after the Jin Dynasty invaded most cities in the south, and the people's uprisings in the occupied areas can prove that, but the Ming Dynasty has already caused anger and resentment. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it was basically uploaded. It depends. Later, those fierce resistances were aroused by Manchu's frenzied shaving order, otherwise there would not be much resistance.

Secondly, the Jinren is still a military aristocracy, and I didn’t even think about how to deal with the Song Dynasty. Like Wanyan Wuli and Wanyan Zhihan, there was a war of peace, and then Wanyan Tart. Laziness and Wanyan Wushu have a war of war. In addition, the uprisings in the occupied area also trouble the Jin people, so they tend to set up puppets to rule Han, so they set up Zhang Bangchang and Liu Yu, both of them let the puppets. To deal with troubles, just collect the money yourself. This is very different from the fact that the Qing Dynasty has basically completed the centralization of power, and the personal will of the emperor or regent can be unimpeded. If the leader of the Qing Dynasty decides to destroy the Ming, he can mobilize all power.

In the end, although the military system of the Song Dynasty was inefficient, it was very different from the collapse of the military system in the century after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, which could only be rescued by temporary measures. When the Northern Song Dynasty fell, the Song Dynasty was the most elite Although the Western Army suffered heavy losses in the war to aid Tokyo and Taiyuan, the strength still survived, and Guan Long, who had an extremely important strategic position, was still in the hands of the Song Dynasty. In the future, the Western Army's record in Sichuan and Shanxi was also quite impressive. After the Jinren retired, Zongze guarded Bianjing, effectively integrated a large number of defeated soldiers and civilian volunteers, and defeated the harassing Jin Army many times, making Bianjing a solid operation.

At this time, the people really support Zhao Gou, while the rebels of the Jinren occupied the area are rushing, and the occupation is extremely unstable. The Jinren himself has two minds. The situation can be said to be a good one. If Zhao Gou entered Bianjing to command the anti-gold, not to mention completely regaining lost ground, and defending south of the Yellow River, Xutu's recovery is still very possible. However, Zhao Gou famed Gu Zongze's appeal to Tokyo. The young boy had no temperament and fled to Yangzhou. He was drunk and dreamed every day, causing Zongze to die of illness in despair. Before his death, he shouted "cross the river" three times.

I remember the Taihang Mountain with a million, Zeng entered the Zongye to control

The gold man originally helped Zhang Bangchang as a puppet. Collecting the money, now that Zhao Gou has regained control of the Central Plains, he is unwilling to go south again. This time, the Jin army did not rush to occupy the land of the Song Dynasty, but wanted to capture Zhao Gou and break the Zhao family.The root of the royal family, so that your puppet can rule smoothly.

After Zongze’s death, Zhao Gou’s newly appointed Tokyo guard Du Chong did not have the ability and willingness to unite all walks of life, so that Zongze’s integrated and usable soldiers became bandits again and did not support the Hebei Rebels. , Sitting and watching it was annihilated by the Jin army, so Du Chong gave up Bianjing by himself when the Jinren went south again in the third year of Jianyan (1129), leading to the complete fall of the Central Plains. The golden men raided Yangzhou, scared Zhao Gou into impotence, and chased Zhao Gou into the sea by boat.

Because the Jinren had no intention of occupying the Han land, he drove Zhao Go to the sea thinking that he could not do it, so he set up the puppet Liu Yu, and went back after establishing the pseudo-qi. When Zhao Gou returned from voyage, it should be said that he had become mature. He knew that it would be useless if the gold seeker did not come and beat him. He had to have the strength to protect himself and make the gold person jealous. So he began to make a series of measures in the military and politics to clean up the mess. . However, the endgame of was originally caused by Zhao Gou's corrupt and good game, and there is no credit for being able to clean it up.

Is Yue Fei a warlord? Should warlords be killed?

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Because of the good situation, Zhao Gou himself was corrupted, leading to a large number of soldiers going south, forming a million soldiers in the south of the Yangtze River. Although Zhao Gou did not seriously fight against the gold, he still used armaments to conquer and conquer, which led to the rise of the rebels. As well as the threats of the Jinren and the pseudo-qi Liu Yu, Zhao Gou's legitimacy and strength have been greatly affected. Without the need for Dim Sum Jiangshan Sheji and his own life, Zhao Gou began to study seriously how to deal with it.

At this time, the order of the world collapsed for the second time after the Jingkang disaster. Zhao Gou's actual control area is very small and his strength is also very weak. In order to survive, in the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Zhao Gou adopted Fan Zongyin’s suggestion to write a blank check to the military leaders on the border that the court could not control. All commercial taxes except the tax on tea and salt belong to the local military leaders. The fixed numbers handed over to the imperial court are all under the control of the military chief. The military chief can appoint and reward officials from counties in the area under his jurisdiction. The court does not easily appoint or remove military chiefs, and hereditary warfare is also allowed. As a result, the army heads who might have surrendered to the Puppet Qi or had become army thieves were used by Zhao Gou because of the unification of military, political and financial power, and their combat effectiveness was also improved.

But these military chiefs generally manage two or three states, with a small jurisdiction, limited strength and unsatisfactory record. Under the threat of Qiqi and Jinren, Zhao Gou had to find ways to improve Combat effectiveness, foster loyal and reliable generals such as Zhang Jun, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, etc., reduce the interference of civilian officials, encourage them to recruit soldiers and rebels from various places to strengthen their strength, expand their jurisdiction and fix them, and do not easily exchange defense zones. , To Shaoxing four years (1134), eventually formed a pattern of generals commanding troops.

That is to say, whether it is Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Wu Jie, or even Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi, its "warlordization" was originally intended for Zhao Gou to destroy the good game. Firefighting encourages itself. Given that the term "warlord" has become stigmatized, perhaps we can use the term "fan town" instead. So, Fanzhen is not good, should it be killed?

We know that, except for the three towns in Hebei, all the local towns in the Tang Dynasty were set up by the Tang court. Why? It is to quell chaos and need to strengthen local combat effectiveness. The Tang Dynasty was not far from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which had a strong feudal system, and still had such a mind. The vassal towns of the Tang Dynasty did perform well in calming chaos and resisting the small people. The final loss of control of the local vassal in the Tang Dynasty was not because the local power was too strong, but because the center of the Tang Dynasty was rotten.

The same, Local prefectures, counties, and townships are also a huge benefit to the country and society of the Southern Song Dynasty. First of all, the combat power of the generals who have gained full power in their jurisdiction has been greatly increased. Eliminate all army bandits and refugees, and help the Southern Song Dynasty to smooth the civil strife, and in the process, the royal government provided very limited military salary, and most of the funds were raised by the generals through business and other methods. Zhao Gou can enjoy the luxury and waste, and enjoy the people.Secondly, the strengthened generals gradually gained an advantage in the war against the Puppet Qi, and they were able to fight with the Jin Army. Among them, Yue Fei has repeatedly won against the Jin Army, and he is able to resist foreign aggression. Also greatly improved, ensuring the safety of the Southern Song Dynasty regime. In the future, in the Southern Song Dynasty, when the war situation is tense, some areas will be unified, and some vassalization will continue until the end of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, whether it is a vassal or a warlord, it is not a sin.

and Fanzhen also has a particularly important meaning, which is the ability to restrict Zhao Gou's deeds. The power of the place was taken over in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and the restriction on the emperor only exists in the center. Since Song Shenzong used Wang Anshi to break the restriction of courtiers and strengthened his power, he passed through Song Zhezong and Song Huizong to Song Gaozong. Humans can control, and in the early Southern Song Dynasty, the military leader was able to backwash Zhao Gou's Hu Lai, forcing him to converge. The most direct proof is the "Miao Liu Mutiny" in the third year of Jianyan (1129).

After Zhao Gou gave up the Central Plains and "toured the southeast", he was drunk in Yangzhou every day. The eunuch Kang Lu, the palace marshal Wang Yuan and others took power, making the people unhappy. When the Jin Ren went south, the northern line of defense collapsed thousands of miles. Zhao Gou fled. The people in Yangzhou were killed by the Jin army before they could escape, and many drowned in crossing the river. Zhao Gou’s reputation fell to a freezing point, and the people were extremely dissatisfied with him, but Zhao Gou still did it. . Under this situation, the famous Western army guarding Zhao Gou, Miao Fu, son of Miao Lu, and Liu Zhengyan, son of Liu Fa, launched a mutiny with the support of public opinion, punishing eunuchs, imprisoning Zhao Gou, and making his son Zhao Ming the emperor. Miao Liu mutiny".

Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyangen Masamiaohong are not small characters, nor are they careerists. The important reason for deposing Zhao Gou was his dissatisfaction with his perverse behavior, and the two men also wanted to do it afterwards. Make improvements to defense and people's livelihood. It’s just a pity that after the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, loyalty to the emperor has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people as a religious concept. Miao and Liu’s actions have not received widespread response. The two are martial arts and lack political experience. They were disabled by the pretending prime minister Zhu Shengfei. Generals such as Jun and Han Shizhong pinged down.

Miao and Liu were strongly stigmatized by Zhao Gou. In fact, what they did was quite positive. After this difficulty, Zhao Gou also converged on the rampage and started Attentive to military affairs, this is the effective restraint of the emperor by the military head of the feudal town.

However, with the family method of the Song Dynasty and Zhao Gou's mind, after such a mutiny, it is naturally impossible to rest assured for the generals. Taking the initiative to transform the generals into towns was just a stopgap measure for survival. By the 7th year of Shaoxing (1137), the Yang Yao uprising was put down, and the Southern Song Dynasty's small imperial court also had the strength of the Northern Expedition. It was a relief from internal and external difficulties. it has started.

Here I want to emphasize that is the same as the civil servants of the main battle faction, the main guard faction or the surrender faction on the point of regaining the military power of the generals. 秦桧 certainly wants To accept it, Zhang Jun and Zhao Ding should also accept it, and other civil officials also advocated accepting it. In the 7th year of Shaoxing (1137), Zhang Jun, the prime minister of the main battle party, prepared to use civilians to control the generals. First, Liu Guangshi, who had a very poor record, was attacked. He said that the Huaixi Army was handed over to Yue Fei to obtain the support of other military leaders. But how is it actually possible? In the end, the imperial court sent a civil official, Lu Zhi, to take over, making Yue Feikong happy. As a result, Liu Guangshi's subordinate Li Qiong refused to accept Lu Zhi, launched a mutiny, and surrendered to the Qiqi. Next, Zhao Ding of the main guard faction still planned to retreat, using the method of promoting and mobilizing the generals and generals under the generals, but Zhang Jun came back after the first attempt.

Although Zhang Jun and Zhao Ding are seeking the right to collect troops, they still have a bottom line and a common heart. Therefore, the efficiency of power collection is not high, which makes Zhao Gou very dissatisfied. At this time, Qin Hui, the bottomless and unconscionable surrender sentimentalist, was willing to help Zhao Goo solve this heart disease, and Zhao Gou naturally welcomed it very much. Qin Hui's method is to negotiate peace with Jin Guo regardless of the cost, to ensure a relatively safe external environment, so that Zhao Gou will not be wiped out due to the turbulence caused by the reduction of military power. Finally, the bloody battles of the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty increased the negotiation table for Zhao Gou and Qin HuiThe bargaining chip made Jin Ren only stop the loss through peace talks, and then Zhao Gou easily lifted the military power of Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong, and Yue Fei by rising and falling. From then on, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui, without any checks and balances, began to fancy society. The bloody battles of soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty became Zhao Gou's own bargaining chip, which is a common tragedy in Chinese history.

Zhao Gou was able to retreat so easily, thanks to the changes in social concepts after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the idea of ​​unilateral loyalty to the emperor became the mainstream of society, otherwise, like the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Emperor Yuan wanted to Wang Dun was taught and insulted to his death by regaining the power of the Wang family in Langya. The Tang Dynasty tried to regain the power of the three towns in Hebei and it has been difficult to succeed. In addition, in terms of personnel, financial power, etc., although Zhao Gou was a gesture of decentralization, he learned from the experience of the Tang Dynasty and left a number of secret doors, making it difficult for the generals of the town to resist.

At this point, we can know that the transformation of Yue Fei’s vassalization was promoted by Zhao Gou, and Yue Fei did not live up to Zhao Go’s support, and Zhang Jun, Liu Guangshi and even Han Compared with Shizhong, he made an excessive contribution to the defense of the Song Dynasty. When Zhao Gou decided to take power, Yue Fei gave up his military power just like Zhang Jun and Han Shizhong. He didn't mean to rebel or support his own self-respect. By this time, Yue Fei was a completely harmless idler, so why did Zhao Go kill? What about him?

Some people say that this is a negotiation condition specified by the gold man, but the condition can be mediated; some people say that Yue Fei’s entry into the Prince Yan’s prince is a big taboo, in fact, there were many people who entered the prince’s prince, and the generals were not only Yue Fei. One person, this does not constitute a cause of death. The actual reason is two points. One is that when Zhao Gou promised to hand over Liu Guangshi’s Huaixi army to him in the Northern Expedition, Yue Fei was angry and picked up his son, went to Lushan to guard his filial piety, and then went back after being persuaded by Zhao Gou. In command of the army, Zhao Gou’s mind is extremely narrow, and those who have offended him will not end well. This planted the seeds to kill Yue Fei. Second, in order to strengthen the imperial power and slaughter society, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui can kill a general without guilt. Liwei can make the officials afraid to speak and reduce their resistance to misbehaving.

Because of Zhao Gou’s revenge and power manipulation, the heroic Yue Fei was killed without any crime. People who don’t have a deep understanding of this period of history, or those who are more awaited, claim to be the emperor, Long Aotian, and shameless people who like to ask, "You can’t kill or not?" They also rush to applaud and say that the killing is good. People grieve.

Qin Hui's summing up is for the good of the people?

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Finally, let’s talk about Qin Hui. Some people think that Qin Hui’s plan for peace in his later years was out of public sincerity when he was young. This is not worth refuting. Young people are always very aggressive. When he was young, he was radical and later became traitors, such as taking the lead in burning the Zhao family. Mei Siping of Lou is an example. Some people also think that Qin Hui's seeking peace is to rest with the people because of his in-depth understanding of specific historical facts.

In the political arena of the early Southern Song Dynasty, the attitude towards the Kingdom of Jin was not just the main warlord and the two factions, but the main battle faction and the main defense faction (or Qiuquan faction) Three factions of the surrender faction. The main battle faction advocates a decisive battle with the Jin people and regaining lost ground. Zhang Jun is the representative of the prime minister; the main defense faction believes that the Jin people are strong, while the southern people advocate the strategy of gold because of the heavy military burden. It is not advisable to advance, you can hold Jianghuai first, recuperate and rejuvenate, Xu Tu is enterprising, and it is also optional to negotiate with the Jinren, but there are some bottom lines in the negotiation, and there is no objection to going to the Northern Expedition when there is a chance to regain the Central Plains. Zhao Ding and Li are the prime ministers. Light as a representative. Although the two factions have different opinions, there is a complete logical chain behind their opinions based on the knowledge of the current situation, so they are both politically opinionated and principled.

The capitulation faction is different from them. The starting point of the capitulation faction is not to understand the current situation, but to cater to Song Gaozong's meaning. The prime minister is represented by Qin Hui. Some friends were puzzled that Zhao Gou had to withdraw his troops even when the Song army was dominant, and finally concluded that SongThe conclusion that the Army's Northern Expedition certainly did not prevail was really too little understanding of the emperor's heart. For Zhao Gou, the military leader of the Fan Zhenhua is a more terrifying enemy than the Jin Army. Fan Zhenhua is forced to survive. As long as the military strength can ensure survival, the first priority must be to strike the Fan Zhen, otherwise if the military head recovers the lost ground But lose control, it is better not to regain lost ground.

Although all the civil servants have the same opinion as Zhao Gou on the issue of fighting against the feudal town, whether it is the main battle group or the main defender group, they must also take into account the cause of anti-golden gold while fighting against the feudal town. The plan to regain lost ground made them fearful when attacking the vassal, and it was not efficient enough, and Qin Hui, a complete slave, took the attacking of the vassal as the first priority, so he did not hesitate to seek peace with the money to stabilize the external environment, national defense, and national movement. It can be put aside, of course, it greatly suits Zhao Gou's intentions. So the last Northern Expedition of Zhao Gou in the ten years of Shaoxing (1140) was to repel the Jin army to show his strength, but not to regain lost ground to stimulate the Jin Ren Sao operation, so when a certain result is obtained, the twelve gold medals to force Yue Fei's class teacher is the meaning of the question.

Zhao Gou and Qin Hui can be described as treacherous, each taking what they need

In sharp contrast with Qin Hui’s master and he is the southern scholar-official Li Guang (Shangyu, Yuezhou). Li Guang saw that the people of the South were suffering because of the increased tax revenues from the military. He advocated temporary peace talks and recuperation. He was once cited as prime minister by Qin Hui and assisted in the peace talks. However, although Li Guang agreed with the peace talks, he insisted that Zhao Gou's etiquette should not be subjugated to the country's status, nor can he relax his border armaments. This caused Zhao Gou and Qin Hui to hate him, and was soon dismissed. After Qin Hui assumed power, he was repeatedly persecuted until his death. .

And since Qin Hui has no political opinion, he is not a firm pacifist. When the opinions of the powerful people change, they will change like chameleons. During the reign of Emperor Ningzong of Song Ningzong, the power minister Han Dongxuan saw that he was attacking Neo-Confucianism and the chaos in administration caused popular grievances, he wanted to fight against Jin and shift the contradictions. Many of the original masters and slaves ignored the actual situation of Jin’s rule in the north and the chaos of military and political affairs in the Southern Song Dynasty. As a result, the Kaixi Northern Expedition, which was promoted by the force of the Kaixi Expedition, failed across the board. Facing the Jinren’s demand for others’ heads, Han Dongxun did not hesitate to "die with the country" and let the military and civilians of the whole country give him his funeral. After being assassinated, Shi Miyuan presided over the peace talks, and these minions instantly changed back to the master and faction for prosperity.

Therefore, the political opinion and principled ministers of the main battle faction and the main defense faction are completely different from those of Qin Hui who have no political opinions and principles, and only for their own wealth. This is like the difference between Donglin and Eunuchs (if you have any questions, please see the link at the end of the article). So some "iron-blooded fans" who like castrate parties also like the surrender Qin Hui. It seems very contradictory, but in fact, the logic is self-consistent, and it is the ultimate goal of being a slave.

Zhao Gou uses a minion like Qin Hui to preside over the peace talks, what benefits can it bring to the people? After the Song and Jin peace talks, Zhao Gou sorted out the troubled times he created, and immediately seized the military power of the generals. With no checks and balances, he opposed the liberal political style of the Northern Song Dynasty and strode towards the Qin system.

After the peace talks, the military balance of power between the north and the south was formed. In the future, the Southern Song Dynasty tried to regain the lost ground, and was powerless; after the peace talks, the soldiers and civilians in the north were completely abandoned, and they have lived under the failed rule of the Jin. After the peace talks, the additional taxes imposed by the military for military purposes in the South remained basically unchanged, but after the economic development, the people could barely acceptAfter the peace talks, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui tried their best to attack and destroy the heroes in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Ding, Hu Quan, Li Guang, and Zhang Jun were all persecuted without reason. The famous Zhao Ding was even persecuted. Persecution to death; after the peace talks, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui were very unconfident about their misbehavior. In Daxing the text prison, literati officials were prohibited from speaking, even encouraged to report, and private history was forbidden. This led to the fester of scholars and the lack of academic style. Compared with Song Huizong The "Yuanyou Traitor Party Monument" was nothing more than a witch; after the peace talks, Zhao Gou took advantage of the Confucian criticism of Wang Anshi and Wang Xue and announced that reforms would not be allowed since then. Although Wang Anshi's reforms were a disaster, the prohibition of reforms was even greater. Disaster; after the peace talks, Zhao Jianjian set up a large number of cultural projects, boasted of his own ZTE Lord, monopolized the interpretation of "ZTE", and did not allow scholar-officials to discuss it. To this day, many people have been deceived by Zhao Gou’s words and thought he was genuine. The ZTE brought the Song Dynasty.

As for Qin Hui and Zhao Gou who is the mastermind of the evil, there has been a lot of debate throughout the ages. As Ming Renwen Zhengming said, "How can a cypress in the material area meet its desires", it is believed that Song Gaozong is the culprit behind the scenes; Deng Guangming, according to the Jinren, "must not go to the prime minister without guilt" and Zhao Gou hid a knife in his boots to guard against Qin cypress It is said that Qin Hui coaxed Zhao Gou. After investigation by Mr. Yu Yunguo, it is believed that Qin Hui’s power was granted by Zhao Gou, and his actions were also approved by Zhao Gou, so Zhao Gou is still the culprit.

Like the Jinren "No Prime Minister is not guilty", Zhao Gou can completely set up Qin Hui by setting up multiple princes. However, Zhao Gou has always allowed Qin Hui to stand alone and still allows He was also a secret envoy. As for Qin Hui's death, Zhao Gou told Yang Yizhong, "I will not hide the dagger in my pants and boots today." This is just his habitual throwing technique, so as to push all the evil he has done. To Qin Hui.

In Zhao Gou’s era, after all, China has gone through the civilizations of the Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang and Song Dynasties. Compared with the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has the concept of political civilization. Even if it is wrong, it cannot be done directly. As savage as Qin Huang Hanwu, Zhao Gou, who was talented and clever, invented the method of using an agent to dump the pot. Qin Hui was the first one. Because it was easy to use, it was used by Zhao Gou until his death. However, when Qin Hui died, Zhao Gou said that he would change it and allow the officials to criticize Qin Hui (except for negotiating with Jin Ren). , Attributed the common sins of Qin Hui and Qin Hui to Qin Hui.

Subsequently, Zhao Gou chose the prince Zhao Yun as the object of the dumping pot, and gave the throne to Zhao Yun (that is, Song Xiaozong), because Zhao Yun is not the son of Zhao Gou (after Zhao Gou Yangyi) Infertility, the son who was born before was horrified and died in the Miao Liu mutiny, and can only be adopted from the descendants of Song Taizu), the legitimacy is not strong, so even if he became the emperor, he still respected Zhao Gou, Zhao Gou indulged and restricted Song Xiaozong recovered his lost ground, but the evil consequences of his intervention in the political affairs completely left Song Xiaozong on his back until his contented natural death, and the monarchy he established was one, the emperor and the government were no longer divorced, and the prime minister was hollowed out. "(Temples follow the "Study on the Political History of the Early Southern Song Dynasty") system, which continued to harm the Southern Song Dynasty until its demise.

Therefore, Zhao Goushi has a heinous crime. The worst offender is not to negotiate peace with Jin and kill Yue Fei, but to rebuild the Qin system, which makes the future of Chinese civilization bleak. It is not too much to say that he is a high-profile version of Zhu Yuanzhang. Mr. Liu Zijian believes that under the background of the changes in the Tang and Song Dynasties, we should also pay attention to the changes between the two Songs. Compared with the Northern Song, the Southern Song and the Northern Song, the scholarly style and academic style are obviously inferior, especially the prosperous Confucian classics in the Northern Song Dynasty no longer have the creative spirit in the Southern Song Dynasty Since then, China's internalization has a great relationship with the system established by Zhao Gou.

As for Qin Hui, although he was only an accomplice, his crime was not as good as Zhao Gou, but he was still extremely evil. As a scholar, Qin Hui has more experience in cultural purge. He not only engages in literary prisons and prohibits private history, but he is also very keen on setting up memorial arches for himself, making himself a "holy image", and completely reversed right and wrong. The taxi style caused a more vicious blow than Zhao Gou, and it should be nailed to the pillar of shame in history.

Qingshan is fortunate to bury the loyal bones, and the white iron innocent casts the servants

Moreover, even if he is willing to be an accomplice to the emperor, he is already a traitor among the scholars It is hard to blame for the deterioration of the political ecology. Whether it is the intentional Qin Hui or the unintentional Wang Anshi, it has caused a huge disaster. Therefore, the words of Luo Dajing in the Southern Song Dynasty can be described as the most logical saying:

The unification of the country is the crime of Wang Anshi; the crime of Qin Jun is also the crime of the unification of the country.

References:

Liu Zijian "China Towards Inner"

Yu Yunguo "Nandu Juncier", "Southern Song Dynasty"

Temple Dizun, "Research on Political History of the Early Southern Song Dynasty"

Deng Guangming, "Selected Works of Deng Guangming's Academic Works"

Wang Zengyu, "Landless and Innocent Song Gaozong" c5a0#

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