This lecture introduces the Huiling Mausoleum of Emperor Tongzhi. Tongzhi was the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng, and his biological mother was the notorious Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Tongzhi took the throne at the age of six, reigned for 13 years, and died at the age of 19. After his death, he was buried in Huiling, Dongling. This is a lonely mausoleum. Whether the owner of the tomb or the tomb itself, the most obvious feature is loneliness.
1. The loneliness from the birth mother
Huiling is located in the easternmost part of Dongling. And this is not only the easternmost problem, but its feng shui problem. The Fengshui of Huiling is no longer the main Fengshui of Dongling, but a branch. According to "Miscellaneous Pieces in the Palace", "Shuangshanyu, where Huiling is located, undulates from Changrui Mountain and stops to Yuhuangding". This is the Feng Shui post of Feng Shui official Zhang Yuanyi and Gao Shilong, clearly pointing out that Huiling Fengshui Shuangshanyu is no longer the main Fengshui, but a branch of the main Fengshui Changrui Mountain. The teacher of Emperor Tongzhi, Weng Tonghe, gave a lower evaluation of Shuangshanyu Fengshui. According to the "Weng Tonghe Diary", Shuangshanyu "The Dragon Qi is slightly weaker, and it is not at the end of the fall, but there is a stream to stop the slope. Fortunately, the rain is coming. , Go to the southeast of Baoxue, the distant mountains are horizontal, quite affectionate, but it is not as good as Chengziyu." This means that under the main mountain, there is no good feng shui available, and branch feng shui is used as a last resort. According to Weng Tongjie, it is far inferior to Chengziyu fengshui, which was eliminated by Emperor Xianfeng in his early years. This Shuangshanyu, curled up in the southeast corner of Dongling, is really like a lone goose leaving the team, very lonely. Think about it, everyone, within the front circle of 50 square kilometers, there is a lonely Huiling in the southeast corner of such a large area, who can easily think of it?
Logically, Emperor Tongzhi does not need to use this lonely feng shui, he has other options, because he shouldn’t build a tomb in Dongling. There is a family law to follow where the emperor of the Qing Dynasty built the mausoleum. In the last years of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong clearly stipulated that his descendants built the mausoleum according to the Zhaomu system, that is, the father and son were buried in the east and the west. According to this ancestral system, Emperor Tongzhi’s father Emperor Xianfeng’s Ding Tomb was in the East Tomb, so he should choose the tomb within the scope of the West Tomb. But how did he come to Tanglin? In fact, it was affected by various factors.
First, I didn’t see the Feng Shui of Xiling. On December 5th of the 13th year of Tongzhi, after the death of Emperor Tongzhi, Empress Dowager Ci'an and Cixi of the two palaces dispatched Prince Gong Yiqi and Jin Prince Yizhen to choose the emperor's Wannian Jidi. Where to choose? According to the Qing Family Law, you can only go to Xiling to choose. However, the relevant historical materials recorded this: "Yi Jiujie was led by Kuiling, Rong Lu, Weng Tonghe, and the officers who were versed in Feng Shui, and the officers, soldiers, and officials respected Dongling in advance, and then Xiling Jing would perform the investigation. "Everyone can see clearly that they first go to Dongling and then to Xiling. It seems that Dongling is the mainstay, while Xiling is just a supplement. In spite of this, I chose to see some geomantic treasures in Xiling. For example, they chose Jiulongyu in Xiling. Jiulongyu was in the boundary of Xiling in Yizhou and was seen by many emperors such as Qianlong, Daoguang, Xianfeng, etc. But due to their own reasons, this piece of Feng Shui was not adopted in the end. Of course, this piece of Feng Shui must be carefully analyzed for Yi Zhi and others to choose this time. According to historical records, at first, it was also admitted that Jiulongyu was "strictly organized and belongs to the land of good luck." But in the end it was abandoned. The reason is that according to the "Notes of Huiling Project", it is actually like this: "I can see Jiulongyu now, although it comes from Yongning Mountain, but the situation has reached the Fengshui wall." This is obviously not necessary. The reason for this is that the Feng Shui Wall cannot restrict the royal use of Feng Shui, and the boundary wall can be changed. In fact, the feng shui walls of the east and west mausoleums have changed several times. The surrounding walls were very small in the early stage. Later, as the scope of the cemetery expanded, the walls continued to expand outward. Therefore, if they want to use Jiulongyu Fengshui, they will find a way to get it into the wall. The reason for giving such a reason is actually just an excuse.
The second is the instigation of Prince Gong. Prince Gong Yi Hao was the half-brother of Emperor Xianfeng and the younger uncle of Cixi. Yi Hao had no ambitions in Xianfeng. Emperor Xianfeng was seriously ill and was about to die. He commissioned eight ministers of life to assist the young prince at his deathbed, but Yi Hao still had no share of it. This made Yi Hao burned all over, furious. Therefore, he joined forces with the greedy Empress Dowager and launched a coup in Beijing that shocked China and foreign countries. Empress Cixi was able to lower the curtain, and Yi Hao contributed a lot, so he was awarded the double salary of the king of politics and the king of food, leading the military opportunity, It can be said that power is in the hands. But the cooperation between them only lasted for 4 years before it broke down. On the 4th day of March in the fourth year of Tongzhi, Yushi Cai Shouqi impeached Yima. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, Cixi personally formulated the decree and said in a pretentious manner: "Prince Gong does not need to discuss politics at the military plane, remove all messengers, and are not allowed to interfere in official business." This is obviously a severe punishment of Prince Gong. After a month of competition, the high-spirited Prince Gong finally lowered his head and bowed to Cixi to admit his mistake. This uncle, who was two years older than Cixi, had to cry and express his repentance. Cixi made an order. : "Prince Gong is still on duty, and there is no need to reconsider politics." Not only that, in the 13th year of Tongzhi, Yiyu was also taught by Emperor Tongzhi. In order to please the Empress Dowager Cixi, the Emperor Tongzhi was in charge of government. Under the financial distress, he actually wanted to do a lot of work to restore the Old Summer Palace that was burned down by the British and French forces during the Xianfeng period. Yi Mao waited very anxiously, so he sent a letter to remonstrance from the civil and military officials. Emperor Tongzhi was furious, and made a hasty decision: "Prince Gong summoned to lose courtesy, seize the prince's hereditary status, and bring down the prefecture." The little Tongzhi Emperor treated his uncles in this way, and he could trample and trample on his dignity at will. Although this incident was not realized due to the intervention of the Queen Mothers of the Two Houses, it gave Yima a heavy lesson-let's be honest, how can people not bow their heads under the eaves?
After these two great changes, Yi Hao can be said to be thrilling: no matter how carelessly, there may be danger at any time. In this way, an indelible shadow appeared in his heart. To Cixi and the imperial power, he must be respectful and respectful, and he can no longer take risks, and he can no longer contradict him, and even developed a mentality of favoring Cixi. He believes that the location of Tongzhi Emperor's tomb is an opportunity. Therefore, when Cixi asked Prince Gong Yi Hao where he wanted to place the Tongzhi Emperor's tomb, the "Diary of Weng Tonghe" recorded this: Yi Hao carefully said, "With reason, Jiulongyu is good; with love, The ministers dare not speak." Here, Yi Hao expressed his attitude: According to the family law, it is Xiling, which is "reason"; when it comes to love, then he can no longer express his attitude. In fact, Yi Hao was encouraging and condoning Cixi to violate the family law. He expressed an attitude-I would never interfere anyway.
The third is that Cixi is in love with her mother and son. The attitude of Yi Hao made Cixi very pleased, because she really needed Yi Hao's support. If she wants to do whatever she wants, she will inevitably violate the ancestral system and will inevitably be opposed by the ruling and opposition parties. There is no doubt that Cixi has feelings for her son Tongzhi Emperor, and she has a selfish heart. This selfishness is the convenience of sacrifice. It will be convenient to bury his son in Tanglin in the future. On September 18th, the first year of Guangxu, the coffin of Emperor Tongzhi left Beijing for the funeral of the Eastern Tomb. Empress Cixi's compassion came from her heart, and the tears of the strong woman finally fell. According to the "Case of the King’s Order of the Great Qing Dynasty", at the time, Cixi said: “How sorrowful is to chase the past. If you don’t get a personal look when you move, Zhonghuai will be deeply embarrassed.” She felt deeply miserable for her son’s death. It was crying from the bottom of my heart. In the years to come, Cixi would think of her own son from time to time, especially on the day of family-missing on Qingming Festival every year, she would think of this child even more. Moreover, Cixi visited the Dongling four times during the Qingming Festival in the 5th, 12th, 16th, and 28th years of Guangxu, to pay tribute to the son she missed. She boarded the Minglou, sat beside Baoding, hiding her face and weeping, crying and scorning the child, expressing her thoughts. Therefore, Cixi arranged his son's mausoleum next to his mausoleum, which would be very convenient for worship. In addition, Cixi certainly believed that it would be the most ideal thing to ascend to heaven and be buried in the mausoleum of Dongling to reunite with her son underground.
Therefore, the Tongzhi Emperor Huiling finally settled in Shuangshanyu at the southeast corner of the Dongling Tomb, the location was much lonely.
2. Another mysterious loneliness
Huiling's building is lonely like its Feng Shui.
One is to cut the Shinto, lonely outside the mausoleum.
Huiling's buildings, like lonely geese, are built alone in the southeast corner of the tomb area. Originally, Huiling was located in the southeastern corner of the mausoleum, which seemed lonely. In addition, some buildings were artificially cut down, making it even more lonely. What buildings are cut down to make people feel this way? On site inspection, it was learned that the building cut by Huiling was a shrine stepped on.
What isWhat about Shinto? "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty" Li Xian noted: "Open a road in front of the tomb and build a stone pillar as a mark, which is called the divine way." In other words, the divine way is the path taken by the gods of the dead. In the mausoleum, that is the path of the emperors and concubines. Without a path, of course they have no way to go. If they are bored in the underground palace, aren't they lonely? In Tanglin, there is a complete Shinto network. First, the Shunzhi Emperor's Xiaoling Tomb is the longest, reaching 6000 meters, connecting all the buildings in Xiaoling Tomb. The structure of Shinto consists of three parts: the center stone, the scattered water bricks on both sides, and the tooth stone. This shrine is very sacred. Only the coffins of the dead emperors, empresses, and concubines and their magic cards are allowed to pass on it. The living people, from the emperor to the people, are not allowed to pass on it, otherwise they will not be punished. The divine ways of other emperor tombs must be connected with the divine ways of Shunzhi Emperor Xiaoling Tomb, which means that they are all descendants of Shunzhi Emperor, which is called a connection. But Huiling's divine way was somehow cut off.
According to historical records, on the seventh day of April in the first year of Guangxu, the Empress Dowager Cixi decreed: "Hui Ling is now choosing auspiciousness for construction, except for the roads and stone statues that need not be built, the rest are regulated by the mausoleum." This is very important. The Huiling Shinto Tao was cut off by Cixi. So why did the Empress Dowager Cixi issue such an decree to cut down this vital building? It should be for the following reasons:
First, the budget is tight. The Huiling project was huge, and the final settlement was 4.36 million taels of silver. But the Qing Dynasty's treasury was empty and weak and poor. How could there be so much silver to build a tomb for the dead emperor? There was no way, so I had to move around and borrow from the west, and asked the provinces to repay. According to historical records, various provinces have played: "The ministers and others have witnessed the difficult time. The current situation of the provinces is not easy to allocate funds. Now we are preparing for coastal defense, and all the items are self-reliant." In other words, the provinces are also difficult to complete the task. How to do it? Being stretched, tear down the east wall to make up the west wall. According to historical records, even the project funds of Cixi Tomb were used for emergency needs: "Fucha Putuoyu Wannian Jidi Engineering Office has deposited extra surplus silver tael, and it is proposed to use it." It seems that Huiling project silver is not enough. However, there is still surplus in the project funds of the Empress Dowager Cixi's mausoleum, which is really different.
is precisely because Huiling’s project funds are insufficient, and Huiling’s Shinto design is too long. According to relevant historical records: "All Huiling should be built on the Shenlu Road. It is planned to lead from the front of the Wukong coupon bridge to the southwest and then to the southwest. It will reach the place of Wangzhu, the east seat in front of the Longfengmen of Xiaoling. "According to this calculation, Huiling's Shinto will be connected to Xiaoling Shinto, which will take more than 2,300 meters. Such a long Shinto can cost hundreds of thousands of taels of silver. Therefore, funding constraints are indeed the most important reason.
Secondly, Cixi hates Alut. Arut is the Queen of the Palace of Emperor Tongzhi, she is two years older than Emperor Tongzhi. Once in the palace, Cixi didn't like her very much. But Ci'an liked her, and Emperor Tongzhi liked her, so he was selected as the queen, which made Cixi very unhappy. Therefore, after the Aruts entered the palace, Cixi intervened in the life of Emperor Tongzhi from time to time, and even asked the Emperor to go to the Huifei Palace more and not to the Queen's Palace. This made the Tongzhi Emperor disgusted, so he simply did not want to go. Don't go. It is also under such circumstances that some courtiers and eunuchs with ulterior motives took advantage of the loopholes, who guided the Tongzhi Emperor to travel, and there were even rumors that Tongzhi Emperor often went to Bada Hutong. In the end, Emperor Tongzhi died of smallpox, or Tongzhi died of syphilis, at the age of nineteen.
Emperor Tongzhi passed away, Cixi did two very excessive things that made Aluts unable to live. One thing was not to give Tongzhi an heir, and she had no hope of her; one thing was that Emperor Tongzhi passed away and Cixi gave the empress an emblem that was unacceptable to her in the name of Emperor Guangxu. According to the "Records of Qing Dezong", "the empress was appointed as the emperor of Daxing, and she was named Queen of Jiashun". This emblem is simply too bullying. Think about it, everyone, this is the emblem given to the newly succeeded Emperor Guangxu, who is only four years old. Generally, when the Daxing emperor passes away and the new emperor ascends to the throne, it is necessary to "honor" the emblem of the former empress, and it is definitely not "appointment". "What? It's too impolite but there is no way. This is the title given by the younger uncle. This tone is like treating his concubine.
In this way, Alut can no longer survive. Taking a step back, even if you barely accept this title, what will happen in the future? How can a widow’s sister-in-law gain a foothold in the palace when the little emperor grows up? As the saying goes, "Widows have a lot of right and wrong in front of the door." This really pushes Alut intoInto a dead end. What will she do? On February 20, the first year of Guangxu, 75 days after the death of Emperor Tongzhi, Alut died in the palace. There are different opinions about her death, but most of them think it was an abnormal death. This is recorded in the Four Pupils of the Qing Dynasty, saying that the Arut family: "Hunger on a hunger strike, or the cloud was strangled by the Empress Dowager Cixi, and swallowed gold to die."
Because of Cixi and this one buried in Huiling There are irreconcilable contradictions between the daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law. Will she break the Huiling Divine Dao under the influence of her abnormal psychology and prevent this pesky woman from having a way to go in another world? Also unknown. In short, if it is due to the psychological factors of likes and dislikes, Alut's should be the main reason.
The second is to cut off the stone statues. The tomb lacks animal spirituality and is more lonely.
The stone statue is a very important part of the tomb. It first originated in the Qin Dynasty, but the earliest physical material we have seen is the tomb of Huo Qubing in the Western Han Dynasty. According to the "Historical Records · Biography of General Wei Huoqi", Huo Qubing said: "There are menhirs on the mound, stone horses facing each other, and stone men." This is the earliest physical material. It is not uncommon for stone statues to be born in the subsequent tombs of nobles.
Actually, stone statues are born in people's minds and have a certain effect. One is the role of honor. Orderly arranged stone statues are placed on both sides of the Shinto. Like a guard of honor, the emperor’s tour is naturally very grand. Second, the role of the town tomb. This is of course the most important role of stone statues. It is understandable that in the underground palace of the tomb owner, there are generally rare treasures buried in the grave. Naturally, they are worried about being stolen by thieves. Therefore, some ferocious beasts, such as lions and tigers, are arranged on the Shinto to scare the tomb thieves and play a role in the tomb. . Third, it is full of aura. The stone statue has another function, I think it inspires the aura of the tomb. Think about it, everyone, there are some cold buildings in the mausoleum, whether it is temples or stone monuments. Only those carved into animals such as lions and horses, or stone statues carved into human shapes, are very spiritual. Only here can people feel the aura of the mausoleum.
But in feudal society, everything must be done according to hierarchy, and the stone statue is no exception. According to the Law of the Qing Dynasty, six stone beasts can be used for the tombs of officials of Grade 3 or above, four stone beasts can be used for officials of Grade 5 or higher, and stone carvings are not allowed to be set up for officials below Grade 6.
According to the truth, Emperor Tongzhi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, has the world and the world's wealth, so he should build stone statues, which is allowed in the classic system. However, all this has been cut. The banner of Cixi is still saving, and there is no extra money to fix this. According to historical records, on the seventh day of April in the first year of Guangxu, the Empress Dowager Cixi summoned Prince Gong Yicheng and Prince Jin Yike, and made the following decision: "Hui Ling removed the scribes, warriors, Lima, Lixiang, and lion Dan Bi, staying with the post of observation." Cutting off these energetic stone statues made Huiling, who was already lonely, feel more lonely and lonely.
The third is that the successor does not put a seal on the stele, and the tomb owner feels lonely and ruthless.
There is another warm place in the mausoleum, which is on the large stone stele of the Shinto stele pavilion, the cinnabar stele of the Minglou, and the Longen Gate, Longen Hall, and Minglou Douban. From the beginning, Emperor Yongzheng would put such a stamp under these words-"The treasure of XX." This practice started with Emperor Yongzheng. Emperor Yongzheng not only wrote these words himself, but also stamped it with the seal of "Yongzheng Zunzhibao". Since then, this practice has become a system that shows the respect of those who succeeded to the old emperor. This was done in all the mausoleums afterwards, including the tombs of the queens. For example, Emperor Qianlong would stamp "Qianlong Zun's Treasure" on Tai Ling and Tai Dong Tomb steles; Jiaqing Emperor would stamp "Jiaqing Zun's Treasure" on Yuling Steles, and so on. In doing so, the new emperor reflected on the one hand that filial piety was the son’s filial piety to the father, and the obvious relationship of generation was born; on the other hand, it reflected a strong family affection-this would give the cold and gloomy mausoleum building Add a touch of favor. At the same time, it will also make the owner of the tomb feel warm and not lonely, as if his son is always by his side. Therefore, don't underestimate this small seal. This "treasure of respect for relatives" with few words can bring a rare warmth to the deceased.
Only Huiling is a special case, the god of HuilingOn the Taoist and Minglou steles, as well as the Longenmen, Longendian, and Minglou fighting plaques, unexpectedly there is no such warm "treasure of respect for relatives". Why? Is it because Emperor Guangxu is not filial?
So, Emperor Guangxu was so wronged, he was only four years old, what did he know? There is really no way to do this. Because he is not the son of Emperor Tongzhi, but the younger brother of Emperor Tongzhi. In the past, the tombs of emperors and queens were covered with this "treasure of respect for relatives" because they were father-son, mother-son relationship. The Emperor Guangxu and Emperor Tongzhi were not in this relationship, but were brothers. There is really no way to express this kind of brotherhood.
The cause of all this is the Empress Dowager Cixi, the mother of Emperor Tongzhi. For the purpose of taking power, regardless of ethics, she actually changed the family method of the Qing Dynasty, changing the inheritance of the father's inheritance to the brother's end brother, and supporting the four-year-old son of Prince Yizhen, the son of Zaiyan, to succeed. This is Emperor Guangxu. In this case, she can continue to be the queen mother and continue to listen to politics. Therefore, based on such a relationship, it is difficult to express the filial piety of the heir to the emperor on the stele in Huiling. The minister has no choice but to ask the Empress Dowager Cixi for instructions. As a result, according to the "Hui Ling Project Preparations": "Please decree, whether the plaque should be used for seals. The decree: No yong yong, Qin this." Therefore, Huiling became a mausoleum of Qing emperors after Jingling. The only mausoleum in which there is no seal, let future generations know that Emperor Tongzhi has no children. This ruthless practice aggravated Huiling's loneliness, making it even more lonely and ruthless.
3. The puzzling Huiling Concubine’s bed
The building of Huiling was cut off by Empress Empress’s Shinto and stone statues. . Cixi's banner was to save money, and it seemed that only by saying that would he be able to tell. However, what is the purpose of Cixi doing this? Is it really to save money?
After reviewing historical data, we found that Cixi adopted two standards in Huiling's architecture:
On the one hand, under the banner of saving silver, Huiling’s gods and stone statues were cut off and lowered. Huiling's architectural specifications; on the other hand, Cixi went to great fanfare and desperately raised the specifications of another building, not afraid to spend money, trying to build this tomb in high profile. This mausoleum is the Huiling Concubine Garden, an annex of Huiling.
According to the "Declaration of the Jiyitang": "The concubine's concubine is in bed with Tianming Tower, Fangcheng, Baocheng, and underground palace stone coupons; one is added for five terrace stones, and the rest is the same." The "as usual" is It is based on the meaning of the Kangxi Emperor Toffee Garden's sleeping regulations. That is to say, on top of the above-mentioned regulations, add things to match the palace, or add a pill stone, etc. According to this decree, the Huiling Concubine Garden can be a great bed, and its regulations are no different from the Queen's Tomb, except that the color of the glazed tiles is green. This is even higher than the rules of the Toffee Garden built during the Qianlong period—there is no setting of five stone offerings, but it is designed here.
This is strange. Cixi's decision is very surprising. Cixi’s attitude towards Huiling and the concubine’s bed is so puzzling: on the one hand, she tried her best to suppress Huiling’s regulations and silver consumption; on the other hand, she tried her best to raise the regulation of her concubine’s bed. This rise and fall reflects the love and hatred of Cixi and the complicated court struggle.
Since the treasury is so tense, the construction of the imperial mausoleum is stretched, and it is very difficult to raise the silver liang, and it has to be forcibly allocated to the provinces. Empress Dowager Cixi also had to use this as an excuse to curb Huiling's construction regulations. However, why should the concubine’s bed regulations be expanded without restriction? What happened to Prince Gong and Prince Jin, and those princes and officials? Why would the empress dowager be allowed to express such decree so absurdly?
People are talking about it, there is simply no heaven and rule. But everyone should be clear that Cixi will not make such an order for no reason. It turned out that all of this was for one person, and that was Cixi's favorite Huifei Fucha. Cixi really liked this woman too much. When she was drafting a girl, she wanted to choose her as the queen, but because of the opposition of Ci'an and Tongzhi Emperor, it was not realized. However, Cixi was not reconciled. For this woman, he did not hesitate to break the ancestral system and conventions.
1. Break the title. Concubine Hui entered the palace, and the title at the time was only concubine. but,Cixi paid close attention to her, and even asked Emperor Tongzhi to go to Concubine Hui more often. She even encouraged Concubine Hui to work hard to give birth to a prince and replace the queen. Emperor Tongzhi was very disobedient, but Cixi always encouraged them to make contact.
Not only that, but Cixi also gave Huifei the title of promotion. Jin was named the concubine Hui for only two years, and in the thirteenth year of Tongzhi, the Empress Dowager Cixi, regardless of the taboos in the palace, unexpectedly awarded the concubine Hui, in November, "Emperor of the Jin Dynasty". This is a great taboo in the palace, because when the queen is still alive, she is generally not promoted to the emperor. Although there was an emperor and noble concubine in the Qing Dynasty’s harem system, it was generally empty because of the fear that the queen would have psychological pressure. Such incidents happened in the Qing Dynasty. For example, in the Qianlong Dynasty, when Queen Ulanala was still alive, Qianlong's mother and son entrusted the imperial concubine as the imperial concubine, which caused the chaos in the palace. Queen Nala threatened her by cutting her hair. disaster. It is impossible for Cixi not to know the lesson from the past. She did this, what would Queen Arut think? So the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law suddenly became tense.
2. Give the emblem a special case. Regardless of the taboos in the palace, Cixi made the empress's heart uncomfortable by making an exception for the title of Concubine Hui as the imperial concubine. However, Cixi did not stop there. Just after the death of Emperor Tongzhi, Cixi began to wonder how to bestow the gift of Concubine Hui. She actually came up with such a way: to make Empress Arut the "Queen of Jiashun", and at the same time to make Concubine Hui the "Emperor of Dunyi". This is not something: on the one hand, she should not be able to confer the title of the queen in the name of Emperor Guangxu. That would be tantamount to lowering the status of the queen; on the other hand, she should not add the emblem to Concubine Hui. It is tantamount to raising the political status of Concubine Hui. Cixi's approach left Alut with nowhere to live. Not only that, according to the Four Pupils of the Qing Dynasty Royal Family, in the 20th year of Guangxu, the concubine Hui was further awarded the title of favor: "The Empress Dowager Cixi was sixty-year-old Ciqing, and ordered to be named the Royal Concubine of Dunyi Rongqing. "There is no precedent in Qing court history for such a title as a concubine from Jin. Only the empress dowager is qualified to receive this kind of celebration and the emblem of promotion. It is really unheard of that an ordinary concubine who has no childbirth and no credit has received such a honor.
3. The mausoleum is planned out of style. The planning of Huifeiyuan's bed and its high specifications are unprecedented. Not only the east and west halls, the square city, and the Ming tower were added, but the five stone offerings that were not available in the Jingling Toffee Garden were also added. All of what Cixi did was for a woman, and that was her favorite concubine Hui.
Actually, we speculate that Cixi's irrational approach was just to take a gamble. Think about it, everyone, what did Concubine Hui do, and Cixi is worth the effort? One has no birth, two has no assistance, and three has no special status. Why is this? I guess that Cixi just took a gamble to get back the face of the year. Back then, she liked this woman to be the queen of the palace, but Ci'an and Tongzhi didn't like it. In the end, her biological mother lost to Ci'an, and she was upset and always worried.
However, Cixi's decision is not sensible after all. Even if the princes and hundreds of officials do not speak, public opinion will speak. Cixi thought about it again and again, and her reason finally defeated her impulse, and she managed to withdraw the extravagant design in time. According to historical records, within two days, she successively issued two decree: (the first year of Guangxu), on July 23rd, the prince jin: "All the concubine’s gardens are now being built, and the previous decree ordered to build the treasure city, The Fangcheng, Minglou and Shitai Five Offerings, and the Ziluo Circle Wall were all removed." On July 24, Prince Gong was told: "If the concubine’s concubine’s bed is now built, it’s not necessary to add a repair hall, and all regulations follow the concubine’s bed. Build." Everything finally returned to normal, and Concubine Hui could only be happy.
Fourth, a touch of comfort in loneliness
We can see that both Feng Shui and architecture embody the word "loneliness". Fortunately, even though Huiling is lonely, Emperor Tongzhi, the owner of the tomb of Huiling, is not alone.
One is accompanied by his father. The Dingling Tomb of Emperor Xianfeng, the father of Emperor Xianfeng, is located in Pinganyu of Dongling. The relationship between Emperor Tongzhi and his father, Emperor Chengfeng, was profound. Emperor Xianfeng was such a surviving prince. The degree of affection can be imagined. According to the "Records of Qing Mu Zong": "Respectfully read Wenzong's imperial poems, it is said: Around the knee hall to help smile." I can see the intimacy between Emperor Xianfeng and his son. Emperor Tongzhi has two things still fresh in his father's memory: one isCelebrate birthday with the father. The data also records that on the thirtieth birthday of Emperor Xianfeng, Tongzhi, who was only five years old, was called out to meet everyone and laugh. The other thing was that when he was six years old, Emperor Xianfeng asked Gu on his deathbed, took his hand and gave the world to this child, he would never forget the desperate look in his eyes. According to the "Records of Qing Mu Zong", at that time, he was in great grief: "Nothing but a servant, a long time." That kind of father-son relationship is sincere and cannot be whitewashed. Therefore, from the depths of Tongzhi Emperor's heart, he is certainly willing to be buried in Dongling, because there is his father and emperor here.
The second is to be accompanied by the mother. This empress is not Cixi, but Ci'an. Emperor Tongzhi was awed by his birth mother, Cixi, and even bored. This is actually a kind of rebellious psychology of children towards their parents. On the contrary, he trusts Cian very much and has deep feelings. Here are a few examples to illustrate: When choosing the queen, he stood on the side of the Empress Dowager Ci'an and rebelled against his biological mother; he even had a secret business with the empress Dowager Ci'an to get rid of An Dehai, a close eunuch of his biological mother, Cixi. According to the "Manchu Qing Barnyard History", Ci'an said to Emperor Tongzhi: "You want someone with the courage, but Shandong governor Ding Baozhen." Ding Baozhen really lived up to his expectations and ordered people to arrest An Dehai, "play it, and then the law." Therefore, although the Tongzhi Emperor and the Empress Dowager Ci'an are not biological, they have a very close relationship of trust, including the affection between mother and child. In this way, Emperor Tongzhi certainly had a kind of attached mother-child affection to the Empress Dowager Ci'an. With her company, Emperor Tongzhi was not alone.
The third is to be accompanied by a beloved woman. This woman is his Queen of the Palace, Arut. Arut is two years older than Emperor Tongzhi, and the two have a very good relationship. It is mainly Arut's temperament that attracted the young emperor. Arut's poetry, literature, calligraphy and painting are proficient in everything, and she can also calligraphy with the left hand. Regarding this, "Qing Gong Ci" has a description: "Xunyu's color can spread the country, but the negative is left in the palace." A typical talented woman, although Emperor Tongzhi did not study hard, she liked talented women very much. In this way, although Cixi strongly intervened in the relationship between their husband and wife and did not allow them to meet frequently, the emperor and empress were connected and in love. Until the last days, Alut was also with him, wiped the dirt from his wounds, took good care of him, and sent him for the last time. Just 75 days after the death of Emperor Tongzhi, Alut also committed suicide and followed the soul of Emperor Tongzhi. Therefore, the coffins of the two of them went to the Tanglin Longfu Temple to stop the spirits together, and were buried in the underground palace on March 26th in the fifth year of Guangxu. It can be said that they loved each other during their lifetime and were buried together after death. With the company of a beloved woman, Emperor Tongzhi would certainly not feel alone.
Fourth is accompanied by loyal ministers. Around Huiling, the lonely soul of a loyal official was buried with him. He was Wu Ke, the head of the staff. How could Wu Ke Ke get involved with Hui Ling? Wu Ke Ke, a native of Lanzhou, Gansu, was a Jinshi in Daoguang 30 years ago, and was a former imperial historian. Wu is readable and straightforward and outspoken. During the Tongzhi period, a man named Cheng Lu served as the admiral of Urumqi, killing innocent people indiscriminately, but faked his military exploits, causing an uproar in the government and the opposition. Wu can read the letter: "Please cut Chenglu to thank Ganmin, and then cut the minister to thank Chenglu." Wu can read the words, too straightforward. As a result, it was downgraded to three levels. On March 26th of the fifth year of Guangxu, the Yongan ceremony of Emperor Tongzhi was very grand. Empress Dowager Cixi led the Manchu civil and military to Huiling. The lonely Huiling immediately became lively and became the center of politics at that time. Wu Ke Ke also participated in this Yong'an ceremony. Everything was carried out according to the prescribed procedures. The coffins of Emperor Tongzhi and Empress Arut were carried on the dragon sugar carts and slowly entered the underground palace along two wooden tracks. Placed on the stone bed. Then, Cixi and the others bid them their final farewell, exit the underground palace, and close the stone gates one by one. There were four stone gates in total, all of which were closed, and the construction staff hurriedly filled the tomb passage. When everything was over, Cixi and others returned to Beijing. Everyone is gone, but one person didn't go. He wants to accompany the lonely emperor Zhidi, who is Wu Ke, the head of the staff. Wu Ke could not stay in the mausoleum and came to Jizhou in the west of the mausoleum. Seeing that it was getting late, he lived in an abandoned temple. In this lonely abandoned temple, Wu Ke Ke's thoughts boiled, and he picked up a night book. What is he writing? He did two things: First, he wrote the memorial, which he prepared to give to Cixi. In this memorandum, Wu Reading expounded his views vividly and vividly. He made a request to the Empress Dowager Cixi: "The emperor Tong heir gives birth to a prince, that is, he inherits the Emperor Daxing as heir." In other words, if the current emperor has a prince, thenHe is the prince of Emperor Tongzhi. This is tantamount to fighting for the sons of Emperor Tongzhi. One is a poem written on the wall. After Wu Ke finished reading and writing the memorial, he realized the weight of the memorial. Once it was handed over, with Cixi's temper, he would be severely punished for interfering in royal affairs like this, and he would lose his life if he didn't make trouble. More importantly, the request of one's memorial will not be answered. How to do it? Wu Readi's paranoid character is here again, he decides to adopt a deadly remonstrance method. So, he wrote a desperate poem on the wall, in which there are two sentences: "If you want to know the lonely courtier loves the house, Huiling Fengyu Jimendong." (The Complete Works of Xie Xue Tang) is here, Wu Ke can use the word "solitary" to describe his situation, which is just right. It is the lone soul of a lone official who is watching this lonely Huiling Mausoleum here, which is really stupid and loyal. After Wu Readi finished all this, he "hanged himself, never stopped, and died on the medicine"-it was unfortunate that he tried to die and had to work hard. Wu Ke Ke also made a request in his suicide note-he should be buried in Jizhou. To make it clearer, his purpose of being buried here is to be with Huiling. Because Jizhou is just west of Huiling, he is equivalent to buried Huiling with him. However, no one is sure whether Wu Read's wishful thinking can be realized, and what kind of attitude Cixi will be like. Empress Dowager Cixi read Wu Read's notes. Although she was very angry, she was also touched. After all, she was a piece of loyalty from the old minister. Cixi fulfilled his wish: First, if Emperor Guangxu had a son in the future, he would also be the heir of Emperor Tongzhi; Second, he would be buried in Jizhou and be buried next to Huiling. Cixi agreed to his request in this way, which Wu Ke did not expect in his lifetime.
This is the Huiling Mausoleum of Emperor Tongzhi, a lonely mausoleum in a forgotten corner. However, his domineering mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, buried him in Tanglin, with so many relatives accompanying him, which somewhat diminished this sense of loneliness. After the death of Emperor Tongzhi, his brother Guangxu succeeded Emperor Guangxu who was at the end of the dynasty. What interesting stories will happen in his mausoleum? We will introduce it in the next lecture.
