Let me talk about Hou Yi, a of the Tang Dynasty. He served 13 emperors in his life. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, he accompanied the Zhao Kuangyin to the ancestors and was treated by the prime minister.
Why are the Tang and Song Dynasties so close, but it feels like a century?
In 907 AD, Zhu Wen forced the Tang Aizong to make a concession and replaced the Tang Dynasty to establish the Houliang regime. The Tang Dynasty, which lasted for 300 years, was officially declared to be destroyed, and , the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms , officially kicked off.
In 960 AD, with the support of a group of his brothers, Zhao Kuangyin led people to persecute the late Emperor Zhou Xiao, Chai Zongxun, and established the Song Dynasty, ending the chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
The Tang and Song dynasties seem to have gone through a long time, but after careful calculation, there are only 53 years in between. So what caused our illusion?
Five generations ten countries , which five generations and ten countries are they referring to?
The so-called five dynasties naturally refers to the five dynasties. In fact, these five dynasties cannot be called Zhenger Bajing dynasties, but because they occupied the Central Plains region and was the largest vassal state at that time, historians classified them as the Five Dynasties. The five generations of
are: , Houliang , Hou Tang, Hou Jin, Hou Han, Hou Zhou. The founders of these five generations are Zhu Wen , Li Cunxie, Shi Jingtan, Liu Zhiyuan and Guo Wei.
Back beam: Zhu Wen was originally a general of Huang Chao, and Huang Chao trusted him very much. It is a pity that Zhu Wen betrayed Huang Chao at a critical moment, and thus won the appreciation of the Tang court and was named the Xuanwu Army Jiedu Shi. He killed Tang Zhaozong first,Li Zong, the young son of Tang Zhaozong, was renamed as Tang Aizong. As a result, Li Zong was forced to give in in 907, thus destroying the Tang Dynasty and establishing the back beam.
Later Tang: Li Keyong, who had been against Zhu Wen, was the leader of the Shatuo Army. He was named King of Jin by the Tang Dynasty and always came to provoke Zhu Wen. Zhu Wen was killed by his son Zhu Yougui , and Zhu Yougui was killed by his younger brother Zhu Youzhen. Finally, in 923 AD, Li Keyong's son Li Cunxu perished after the Liang and established the Later Tang in the same year.
Later Jin Dynasty: In 936 AD, Shi Jingtan, the son-in-law of Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, sold the Sixteenth State of Yanyun in the Later Tang Dynasty to the Khitans for personal gain, and thus gained the support of the Khitans and established and later Jin . With the support of the Khitan people, Shi Jingtang successfully persecuted the late Emperor Li Congke of the Late Tang Dynasty to burn himself to death in the same year, and perished the Later Tang Dynasty.
Hou Han: The Hou Jin has been bullied by the Khitan since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Shi Jingtan is obedient and can barely maintain it. However, after Shi Jingtan's death, Shi Zhonggui was unwilling to listen to the Khitan people's mercy after he took the throne, so the Later Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Qidan in 947 AD. In the same year, Shi Jingtang's confidant general Hedong Jiedu Liu Zhiyuan , because he was dissatisfied with the Khitan people going south to burn, kill, and looting, he became an emperor in Taiyuan and established the post-Han regime.
Hou Zhou: The second year after the founding of the Later Han Dynasty, Liu Zhiyuan died, and his son Liu Chengyou succeeded to the throne. As a result, in 950 AD, Li Shouzhen rebelled, and Liu Chengyou sent general Guo Wei to conquer. Unexpectedly, Guo Wei chose to rebel halfway, and the Later Han was defeated by Guo Wei. Guo Wei established the regime in 951 AD. That is, the last regime of the Five Dynasties.
The ten kingdoms refer to the ten vassal states of the former Shu, Hou Shu, Southern Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Fujian, Southern Chu, Southern Han, Nanping, and Northern Han. They coexist with the Five Dynasties. The creators are: Wang Jian , Meng Zhixiang, Yang Xingmi, Li Fang, Qian Rong, Wang Shenzhi, Ma Yin, Liu Zhi, Gao Jixing , Liu Chong.
The history of the ten countries is rather chaotic, and it can only be seen from the order of priority.
Former Shu: In 907 AD, when the Tang Dynasty fell, Xichuan Jiedu made Wang Jian and was particularly dissatisfied with the rule of Liang Zhuwen, so he established himself as an emperor in Chengdu and established the former Shu regime. As a result, in 925 AD, after Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunxu attacked Qianshu , the last emperor Yan chose to surrender from the city, and Qianshu was destroyed.
Hou Shu: In 925 AD, the former Shu was destroyed by the Later Tang, but after another civil strife broke out in the Later Tang, Li Cunxu was killed. At that time, the deputy envoy of Xichuan Jiedu Meng Zhixiang seized the military power of Xichuan and blocked all connections with later Tang . In 933 AD, Meng Zhixiang was named the king of Shu by the later Tang Mingzong. In 934, Meng Zhixiang established Houshu. As a result, in 965 AD, Meng Chang surrendered to Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, and Hou Shu declared his demise.
Southern Wu: In 902, Yang Xingmi dominated Yangzhou and was named the King of Wu. In 937 AD, Yang Puchan, the last emperor of Southern Wu, gave his throne to Xu Zhigao and declared the demise of Nanwu. At its peak, it occupies the area south of and Huaihe in Jiangxi, eastern Hubei, and Anhui and Jiangsu provinces.
Southern Tang Dynasty: In 937 AD, Xu Zhigao, the founding king of Southern Tang Dynasty, restored his original surname Li, and renamed it Wei, and established the Nantang regime. The most famous of the Southern Tang Dynasty is the second master Li Yu . In 975, Zhao Kuangyin captured Jinling, Li Yu surrendered, and Southern Tang declared its demise.
Wu Yue: In 907 AD, Qian Miao established Wu Yue . Qian Miao was a clever man. He was attached to the Tang Dynasty first, and then to the Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan, and Houwu dynasties. He has always been a vassal state of them, so he was able to keep the Qian family in Zhejiang in peace. In 978 AD, Qian Hongchu returned to the Song Dynasty, and Wu Yue State, which was founded 72 years ago, declared its demise.
Fujian : 909 AD,Wang Shenzhi was canonized as King of Fujian by the Later Liang, and occupied Fujian Province, and the Kingdom of Fujian was formally established. Since then, the territory of Fujian has been in civil strife for the purpose of seizing power. Southern Tang sent troops to destroy Fujian in 945 AD.
South Chu : In 907 AD, the Tang Dynasty declared its demise, and the Wu'an Army Jiedu made Ma Yin the king of Chu by the post-Liang Taizu Zhu Wenli, and the Nanchu regime was formally established. This is the only separatist regime with Hunan as the center in history. In 951 AD, civil strife broke out in Nanchu, Nantang once again took the opportunity to destroy Nanchu.
Southern Han Dynasty: In 907 AD, Liu Yin, who had millions of soldiers, inherited his father's will and unified the Lingnan region. Therefore, he was canonized as the king of Hainan by the late Liang Taizu Zhu Wen. In 917 AD, Liu Yin 's younger brother Liu Zhi formally proclaimed himself emperor and established the Southern Han regime. In 971 AD, in order to destroy the Southern Tang Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin first took a detour to destroy the Southern Han Dynasty.
Nanping: In 924 AD, Gao Jixing, the former Jingnan Jiedu under Zhu Wen, established himself in the local area and was recognized by the Later Tang Dynasty. He was named the king of Nanping . In 963 AD, Gao Jichong returned to the Song Dynasty and Nanping declared its demise.
Northern Han Dynasty: In 951 AD, the Later Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Later Han Dynasty. Liu Zhiyuan's younger brother Liu Chong was attached to the Khitan people, and the Northern Han Dynasty was established in the northwestern part of Shanxi. In 979 AD, the Northern Han regime was annihilated by Emperor Emperor Zhao Guangyi of the Song Dynasty. It was the last vassal state among the ten kingdoms to be destroyed.
The Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms actually have a subordinate relationship on the surface, and the Ten Kingdoms generally exist depending on the Five Dynasties. In fact, they are working on their own, all for their own survival.
In the Tang Dynasty, the people who know most about it are Li Shimin and Wu Zetian. After the Anshi Rebellion in the Li Longji era, everyone's memory of the Tang Dynasty has been blurred.
Anshi Rebellion occurred from 755 to 763 AD, and the Tang Dynasty fell in 907 AD.Then he entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms until 960 AD, when Zhao Kuangyin and Chen Qiao mutiny to establish the Song Dynasty.
In fact, from the end of the Anshi Rebellion to the real demise of the Tang Dynasty, 144 years have passed. These 144 years plus the 53 years between the Tang and Song Dynasties make a total of 197 years, equivalent to two centuries.
Why did the history textbook mention the Mid and Late Tang Dynasty?
is actually very simple, that is, although the middle and late Tang dynasties belonged to vassal administratively, economically and culturally, this administrative disunity promoted the development of economy, culture and social life, and even feudalism. The shackles of society on the person are all relieved because of the administrative inconsistency of after the Anshi Rebellion.
Even the regional economy and people's living standards under the direct control of Tang Zhongshu were not as good as those in the vassal regions. Many people in the vassal regions spontaneously helped the vassal warlords against the Tang dynasty center.
In the last years of the Tang Dynasty, disasters, social turmoil and conflicts intensified, leading to the outbreak of the Peasant War in the late Tang Dynasty led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao. The central government was unable to suppress the peasant uprising, so it had to summon local vassals to encircle and suppress them, and appointed a large number of military commanders. In the end, the Huangchao uprising was suppressed, the separatist forces also took the opportunity to grow, and the towns blossomed all over the country.
After the failure of the peasant uprising, the feudal towns turned into a war of annexation. The central government could only watch the feudal towns fight back and forth. The local feudal towns even breached Chang'an many times and hijacked the emperor in the name of protection. , "Take the emperor to command the princes." The vast majority of the people only know which Jiedushi site they are on, and they don't even know who the emperor of Tang Dynasty is.
Tang Muzong, Tang Jingzong, Tang Wenzong, Tang Xuanzong , Tang Yizong, Tang Xizong, Tang Zhaozong, Tang Ai...the temple names of these Tang emperors,Everyone sounds very unfamiliar, and they don't even know what they have done; Zhu Wen, Li Keyong, Yang Xingmi, Li Maozhen, Wang Jian, Qian Wei... and so on, but the Jiedi envoys are like thunder, which shows how much the Tang Dynasty has declined.
These are also facts, of course, but these facts are not suitable for introduction to junior high school students and high school students, because young people have simple thinking and it is easy to simplify and understand complex things.
Many laws of the Song Dynasty inherited the "Law of the Tang Dynasty", which has a strong inheritance in law, so there is such a saying as "Tangzong Songzu".
They have great similarities in the rules and regulations governing the country.
In terms of political system, the Tang Dynasty government structure is three provinces and six ministries. The Song Dynasty has six ministries, but its powers are smaller and scattered compared with the Tang Dynasty. The military power of the Song Dynasty is dispersed, eliminating the separatism of the vassals from Han to Tang and strengthening centralization. , The central government is more powerful. The generals of the Tang Dynasty were more powerful in the government, and the civil officials of the Song Dynasty had the advantage in the government.
In life, in the Tang Dynasty, the commercial area was separated, and the Song Dynasty commercial area was mixed, as can be seen from the picture of Shanghe River during Qingming Dynasty. The Song Dynasty commerce became more developed, and the scope of foreign trade and non-governmental commerce was wider. This benefited the Song Dynasty and the curfew was actually lifted. The Song Dynasty people had a nightlife. Before the Tang Dynasty, the curfew was strictly enforced. The people of the Song Dynasty lived a life of three meals a day, with more types of food and more entertainment methods, which were unimaginable before the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Dynasty's thought and culture are more open and inclusive. No one kind of thought and culture dominates. There are hundreds of flowers blooming, foreign cultures entering the Tang Dynasty, and foreigners entering the Tang Dynasty, all have an impact on the multiculturalism of the Tang Dynasty. Confucianism in the Song Dynasty occupied a dominant position among the government and the people. Scholars and ordinary people followed Confucian values in their work and life, which was relatively simple compared with the Tang Dynasty.
The same was true for the Tang and Song dynasties. From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the beginning of the Song Dynasty, there were continuous wars and wars between the vassal and towns, and the military commanders were so domineering that the Song Dynasty had to take measures to emphasize civility over military affairs, taking the threat of internal military generals' rebellion as the primary threat The problem was dealt with, and then measures of compromise and concessions were taken externally.
So, this dynasty and the Tang dynasty became completely different.It feels like it has been bad for hundreds of years!
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