Although Zhao, Wei, and Han Sanjia are not kind, but this is also a historical inevitability. After the division of the three, Wei Guo was particularly strong.
The first monarch of the Wei State was Wei Wenhou, and his son Wei Wuhou was passed down. In the third generation, he was able to become the king, Wei Hui. However, the great state of Wei turned from prosperity to decline in the hands of Wang Hui. What did he do wrong?
01 During the Wei Wenhou period, the leader of the Legalist Li Li made the reform, which made the country stronger.
In fact, during the Warring States Period, the first reform was not Shang Yang of Qin, but Li Li of Wei. As a representative of Legalists, Li Li was highly valued by Wei Wenhou in Wei. Therefore, when Wei Wenhou planned to increase his national power, he appointed Li Li as the minister of state to carry out reforms.
The so-called reform is to remove the old and reform, to abandon the dross of the past, and to implement the new things more adapted to the times. This is the reform. Li Di is a representative of Legalists, so his reforms always contain Legalist ideas.
He advocated ruling the country according to law, and the laws were very strict, which also made Wei state condemnation at one time, but Wei Wenhou helped him withstand the pressure. In addition, he paid special attention to agricultural development, because the vassal state at that time was based on agriculture, and only with the development of agriculture can the national strength be strengthened.
Wei Wenhou sent Le sheep to defeat Zhongshan, to suppress it; Wen Hou asked Yu Qunchen and said: "How am I like a lord?" All said, "Benevolent monarch." Ren Zuo said: "The king is in Zhongshan, and he is not the brother of the emperor but the son of the emperor. The seat is approaching. I asked Zhai Huang the second time and said, "Benevolent monarch." Wen Hou said: "How can you know?" , So that Zhai Huang called to take the seat and vice versa. ---"Zizhitongjian"
So Li Li encouraged local farmers to work hard, increase grain production, stabilize grain prices, and purchase grain in the hands of the people at a fair price in the harvest year. In the famine year When the people have no food to eat, the country will sell grain at a parity price. This is just Li Li’s slogan. I don’t believe that the people of the Wei Kingdom would have surplus food. Which dynasty and generation of people in ancient times would have surplus food? Hehe.
In terms of politics, Li Di also dares to act. He abolished the privileges of hereditary aristocracy, but if there is no merit, the son can no longer inherit his father's official position and salary. But for ordinary people who have contributed to the country, they can enter the DPRK as officials. This was a big taboo, and the nobles rushed one after another, but Wei Wenhou was relatively tough and no one dared to fight him.
The content of these reforms had too much influence on Shang Yang. The reforms implemented by Shang Yang in Qin were actually almost the same as those of Li Li reforms, and there was no innovation. But the important thing about the reform is not thought, but implementation. Everyone knows the truth, but there are very few people who can stick to it. This is why the world's successful people are in the minority.
02 During the Wei Wuhou period, Wu Qi was appointed to train Wei Wu pawns and dominate the world.
If Wei Wenhou is to recuperate, then Wei Wuhou is the master of trouble. Wei Wenhou managed the country prosperously, the economy was prosperous, and the people were affluent, and then it was handed over to Wei Wuhou.
Wei Wuhou's life can be described by one word "wu" because he likes fighting so much. The reforms made the country stronger, and Wei Wuhou became a little restless. He felt that his territory was too small, so he planned various aggressions.
If you want to fight, you must have good generals. Wei Wuhou is quite wise. He appointed the famous general Wu Qi as the commander, and at the same time launched a two-sided battle against Zheng and Qin. Both sides achieved great victories.
At that time, people who called this name were quite bullish. For example, Wu Qi and Bai Qi were both outstanding generals in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period. Wu Qi trained a group of soldiers who were able to conquer and fight for Wei Wuhou. They were called Wei Wuzu, and they were also the most powerful representatives of the army at that time.
The king of Xichuzhuang plotsWhen the officials can't catch them, they are worried. Wei Wuhou was so happy that he could not catch him in the group. The husband is happy and the other is worried. In this way, Wuhou is not as good as Chuzhuang. Those who are happy with their husbands look at their strengths, those who are worried about their deficiencies. The director is full of ambition, the full of ambition is arrogance, the arrogance is lewdness, and the day of failure is utterly unsuccessful; the one who is worried about his insufficiency will lead to the ambition, and the ambition must be able to accept others with humility. Therefore, the king of Zhuang and the princes prospered the state of Chu, while the princes of Wu invaded neighboring countries and the Wei industry declined. From this point of view, the ruler should be inferior to his aspirations and be good, and the ruler should be straight to the ruler. If the emperor and his ministers do their best, everything in the world will be successful. ---Zhu Yuanzhang
With the attitude of doing it if you don't accept it, Wei Wuhou began his life in the South and North War. Two years later, he united with South Korea and the Zhao Guosan Jin coalition forces, sent troops to the Chu State Liang, all the way to the hinterland of Chu State. The king of Chu Mourning repeatedly begged for mercy, but Wei Wuhou just refused to leave, and took advantage of the situation to capture most of the territory of the Chu Kingdom in Henan. This also made preparations for the later king of Wei Hui to move to Daliang.
If it weren’t for South Korea being attacked by the Qin State, the Three Jin Allied Forces would most likely annihilate the State of Chu. By then, the disputes in the world would be another situation. Perhaps Wei Guoguo would become the country that dominates the world. .
After another two years, Qin took the initiative to commit a crime, and Wei Wuhou personally went out to sympathize with the soldiers. Under Wu Qi’s leadership, Wei Wuhou was as powerful as a bamboo, killing the Qin army and abandoning his armor. Hexi land was more than 500 miles away. , All fell into the hands of Wei Wuhou.
Since then, Wei has become the most powerful military prince in the world. It's a pity that Wei Wuhou, no matter how talented and rough, can't resist the treacherous tricks. His distrust forced Wu Qi to leave the State of Wei, but Wei Wudi was already quite powerful at the moment, and Wei's military strength was not severely damaged.
03 During the Wei Huiwang period, why was the State of Wei called a country of talent export?
Wei Hui Wang is actually a more capable monarch. He came to power by competing with his brothers for the reserve position. We can tell by seeing his title that King Wei Hui was the first king of the Wei Kingdom. It can be seen that when he was in office, the Wei Kingdom was the strongest.
But at this time, Wei has become the laughing stock of the world. Why is this? Because many of the talents who determine the world's pattern have all been lost from Wei.
- For example, we are very familiar with Shangyang , he himself is a Weiguo, and Weiguo is a subject of Wei, so Shang Yang has always planned to play in Wei. It is a pity that Wei Guo could not tolerate him, so he had no choice but to go to Qin State and finally helped Qin State to become stronger.
- Another example is Zhang Yi. He was a famous strategist in the Warring States Period and made important contributions to Qin's diplomacy. But we have forgotten one thing, he is also a native of Wei, and he is a descendant of the nobles of Wei. Wei Hui Wang did not appoint Zhang Yi, it was indeed a huge loss for him.
- There is another very important figure, that is Fan Sui. Fan Sui was originally a doorman under the hands of Doctor Wei, but was almost killed by Xiangguo Wei. In desperation, Fan Sui had to take refuge in King Qin Zhaoxiang. He was the first person to propose a distant and close attack, which shows how important his position in the Warring States period is.
So we will find that these big figures who determine the future direction of the Warring States are all run away from the hands of King Wei Hui, and all of them have gone to the Qin State, making important contributions to the strength of the Qin State.
Therefore, in the era of King Wei Hui, the State of Wei was called a country of talent export. This is not unreasonable. It was precisely because he failed to grasp these talents that Wei Guo turned from prosperity to decline and gradually declined.
04 What mistakes did King Wei Hui make during his 52 years in power?
The period of King Wei Hui was an important period in which the state of Wei turned from prosperity to decline. What mistakes did he make that led to his inevitably desolation? The first is that he doesn't know how to appoint talents. With so many talents under Wei Huiwang, he doesn't know how to use any of them, so he missed the opportunity.
Next, Wei Hui Wang did notFollow Pang Juan's strategy of destroying Qin. Pang Juan was a well-known general in the Wei state, holding Wei Wu's pawn. It can be said that no one was his opponent at the time, he could cross the world without any obstacle.
Such a powerful character, he thinks that the weak Qin State is a fatal threat to Wei State. Therefore, he hoped that King Wei Hui could take advantage of Qin's domestic turmoil and destroy Qin as soon as possible.
King Hui was employed by the army, and he paid sage money to recruit talents. Zou Yan, Chunyufang, and Meng Ke all reached Liang. King Liang Hui said: "The widow is not a jealous man, the soldiers are threefold away, the prince is captive, the general is dead, the country is empty, and the ancestors are ashamed, the widow is very ugly, the old man is not far away, and the shame is to the court of the evil town. How will my country benefit my country?" Meng Ke said: "You can’t speak up if you are profitable. If the husband wants profit, the doctor wants profit, and the doctor wants profit, the common people want profit. The top and bottom fight for profit, and the country is in danger. Being a monarch is just right. , Why benefit!" --- "Historical Records"
At that time, Qin Xiangong had just died, not long after Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, Qin was in chaos, and it was indeed a good time to perish Qin. However, King Wei Hui always focused on the affairs of the Central Plains, and did not pay attention to the weak Qin at all. This made King Wei Hui miss a chance to destroy Qin.
Then Wei Huiwang was eager for quick success and quick gains, and he did not follow the strategy of his uncle to distinguish Qin. Not only did Wei fail to unite the six-nation coalition against Qin, but instead made Wei offend the other five nations.
At this time, King Wei Hui was making mistakes all the way, which made Qin Guo, who had been secretly developing behind the scenes, more happy. During the reign of King Wei Hui, the State of Qin underwent Shang Yang's reforms and its national power increased greatly. In the end, the State of Wei had no choice but to compromise with the State of Qin.
Summary: Wei Hui Wang has a good deck of cards in his hand, and he played a mess.
When Wei Hui Wang took over the country from Wei Wuhou, it was the most powerful time in Wei. Wei Huiwang also intends to expand territory, but almost all strategies are wrong.
On the Western Front, he did not eliminate the State of Qin in time, which made the State of Qin survive the most difficult days, succeeded in reforms, and became a Western power. He also regained five hundred miles of land in Hexi in the hands of King Wei Hui, allowing the State of Qin to send troops to Hangu Pass at any time to cross the world.
On the Eastern Front, King Wei Hui was controlled by Qi State. He originally intended to control Qi’s internal affairs. As a result, the small princes in his hands were successively annexed by Qi State. King Wei Hui did not dare to speak out.
At this time, King Wei Hui completely lost his position as the hegemon of the Central Plains, continuously losing land, and losing to the two great princes of Qin and Qi. At the same time, in order to avoid the threat of Qin, the king of Wei Hui had to move his capital to the main beam. He called it to go to the Central Plains to fight for hegemony, which was actually helpless.
The mighty Wei Wuzu was so glorious in the period of Wei Wuhou, but in the period of King Wei Hui, he was completely ashamed. After Pang Juan died in battle, Wei Wuzu basically disappeared, and no one has the ability to train a Wei Wuzu trained by Wu Qi back then.
Guess: If Wei Hui killed Qin, what would happen to the Warring States period?
In fact, King Wei Hui is completely capable of destroying the State of Qin, and he has at least two chances.
- The first time was before Shang Yang's reform. At this time, if King Wei Hui could send troops to Qin, then the weak Qin would definitely not be the opponent of Wei.
Under Pang Juan’s suggestion, King Wei Hui was able to shrink his forces against the Central Plains and concentrate his efforts on the State of Qin instead. At this time, the State of Qin could not resist at all, and the State of Qin had no decent allies, so it would definitely be annexed by the State of Wei.
- The second time was when Uncle Cuo suggested dividing Qin. At this time, King Wei Hui blocked the passage of Qin State for business and completely closed Qin State.
This would be a fatal blow to the State of Qin. Without the State of Wei sending troops, the State of Qin itself would collapse after three or five years. If the State of Qin dared to send troops, then the State of Wei could unite the princes to destroy the Qin army.
Once Wei State destroyed Qin State, then Wei StateThe rear end of the country is no longer under pressure. At that time, Wei Guo only needs to concentrate on fighting for hegemony in the Central Plains. Nine times out of ten, the Wei state can succeed, and the burden of dominating the world may fall into the hands of King Wei Hui.
References:
《史记》
《资治通鉴》
《Warring States Policy》
