On July 11, 1946, the pro-democracy fighter Li Gongpu was shot and killed by secret agents on the street. On July 15, after attending the memorial service for Li Gongpu, Wen Yiduo and his eldest son, Wen Lihe, were chased and killed by secret agents on the way home. In the death, the eldest son Wen Lihe was shot 5 times and was rescued.
Upon learning of the murders of Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo, Chiang Kai-shek, who was staying away from the summer in Lushan, was very angry. He immediately called and asked Mao Renfeng, the head of the military reunification,: "Who did it?" Mao Renfeng didn't know it, except that he didn't let him go. made.
Almost all add to the pain of this matter "Chiang Kai-shek Diary" manuscript
On July 17, when Chiang Kai-shek received a telegram from Lu Han that Wen Yiduo was assassinated, he immediately responded to the telegram. , Within three days to catch the righteous and murderous, not to delay, and wrote down in the diary of the depressed mood at that time.
Chiang Kai-shek made such a reaction in the first time, which shows that he had foreseen the severity of the incident, but the wave caused by the Li Wen case at home and abroad still exceeded his expectations.
recorded in the "One-Week Introspection Record": How many days this week I feel upset and melancholy about this matter.
mentioned again in the "January Introspection Record": Kunming Li Wen's assassination has made the government very difficult politically.
It can also be seen that Chiang Kai-shek did not know about the assassination in advance. However, it was this "small action" that broke his "big action", and only hated the people below who "succeeded less than failed." History has also proved that the murders of Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo have become an important symbol of Jiang's disillusionment.
In 1946, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the reconciliation period between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, there were continuous killings of democrats. At home and abroad, including the United States, which supported Chiang, public opinion was more unfavorable to Chiang.
First of all, the "December 21 Massacre", the Southwest United University and other colleges and universities teachers and students were killed and injured. The commander-in-chief of Yunnan Garrison Guan Linzheng still had hand grenades inside the school, and his behavior was really heinous. Later, Guan Linzheng was transferred and Huo Kuizhang took over as the commander-in-chief of the Yunnan garrison.The new official took office, three fires, and Huo Kuizhang was thinking about how to perform in front of Jiang and ask for credit and rewards, and maybe he could be promoted to another level.
Huo Rang, Director of the Inspection Division, Wang Zimin investigates the situation of the CCP’s underground party, the Democratic League, and progressive teachers and students. Peng Jingren, the head of the Princemin United Gendarmerie Regiment, formulated an assassination plan. This plan contained a specific plan of action. The targets of the assassination were all 10 members of the NLD Central Committee, including Li Gongpu, Wen Yiduo, Fei Xiaotong, and Wu Han. It is scheduled to be completed within three days, with a bonus of 500,000 fiat currency for each kill, and a promotion.
At ten o'clock in the evening on July 11, Li Gongpu and his wife Zhang Manyun took a bus back to their apartment, got off at the college, and fell to the ground on the college slope. The agents scattered and drove away. His wife, Zhang Manyun, immediately rushed Li Gongpu to the hospital for rescue. The bullet passed through the abdomen, causing excessive blood loss. Li Gongpu died at 5 o'clock in the morning the next morning because the rescue failed.
Li Gongpu saved one of the seven gentlemen of the National Assembly and a well-known democracy advocate for peace. The news spread on the night of his assassination. Local people want to know the reason and the details of the assassination.
The assassin's pistol was close to Li Gongpu's waist, and the sound was very small, "very small explosion", even his wife Zhang Manyun was discovered when Li Gongpu fell to the ground and issued "I have been shot".
Then the police came and caught a man named Li Chengye. After interrogation, he just passed by and saw someone injured and fell to the ground. He hurriedly left, not the murderer, and was released afterwards.
Newspapers also rushed to report, and even interviewed and published Li Gongpu's attending doctor Cheng Yixiong's conversation.
The Democratic League is still very cautious in expressing protest because it is under the eyes of people, and it uses "reactionaries" to allude to the murderer.
Huo Kuizhang also pretended to issue a notice to arrest the murderer, saying some words of righteousness and awe-inspiring to protect the environment and the people. Ordinary people may not be clear, but the Southwestern Union's masters, students and the China Democratic League are very clear, and they posted slogans and pointed the finger at Huo.
The public opinion was everywhere, and it did not stop the subsequent assassination. On July 15, Wen Yiduo gave an impassioned "Last Speech" at Li Gongpu's memorial service. After the end, he and his eldest son Wen Lihe were killed on the way back to the staff dormitory.
time is five o’clock in the afternoon,Rather than assassination, it is better to say "clear killing". The gunshots were so loud that they could be heard across the street. The location was at the entrance of the faculty dormitory in Xi Cangpo, Southwest Associated University, and there were a few steps left before the father and son walked in.
Opposite the dormitory is the Yunnan Guard Headquarters, and there is also a police station one or two hundred meters away. The assailant was confident, leaving a bullet in the ground.
As soon as the case of Wen Yiduo came out, Huo Kui-zhang repeated his old tricks, issued a notice to arrest the real culprit, and vowed to punish him severely.
According to Huo Kuizhang's path, in the end, the murderer must not be caught. The telegram that Chiang Kai-shek sent to them really wanted to catch the murderer.
The Kuomintang also opposes the use of violent methods against people outside the party, and advocates that the real culprit must be found. Weng Wenhao, the vice president of the Executive Yuan, pointed out in a telegram that no matter where the murderer came from, the confession must be announced and the punishment must be severely punished quickly.
The situation intensified, which greatly exceeded Huo Kuizhang’s expectations. Originally, he wanted to get a reward for his merits, but now he was hitting himself in the foot with a stone. "People, kill two birds with one stone" strategy, it is not others, but our own people.
Picture/Huo Cuizhang
On July 20, Huo ordered the arrest of Lieutenant General Yang Lide. Yang Lide was once an important staff member of Long Yun, the former chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government. Long Yun was in charge of Yunnan for 18 years and was a local power faction that Jiang was very jealous of. So in October 1945, he was transferred to the post of dean of the Military Senate.
Long Yun left Yunnan, but his power in Yunnan still cannot be underestimated. Seeing that Long Jiang's appearance was in perfect harmony, Huo Kuizhang thought of blaming Yang Lide and getting rid of him by the way.
They forced Yang Lide to "recognize the organization of the assassination squad," and tortured him completely beyond recognition. They used electrocution, which caused him to be confused.
On July 22 and 23, Jiang Lian sent a letter and telegraphed Huo "Millai Lushan face report". Huo Kuizhang defied Jiang’s order and did not leave for a long time. He was waiting for Yang Lide’s confession. On the 25th, Yang Lide was beaten into a move. Huo Cai set off for Lushan. At the same time, he revealed to the media that he had clues and could solve the case soon. Alluding to the fact that the third child of the Lord Longyun, Long Sheng, has and has fled to Zhaotong's hometown.
All of a sudden, the newspapers reported on Huo Kuizhang's remarks.This lie was quickly exposed by his family. Li Yiping, the former vice chairman of the Yunnan Provisional Senate, expressed his opinion. It turns out that Long Yun's third son, Long Sheng, had returned to Zhaotong last year and never returned to Kunming. Yang Lide is also a well-known loyal elder. He usually entertains himself with paintings and calligraphy.
Picture/Long Yun
Actually, Huo Kui-zhang reported to Jiang just as he caught Yang Lide. Chiang Kai-shek was also skeptical and ordered him to monitor Long Yun's two sons.
Now Li Yiping came out to refute, Huo Kuizhang came back from Lushan to face the reporter and "shut up", and became "maybe there is a problem" again.
Although Long Yun is in an idle position, he is still an admiral and cannot tolerate being framed by villains, so he made a public statement, and if there is any false report, he will be held legally responsible.
Later, Long Yun visited Marshall who came to China as an American envoy. For a time, it was rumored that Long Yun's conversation with Marshall involved the murder of Li Gongpu Wen Yiduo. For this reason, the Central News Agency, the official media of the KMT, came out to refute the rumors.
Rumor has it that Long Shi once talked with Ma Shuai about the Li Wen case, but nothing happened.
This person explained that the impact of the murder of Li Wen has spread to a wider range.
So who will investigate the truth of the case?
The NLD organization requested to participate in the investigation, and proposed that the United States should also send a representative to participate in the tripartite investigation team: the government, the NLD, and representatives of the United States.
The U.S. is invited to participate, and the China Democratic League has also deliberated and hoped that the investigation will be fair and just. Marshall agreed, and there was no reason for rejection. The tripartite joint investigation plan was rejected by Chiang Kai-shek, and he did not want the Li Wen case to expand to the world.
The NLD participating investigators Liang Shuming and Zhou Xinmin were also repeatedly blocked and only arrived in Kunming on August 6.
In fact, when Chiang Kai-shek learned of Wen Yiduo's assassination on July 17, he ordered the Chief of Police Department Tang Zong to fly to Kunming to investigate. Tang Zong quickly got the detailed information of the people involved in the murder.But when he got Huo Kuizhang in front of him, Huo Die refused to admit it. Only then did Chiang Kai-shek summon Huo Kuizhang to secretly go to Lushan to make a face-to-face report.
For Jiang, he just wants to find a solution as soon as possible to maintain the government's good image, not the image of violent methods against people with different political opinions. Huo was smart enough to put blame on others, and Jiang was reprimanded by Jiang as "childish and absurd!"
The solution was "the government should take the initiative to investigate this case thoroughly", and then let Huo solve the problem by himself. Huo Kuizhang immediately arrested all the personnel involved in the operation at the time and called on someone to come out as "martyrs." On July 26, Jiang sent Army Commander Gu Zhutong to handle the case with full authority.
Under the promise that the senior official Houlu and the "stand-in" had found good, two people came forward. They were the company commander of the Yunnan Police Headquarters Secret Service Battalion Tang Shiliang and the platoon commander Li Mingshan. But during the public trial on August 15, their names were changed to Tang Shiliang and Li Wenshan.
also prepared two substitutes in advance to replace them during execution. Everyone knows that this is just a superficial article. The China Democratic League proposes not to finalize the case. There are many doubts.
Gu Zhutong reported to Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang also had a headache because he received a letter from President Truman a week ago. Wen Yiduo once studied in the United States, a well-known scholar at home and abroad, the public opinion in the United States is also very detrimental to Jiang for his murder.
Under pressure, Tang Shiliang and Li Wenshan were sentenced to death during the second public trial, and Huo Kuizhang was dismissed. Liang Shuming and other members of the Democratic League publicly declared: Tang and Li are confident, because someone will replace them when the death sentence is executed.
Jiang Jieshi was also worried about being deceived, and ordered Gu Zhutong to report to him the photos of Tang Li before his death and after his execution.
Figure/Marshall
Whether the execution was Tang Li himself, I am afraid that only the party concerned knows. Years later, the intoxication who worked in the military system also claimed: "The execution was a substitute, and Tang Li and others participated. The personnel have always been protected in Dali and were punished after liberation."
The assassination of Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo also caused panic among other democrats. At that time, Tsinghua University President Mei Yiqi sent an emergency phone call to the Ministry of Education on the day Wen Yiduo was assassinated, telling everyone about their own dangers. The Minister of Education Zhu Jiahua also reported to Chiang Kai-shek that people in the education sector feel more anxious about the situation.
Many people sought asylum from the U.S. Consulate in Kunming,19 people entered the consulate, including professors Zhang Xiruo and Fei Xiaotong of Southwest Associated University, professors of Yunnan University, and other staff of the China Democratic League, including the professor's family members.
After Huo Kui-zhang asked people to the consulate to no avail, he submitted a personal safety guarantee, and they left the consulate one after another. Unexpectedly, some newspapers published articles mocking democrats for their lack of fighting spirit and fear of death. So Fei Xiaotong and others returned to the consulate.
After this storm, both Marshall and Stuart felt the situation was serious. Zhou Enlai also said to Marshall: "..., it is difficult for him to persuade his comrades to accept the government's requirements for northern Jiangsu."
Picture/Left: Zhang Zhizhong, Middle: Marshall, Right: Zhou Enlai
Marshall's mission on this trip is to support Chiang Kai-shek to establish a stable multi-party government in order to realize the strategic plan of the United States in the Far East and prevent the Soviet Union from taking advantage of it. The current civil war is on the verge of breaking out. Because of the Li Wen case, it is difficult to achieve peace negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the US military aid plan to China has also been shelved. Truman's letter to Chiang Kai-shek tells of the accusations made by American university professors against Jiang.
Inseparable from the arms support of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek had to order the execution of both Tang and Li in mid-August. He was still soft on Huo Kui-chang, but was only dismissed. In March of the following year, Huo came back again, and Long Yun, who had not said a word, stood up. At the meeting, he bluntly stated that Huo had a mistake first, and he had not reported truthfully, which caused shock at home and abroad. Jiang had to order Huo to be "strictly controlled."
The Li Wen case shocked China and foreign countries. However, the arrest of all the real culprits has spanned 23 springs and autumns.
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chen Geng moved to Kunming and quickly found out the truth. In 1951, the murderers Wang Zimin, Li Jiajie and Yuan Bingnan who caused the Li Wen tragedy were executed.
Cai Yunqi, a fish that slipped through the net, was exposed by the masses and executed in 1958. Zhao Fengxiang, the murderer of Li Gongpu, was found out in 1969 and sentenced to death.
The mastermind Huo Kui-zhang fled to Taiwan in 1949 and died in Taiwan in 1953. And this stubborn person, in 1947 and indulged in the incident, still has infinite emotion: "If you wait until today, then it is not a fault but a merit." It is really unsettled.
The blood debt is finally tasted,The sacrifices of Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo ushered in a big shift in people's hearts. They did not sacrifice in vain, but we hope they will live and continue their careers.
Mr. Wen Yiduo's "Song of the Seven" with the return of Macau, almost everyone in the country can sing, the touching melody echoes in everyone's heart, always paying tribute to the dedication and sacrifice of the ancestors.
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