On October 10, the anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution
111 years ago, Xinhai Revolution broke out, ending China's autocratic system for more than two thousand years. It was a great revolutionary movement and also a great folk revolution. The top ten social customs have been completely changed since the Xinhai Revolution.
On October 10, 1911, a bourgeois democratic revolution broke out in China. That year was counted as the year of Xinhai, so it was called Xinhai Revolution.
It happened on the basis of the increasingly corrupt Qing Dynasty, the further deepening of imperialist aggression, and the initial growth of Chinese national capitalism.
"Entertainment to save the people from water and fire, and support the building to collapse."
The Revolution of 1911, with its thrilling power of the times, ended China's feudal monarchy system for more than two thousand years, promoted China's social progress, explored the path for the development and progress of the Chinese nation, and became a tall milestone on the great journey of national rejuvenation .
Today is the 111th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution. Let’s take a look at what major changes have occurred in Chinese folk customs after the Xinhai Revolution~
11 Revolution
new dresses are prosperous, feather top refill clothes are destroyed; hair cuts are prosperous, braids are destroyed; patriotic hats are prosperous, melon skin hats are destroyed; heaven feet are prosperous, slender feet are destroyed; solar calendars are prosperous, lunar calendars are destroyed; bows are prosperous, kneeling and worshiping are destroyed.
The Xinhai Revolution was a bourgeois democratic revolution in the relatively complete sense of modern China. It brought an liberation effect to the Chinese people in politics and ideology, and the concept of democratic republic has also been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Cut off the braids
From then on, the man changed his face
1912, after the Xinhai period, President Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to tell the people to cut braids.
At that time, the revolutionaries regarded braids as the evil policy of the Qing Dynasty and were a symbol of Manchu nobles' enslavement of Han people. The revolutionaries used braids to stimulate the people's anti-Qing consciousness.
After the Wuchang Uprising , braid-cutting movement swept across the country . The revolutionary military government set up a propaganda team and a "braid-cutting team" to check along the streets and even "service to the door".
"Portrait Cut Text" stipulates: "All those who have not removed the braid will be cut off for 20 days on the day of order. Anyone who does not follow the law will be violated."
At that time, a trend of braid cutting was set off in various places. A poem says: "The young man in the city is good at doing things, holding fast clippings in his hands. When he saw the pig tail and the tip of the sword, the bystanders clapped his hands and shouted."
Do not use foot binding
Women can finally walk strode
March 13, 1912, President Sun Yat-sen ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to order women to ban foot binding in all provinces across the country. The "Persisting to ban foot binding" pointed out: "When you remove the old and the new, these evils should be removed in advance to cultivate the foundation of the country."
From then on, the vulgarity of women to ban foot binding was gradually abolished.
foot binding is recorded in ancient Chinese literature, but it only existed in individual "dancers" at that time.
Since 5th dynasty The late emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty ordered the palace servants to use silk to bind their feet and dance in lotus flowers, and everyone liked it. Since the Song Dynasty, with the strengthening of the constraints of ethics and ethics, foot binding has become a general rule that women should abide by.
Therefore, putting enough has become one of the important symbols of women liberating from the feudal shackles.
Change in new clothes
Zhongshan suit replaced the small jacket
After the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen always felt that the suit style was cumbersome and inconvenient to wear, and the traditional Chinese long gown jacket cannot fully reflect the spirit of the Chinese people's progress.
So, based on the popular student uniforms in Japan at that time, he asked the tailor to design and create a new set of clothing. The top changed the stand-up collar to a straight lapel . The front body had four mouths and four pockets, and each pocket was added with a "mountain-shaped" cover; the pants were sewn in front, and a dark button was used, and there was a large dark pocket on each side.
This new style of clothing is called "Zhongshan Clothing" . Its biggest advantage is that it is practical, convenient and beautiful. You can put pens, notebooks and other supplies in your pocket.
Zhongshan suit was soon popular among the masses and later became the official dress in China.
is renamed
no longer called "master" please call me "sir"
bourgeois revolutionaries demand that formal equality be maintained and oppose all formal inequality in the feudal system.
Therefore, Sun Yat-sen also attached great importance to the titles between officials and people, between superiors and subordinates, and between people in the Republic of China, and issued an order to abolish the titles of "greats" and "masters" in the Qing Dynasty officialdom. Officials are called "official positions", and the people are called "sir" or "some monarch".
Use official positions, gentlemen, and lords to replace masters and adults as the title. It is the inequality of using personality equality instead of identity , and its influence spreads to all corners of society.
No longer kneeling for worship
Equality means no longer bowing down and bowing
The ceremony of kneeling for worship is a feudal etiquette that advocates ignorance, loyalty, filial piety, and reflects extreme inequality in personality.
Therefore, at the provincial representative meetings in Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen proposed to abolish kneeling and worship , and stipulated that ordinary meeting is one bow, and the most salute is three bows .
After the Xinhai Revolution, social customs became new. Bowing and shaking hands replaced the original kneeling etiquette, and Chinese customs began to truly integrate into world civilization.
The current handshake is not only an important etiquette in modern social occasions, but also often becomes a symbol of resolving crises and enhancing friendship.
No different from men and women
You can ride a car together and go shopping with hands
In the past, high-ranking officials, nobles, gentry and merchants mostly used sedan chairs to transport their cars, and men and women did not ride them.
After the Xinhai Revolution, taking a new means of transportation became fashionable, and Men and women were also fashionable in the same car , which ultimately deconstructed the hidden social hierarchy formed by the sedan. At
, Shanghai, "there are people riding in various cars, carriages, trams, some people riding in sedan chairs, some people walking together, some people riding in hand, some people riding in the same car with their left and right."
At this point, even those who have strongly suppressed the old order and protected the power of the "coach system" were criticized as being injustice, and they are no longer able to turn things around.
AD chronology
uses the solar calendar to connect with the world
After Sun Yat-sen was elected president, he quickly proposed to switch to the solar calendar case.
Someone opposed it at that time, saying: Confucius advocates "the time of summer".
Sun Yat-sen said: Confucius was a descendant of Yin. He opposed Zhou Li, but he could not propose to use Yin Li at that time, so he advocated "the time of Xia".
Our ancestor Xuanyuan took the winter solstice as the beginning of the year, and the popular solar calendar in the world today takes the tenth day after the winter solstice as the beginning of the year. The two are similar, so it is better to use the solar calendar than the summer calendar.
Finally, most representatives agreed with Sun Yat-sen's opinion and passed the proposal to switch to the Gregorian calendar.
After the Xinhai Revolution, the internationally accepted Gregorian calendar nationwide was adopted to replace the traditional Chinese calendar, and added new festivals such as National Day and New Year's Day .
Improved new drama
Female actors can also participate in the performance
During the Revolution of 1911, the new drama was a powerful weapon for the bourgeois democrats to promote revolutionary ideas. In the early years of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen wrote the four big words "Improved New Drama", which promoted the development of the drama industry.
At that time, the Beijing drama industry was very conservative. The female actors were played by men, and women were not allowed to act on stage.
Tianjin is very close to Beijing. Because it was designated as a commercial port and was influenced by Western culture, a group of female actors emerged there long before the Revolution of 1911.
1912, the famous Peking Opera actor Yu Zhenting took advantage of the new drama to improve the trend and invited Tianjin female actors to Beijing to perform. set a precedent for female actors to perform in the Beijing opera world .
Then, batches of female actors entered the capital, bringing a new atmosphere to the Beijing drama world.
ban opium removal
will no longer be the "sick man of East Asia"
Chinese bourgeois revolutionaries are firmly banned smoking. On March 2, 1912, Sun Yat-sen temporarily issued the "Presidential Order to ban smoking" in the name of the interim president. sen severed the nationwide ban on opium , which said:
"Opium poisons China, has been around for a hundred years, is addicted to the noble and humble, and is spreading to the whole country. When it is unemployed, it is consumed and lost money, and is immersed in endlessly. The caste is destroyed. The disaster is not something that can be said to the enemy and foreign troubles."
He also made a request: "I hope that all groups will give lectures and persuade them as they are divided, and do not fear hard work, and strive to make the interests of the Ming Dynasty, move towards the direction, and stop bad habits, and become a new citizen together. Yongxue Yadong's shame of sick husband, and protect the wind of Qingming in the Central Xia .
In the ban on smoking, Sun Yat-sen listed the harm of opium to China, and also pointed out that the harm of opium is more than "the enemy's foreign troubles". The establishment of a new regime is also the best time to eliminate old habits.
No more three wives and four concubines
Monogatti became popular
17
11 Revolution broke through the feudal patriarchal law and brought about changes in the concept of marriage.
advocates free marriage, criticizes feudal arranged marriages, and promotes the monogamy system. Three wives and four concubines are no longer protected by law, and love is the pursuit of young people.
In the past, the marriages arranged by parents, introduced by matchmakers, even traded, and arranged, were abolished, and monogamy became a fashion.
This is a very big progress, requiring marriage to have the ability to be independent . This requirement not only requires men, but also women. The news of the divorce of the emperor in the newspaper was published in the newspaper. This was the top priority at the time and caused a sensation.
The concept of monogamy and freedom of marriage was deeply rooted in people's hearts, and the wedding also clearly accepted the new style from the form to the content. People call this new marriage "civilized marriage" and eventually formed the prototype of the modern wedding ceremony .
html . 0These laws such as cutting hair braids, changing clothes, changing titles, banning foot binding, and advocating feminism have made people's lifestyles simplified and convenient, and have the characteristics of life in the Republic of China.
Democratic thought of equality and independence of everyone gradually became deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, women were liberated, and social status began to improve.
marching through wind and rain, passing on the torch; struggling to achieve success.
On the 111th anniversary of the Revolution of 1911, we should not only commemorate the glorious achievements of the revolutionary ancestors, but also carry forward the innovative spirit of the Revolution of 1911 , not only forget the original intention, and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Today, we pay tribute to the awakened people of the Chinese nation! Today, we continue to strive for to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation !
