Hua Qingen is fortunate that the ancients are incompetent, and she is afraid of crests.
is not immune to being laughed at by him, and only teaches the emperor to be in the dust for a while.
This is the famous work "Huaqing Palace" by Li Shangyin, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, which directly stabbed Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for being licentious and mistaken for the country. He also wrote "Lishan Feelings", saying: "Every time Pingming is fortunate for the Palace of Longevity, he does not follow the King of Jinyu but the King of Life." It was almost a curse.
The Tang people's theory on the decline is mostly attributed to Tang Xuanzong, and seldom accuses Yang Yuhuan. Tang Xuanzong was once regarded as a generation of British masters and the creator of the rule of the sky. Why did he make mistakes and make mistakes again in his later years?
For Tang Xuanzong, there are still two major mysteries that have caused controversy in the past.
First, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was licentious and took pill. Considering that his grandfather, Gaozong Li Zhishou was only 55 years old, and his father, Ruizong Li Danshou was also 55 years old, why he could live to 77 years old and become Chu Wu Zetian (To be 81 years old) Besides, the emperor who lived the longest in the Tang Dynasty?
Second, Tang Xuanzong had 30 sons and 30 daughters in his life. Yang Yuhuan accompanied him for 18 years. He was known as "three thousand pets in one body." Although Tang Xuanzong was over 50 years old, with his tenacious vitality, why didn't he stay? Baby?
There are many claims, but most people ignore the Taoist factors behind them.
Tang Xuanzong
Dance in the four schools of disputes
Taoism was the state religion in the Tang Dynasty, and Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty especially advocated Taoism.
Scholar Wang Guiping pointed out in "Tang Xuanzong and Maoshan Dao": "Tang Xuanzong strongly advocated the study of Taoist scholarship, set up Xuanxuan studies, and selected talents with the four classics of Lao, Zhuang, Wen, and Lie as the test content. He personally commented and commented. "Tao Te Ching" was promulgated throughout the country, requiring everyone to study it."
Tang Xuanzong emphasized the importance of Taoism. Due to the Kaiyuan Tianbao period (713-756), the four major political factions of the Tang Dynasty played fiercely (by scholar Xu Hean "On Tang Xuanzong" The four political groups during the Kaiyuan Tianbao period" said), they are:
Eunuchs: represented by Gao Lishi. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, eunuchs were not used again. After the rise of Wu Zetian, he relied on eunuchs to fight against courtiers, but he did not break the rule of "no third-ranked officials in the Ministry of Internal Servant" set by Li Shimin. With the assistance of Gao Lishi, Tang Xuanzong defeated Princess Taiping, and eunuchs could serve as generals. ,And can hold soldiers.
Civilian faction: represented by Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiuling. Started mostly from literary bureaucrats and secretaries, with many party members.
Officials: represented by Yao Chong, Song Jing, Yu Wenrong, Li Linfu, etc. Although they were born in the imperial examination, their officials can be reused and they pay special attention to management. But Yao Chong and Song Jing were both promoted by Wu Zetian, and they were not trusted by Tang Xuanzong.
Hu Jiangpai: represented by Ge Shuhan, An Lushan, Gao Xianzhi, Shi Siming, etc. In the early Tang Dynasty, the government adopted the military system, the state provided land, tax-free, usually farming, and fought in wartime. The government soldiers are under unified management, usually under the management of the Zhechong government in various places, and are only assigned to the generals during wars. Therefore, "the soldiers will not see the generals and will not know the soldiers." The soldiers had no freedom of movement, and they were close to serfs. In addition to the false reports of the various chong mansions, by the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, they were already unbearable for a battle. If the army is abolished, the recruitment will expand. The general recruits, trains, and distributes his own money. The generals are able to have a semi-separated regime.
For the four factions, Tang Xuanzong both fought and pulled.
(Qing Dynasty) Yuan Jiang's "Lishan Summer Resort"
superficially admires secret control
is the balance of the four sects. Tang Xuanzong is closely related to Maoshan Taoism. It was the largest Taoist sect at that time with many believers. Grasping the Maoshan faction will also control the people, and will not be afraid that the four factions will threaten the imperial power.
According to Mr. Wang Guiping, Tang Xuanzong first advocated Sima Chengzhen, the master of Maoshan, and even worshipped him as his teacher with his sister, Princess Yuzhen, and lived in Wangwushan for his construction. Then Li Hanguang, the master of Chong Maoshan, from the fourth year of Tianbao (745) to the thirteenth year (754) of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent 24 edicts to Maoshan.
Tang Xuanzong did not fully believe in religion. For example, when he commented on the Tao Te Ching, he believed that the main theme was: "It depends on the body and the country. Liguo is absolutely brilliant, and teaches nothing but inaction.... The body is less selfish and widowed, with a modest heart and a solid stomach as its business." More emphasis on political function.
Back then, Queen Wei and Princess Taiping conspired a coup d'etat, and Ye Fashan from Maoshan Road once reported the news. Taking into account the civil chaos in the past dynasties, and often called by Taoist talisman, Tang Xuanzong could not help but guard.
On the one hand, he asked Sima Chengzhen to move to Wangwu Mountain because he was afraid that he would have trouble with the people.
on the other hand,All the handwritings of Yang Erxu (that is, Yang Xi, Xu Mi, and Xu Wei, the founders of Maoshan Tao), Tao Hongjing (the great master of Maoshan Tao) and others in the Maoshan Taoist collection were deceived, and they were collected by the court through occupation "Holy Object" to control Maoshan Road.
Although he advocated Taoism, Tang Xuanzong did not allow frequent exchanges between his subordinates and Taoist priests. He once ordered: "Below the prince, please place the house in the temple." Later, he ordered that the common people and the monks should not be in contact with each other too much. Officials often use monks, nuns and Taoists as their disciples to return, and wives have nothing to avoid... Since now, hundreds of officials have no choice but to accommodate monks and nuns at home. Those who need to set up fasts for good or bad luck are all in Chen Zong, Zhou County. Temple view, listen to it by number."
Benefit from Taoist health
Tang Xuanzong got a lot of benefits when interacting with Taoist people, at least learned the knowledge of Taoist health.
In the early days of Taoism, Tao Hongjing once said: "The way of husband and student is to treat diseases first, so as not to make the body weak and evil, reduce blood and brain, and body fluid. Do not cure the disease first, although you can take food. It’s useless to learn.” It means that the path of cultivating immortality must first understand the path of medicine, so there are many famous doctors in Taoism.
Sun Simiao wrote in "A Thousand Golden Wing Fangs · Miscellaneous Diseases": "In Zhenguan, a heroic expedition, he was succumbed to the fat on his back, and the arrow was four inches deep. He couldn't make the world famous, so he stayed in the flesh. Might as well sit, and often there will be more pus, the first year of Yonghui (650 years, Tang Gaozong reign) autumn, let Yu see the doctor, Yu is the place."
Sun Simiao got sick, Gaozong wanted to worship him. Admonish the doctor, but Sun refused.
It stands to reason that the imperial imperial physicians should have the highest level. Why did the emperor ask Taoist priests for treatment? This is related to the social taboos at the time:
First of all, "If you don't take medicine for the third time, don't take the medicine." That is to say, he has only practiced medicine for three generations, and no one dared to use his medicine. (There are also explanations that the third generation refers to the "Huang Di Zhen Jing", "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and "Su Nv Mai Jue", which is not used in this article). Hereditary doctors seek stability but not effectiveness, and their medical skills have seriously degraded.
Second, there is no need to square. That is to say in "A Thousand Gold Prescriptions": "A prescription for a doctor should not make other doctors reconcile... It is better not to take the medicine, and be naive, not to make the foolish doctor jealous, the life of the thief, and it is even sad." It means that everyone is different. Different, the medicine should be prescribed by person, and a unified prescription cannot be used.But the imperial physician can only prescribe prescriptions after more professional studies.
Third, the punishment is too heavy. "Tang Lv Shuyi" stipulates: "Zhuhehe imperial medicine, if the mistake is not as good as the original prescription and the wrong title, the doctor will hang." In other words, the doctor will be hanged if he makes a mistake. So who dared to treat the emperor, Taoist doctors were more open.
Why did Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty not be "poisoned"
The emperors of the Tang Dynasty all took golden pills. It is generally believed that Tang Taizong, Tang Xianzong, Tang Muzong, Tang Wuzong, and Tang Xuanzong all died because of this. People at that time had the concept of "My life is in heaven", so they followed suit. Tang Xuanzong also took the pill and could write the formula himself.
There are three types of golden pill in the early Tang Dynasty, namely: the golden sand school, which emphasizes gold and dansha; the lead-mercury school, which emphasizes the dansha, which is to first use dansha to burn mercury, and then restore it to dansha; thimerosal school, the main use is sulfur and dansha mercury.
The golden pills of the three schools are all poisonous, and the famous Sui Dynasty doctor Chao Yuanfang has known its harm. In "Theories on the Sources of Diseases", he pointed out: "If the husband takes the stone, the stone is attributed to the kidneys, and the heat rushes to the internal organs. , The internal organs are hot, the body fluid is dry, the kidneys are dry, so you are thirsty and drink." And on this basis, a plan for detoxification was proposed.
The famous doctor Sun Simiao belongs to the Jinsha school. He pays special attention to reducing the toxicity of the pill by adjusting his diet, lifestyle, and medication. Sun Xingyan, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Being bigu is inhumane, or serving for decades is the effect of ears."
means that after taking Jindan, you should not eat or have sex to be effective. Tang Xuanzong probably adopted this "detoxification" method. Tang Dynasty medicine originally had many taboos on sexual intercourse, even when "the old moon is thin eclipse, strong wind and rain, rainbow and ground movement, thunder and lightning, heavy cold and fog, and four seasons of change", they all need to be taboo. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei have no queens, which may be related to this.
Among the four schools in the middle of Korea, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty is partial to the local officials, because it does not emphasize recklessness and practice. Even in the promotion of civil servants, Tang Xuanzong only used those who had the ability of officials. As Zhang said, he not only had administrative achievements, but also had military exploits. However, there are many internal contradictions among the officials. First, Li Linfu and Wei Jian are at odds, then Li Linfu's party Wang Xie and Yang Shenjing are fighting, and then Yang Guozhong and Li Linfu are fighting for power.
The only thing Yang Guozhong can rely on is Concubine Yang Gui.
(yuan) Qian selected "Yang Guifei on Horse"
Tang Xuanzong really loves Yang Guifei?
In the "Old Tang Book",Concubine Yang is called “proficient in talents, good at singing and dancing, good at melody, and brilliant”, while the "Old Tang Book" says: “good at singing and dancing, well versed in music, and wisely counted as a virtuous person.” None of them considered her to be a glamorous beauty.
Actually, Concubine Yang was involved in national politics.
Scholar Zhang Si'en is featured in the "Historical Facts and Influence of Concubine Yang’s Participation in National Affairs". In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Yang Yuhuan was named a noble concubine. Jiannan Jiedu envoy Zhang Qiu Jianqiong sent people to Chang’an, and Contact the Yang family. Yang Guozhong was able to take the position because of Zhang Qiu and Jianqiong's funding.
Concubine Yang handed over Gao Lishi and recognized An Lushan as a godson, which meant to win over the Hujiang faction and the eunuch faction.
At that time, the civil servants were in decline, and later generations fabricated Li Bai to be at odds with Yang's brothers and sisters. When Li Bai resigned, he was only a small official of the sixth rank, and 12 years after his resignation, he gave Yang Guozhong a letter on behalf of Li Xuancheng and praised Yang Guozhong: "Enter the room of Kuilong, hold the right to good fortune. Anshi sits high, and the common people admire." It can be seen that the two people. There is no contradiction.
The expansion of the Yang Family Group poses a threat to the Prince Li Heng Group. During the Anshi Rebellion, Luoyang fell, Tang Xuanzong once ordered Li Heng to imprison the country, and Yang Guifei personally intervened. Therefore, in front of Maweipo, the imperial army supporting Li Heng insisted on the execution of Yang Guifei.
However, Tang Xuanzong did not really trust Concubine Yang.
Among the 60 children of Tang Xuanzong, at least 23 are women (nearly half do not know who the biological mother is). According to the "Old Tang Book", Tang Xuanzong may also be in contact with Mrs. Guo Guo and Concubine Mei at the same time. In addition, Tang Xuanzong once blasted Concubine Yang Guifei from the court twice, once was called back on the same day, and the other time was persuaded by Ji Wen. In addition, Concubine Yang's haircut apologized before the recall.
As a feudal emperor, it is impossible for Tang Xuanzong to have true love with a woman. He and Concubine Yang have no queen, and it is reasonable.
Tang Xuanzong's foot on the air
attributed the cause of the mid-decline of the Tang Dynasty to Concubine Yang, which originated from the novel "Eternal Regret", saying that she was "non-sexy, brilliant and unique. Nie, the first intention is to wish, there are unspeakable people", this is different from Bai Juyi's view.
In the Song Dynasty, the novel "The Biography of Yang Taizhen" believed that Concubine Yang charmed the victim and caused Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty to be lazy in political affairs in his later years.It caused the Anshi chaos, which became the standard interpretation later.
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" said: "Since the Tang Xing, the frontier commanders have been loyal and well-known ministers. They will be appointed soon, and they will not be remote, and they will not be unified." "Although he has insights, he has not escaped the stereotype of "the king uses loyal ministers and the fainted king uses traitorous ministers". The fact is that there was a serious merger problem in the late Tang Xuanzong period. "The homes of the princes and hundreds of officials and the rich will be annexed at will. Don't be afraid of the regulations."
Tang Xuanzong was biased towards the clerical faction, and the opening-up of the sky actually strengthened the Tang government's efforts to plunder private resources. On the surface, government revenues have soared. Looking deeper, the polarization between the rich and the poor among the people has become increasingly serious, and public grievances are boiling. At this time, Tang Xuanzong did not dare to favor the civil official faction, and was afraid of the official faction, so he supported the eunuch faction and the Hu general faction to check and balance.
In the later period of Tang Xuanzong's deliberate performance, he lacked enterprising spirit and acted in an overly aggressive style of calming officials. But he didn't notice that under the recruitment system, the strength of the Hu generals was growing rapidly. After all, the recruiting system was the old system of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong used recruiting when he conquered Korea. Tang Xuanzong may also hope to use the military exploits of the Hu Jiang faction to offset social contradictions. As a result, the situation became unmanageable.
Tang Xuanzong missed Yang Yuhuan in his later years. It was not that the two of them had a good relationship, but that he was under house arrest by Li Heng and could only be active in the palace. He could not even meet his younger sister, Princess Yuzhen. Fortunately, when he was young, the Taoist doctors laid a solid foundation for Tang Xuanzong, plus he learned Taoist health techniques, so he lived to 77 years old. (Editor in charge: Shen Feng)
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