The contradiction between France and Germany
The contradiction between France and Germany is very sharp. France, which was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, lost its original hegemony in Europe (after the Franco-Prussian War, France's eastern Lorraine and Alsace were forced to cede to Germany), and all sectors of the country unanimously demanded revenge. In order to prevent France from making a comeback, Germany vigorously expanded its armaments and launched an arms race. In addition, France and Germany competed for the North Africa colony, which led to very tense relations between the two.
The contradiction between Russia and Austria
The contradiction between Russia and Austria is mainly manifested in the competition for and in the Balkans. Over the years, under the banner of Great Slavism, the Russian Empire has expanded to the living areas of the Slavs in the southern part of the Balkans, and the Austria-Hungary Empire in Central Europe has also continued to expand to the northwest of the Balkans. The southern Slavic regions under their own rule were instigated by Russia to become independent.
Contradiction between England and Germany (the battle between the world's first and the world's second, the traditional colonial empire and the emerging colonial empire)
Because the United Kingdom hangs alone on the British Isles, in order to contain the countries of the European continent, the United Kingdom strives to maintain the power of the European continent It is neither willing to see the traditional powers of Europe—the re-emergence of France and the rising star of Europe—Germany becoming too powerful, nor to see the power of Russia in the tsarist world inflated in the Balkans, that is, “balance of power diplomacy”. Germany regarded Britain as a "deteriorating country" and began to seek leadership in Europe and the world, gradually threatening Britain's world hegemony. With the intensification of the conflict over the colonial issue, the contradiction between Britain and Germany began to intensify and gradually became the most important contradiction between the imperialist countries. In 1882, Germany, Austria and Italy signed the "Treaty of Alliance", and the Triple Alliance was officially established. Germany became the core of the Triple Alliance. Later, as the overlord of West Asia, the Ottoman Turkish Empire joined the Allied countries and became an important force in the Allied countries.
The Three Entente
1892, France and the Russian Empire reached a military agreement, which stipulated that if France was attacked by Germany or Germany-supported Italy, Russia would attack Germany with all its military force. Austro-Hungarian attack, France must also attack Germany with all its military power. As the contradiction between Britain and Germany developed into the main contradiction between imperialism, Britain adjusted its relations with France and Russia, and signed the Anglo-French Entente and the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1904 and 1907 respectively. The group finally formed. Britain was at the heart of the three Entente nations.
World War Ibreakout
On June 28, 1914 (Serbia's "National Humiliation Day"), Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sofia were inspected by Serbian nationalist Gavri when they visited Sarajevo John Princip was shot. The Allied Powers and the Allied Power Group took advantage of this sudden incident to fuel the flames and blame each other, which led to the rapid deterioration of the international situation. " Sarajevo incident " is considered to be the fuse of the first world war .
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
The year
1914 was the first stage of the war. A series of battles broke out between the two sides in Europe, the Middle East, East Africa and other places, and the two sides had each other's victories... At this time, in order to actively expand its power in East Asia and invade China, Japan in East Asia took advantage of the time when European countries had no time to look east. The " British-Japanese alliance " concluded in 1902 was used as an excuse to declare war on Germany in 1914, and quickly occupied Germany's sphere of influence in Shandong, China.
1915-1916 was the second phase of the war. On April 26, 1915, Italy, which originally belonged to the Allied camp, decided to defect after obtaining the territorial compensation promised by the Allied Powers and signed the " London Treaty " with the Allied Powers. In May, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, cut off diplomatic relations with Germany, officially joined the Allies, and dealt a heavy blow to the Allies (Italy's first defection...).
Both sides saw 1916 as a decisive year, so three major land campaigns took place during the year. The Western Front is Battle of Verdun and Battle of the Somme . At the same time, the Russian army on the eastern front launched a summer offensive called " Brusilov breaks through ". At sea, the United Kingdom implements a maritime blockade policy and is ready to take the German fleet in the Baltic Sea as the main target of attack.In order to reverse the unfavorable situation, Germany urgently needs to break through the sea blockade, and attempts to take the initiative to find opportunities to fight decisively with the opponent. On the afternoon of May 31, 1916, the Anglo-German fleet met on the northwest sea of the -dayland peninsula , and a battle occurred, that is, "-dayland naval battle ". After several battles at this stage, the strategic initiative of the war was transferred to the Entente, and the balance of victory gradually tilted toward the Entente.
1917-1918 was the third phase of the war. In 1917, the United States participated in the war against Germany. The Beiyang government of the Republic of China followed the United States and joined the Allied camp in 1917 in the form of "war for workers" to declare war on Germany and Austria, sending 20,000 laborers to the European battlefield. Beginning at the beginning of the same year, the "February Revolution" and "October Revolution" broke out in Russia, overthrowing the Tsarist government. After the failed "Kerensky Offensive" of the Russian Provisional Government, the newly established Soviet Russian government Signed the " Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty " with Germany, announcing its withdrawal from World War I. On November 11, 1918, Germany officially announced its surrender.
The last emperor of Tsarist Russia, Nicholas II
The German representative signed the "Compiègne Forest Armistice " in the Foch carriage at the Compiègne Forest-Raidau station in northeastern France, north of Paris. On the same day, the agreement came into force and the First World War ended.
After the end of the First World War, the victorious countries held a post-war treaty conference at the Palace of Versailles in Paris in January 1919. After fierce competition and mutual compromise, on June 28, the victorious countries signed the "-Germany Peace Treaty ", namely " Versailles Peace Treaty ", in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles.France regained the areas of Alsace and Lorraine lost in the Franco-Prussian War, and Belgium and Denmark also gained some German territories... But the countries that signed the peace treaty were scheming, quarreling over their interests, for the later "World War II" planted the root cause...As one of the victorious countries in "World War I", China should have regained its sovereignty over Shandong, but at the "Paris Peace Conference", Western powers actually handed over Germany's privileges in Shandong. To Japan, the whole country was outraged, and young students, workers, citizens, etc. took to the streets one after another to protest, and a great "May 4th Patriotic Movement" ... At the Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference, the imperialist powers established the Versailles-Washington system, which re-established the ruling order of the imperialist countries in Asia, Africa and other places. After the First World War, European countries were riddled with holes, their vitality was severely damaged, their economy was depressed, and their industry and agriculture were severely damaged. Selling arms, making a fortune, transferring some important industrial equipment from Europe and attracting a large number of scientific research talents who came to avoid the war... The comprehensive national strength of the United States has greatly increased, and it has rapidly changed from a country that was once ignored by Europe before World War I (World War I Before, the ranking of the comprehensive strength of countries in the world is roughly as follows: 1, Britain 2, Germany 3, France 4, Tsarist Russia or the United States 5, the United States or Tsarist Russia 6, Austria-Hungary or Japan 7, Japan or Austria-Hungary 8, Italy 9. China's Beiyang government or others; European countries believed that the United States before World War I was "rich but not strong") became the world's first-class power, and it is still the same to this day...
