The 100th anniversary of the founding of the party this year is also the 45th anniversary of the death of Premier Zhou Enlai.
Premier Zhou Enlai's great achievements in his life cannot be evaluated by any language. I am afraid that the evaluation will be less and the evaluation will be one-sided.
Some people say: "Without Chairman Mao, there would be no New China." But if there were no Premier Zhou Enlai, there would probably be no Communist Party.
Zhou Enlai was born in Huai'an, Jiangsu on March 5, 1898. When he was in elementary school, he set up a grand aspiration to "study for the rise of China". The principal at that time praised: "Great! Zhou Gong! "
was admitted to Nankai School in 1913, and was called the "Prime Minister" by the founder of the school. In 1921, he joined the Communist Party of China.
Premier Zhou Enlai's 50 years of communist revolutionary career has been indispensable for the establishment, development and growth of our party, and it is inseparable from the victory of the revolution under the leadership of the Communist Party and the construction of New China.
He devoted his life to the party and the people unreservedly. Until the last moment of his life, he was a shining superstar of the Chinese nation in modern times and an immortal banner of the Chinese Communists.
On January 8, 1976, Premier Zhou Enlai left us forever. At the time of his death, Zhou Enlai left three wills:
1. Announce the development of his illness to avoid unnecessary speculation.
2. The memorial service should be simple. Chairman Mao does not need to attend, and Comrade Deng Xiaoping will preside over the eulogy;
3. Spread his ashes on the rivers of the motherland.
1. Condition
Regardless of the bloody years of war or the era of peace building, Premier Zhou Enlai always puts his work first, sometimes he can stay for days and nights without rest, but To some extent, high-intensity work also exhausted his body.
has statistics display,During the 139 days from January to May 1974, Premier Zhou Enlai worked 12-14 hours for 9 days; 14-18 hours for 74 days; 19-23 hours for 38 days, and 24 hours for continuous work for 5 days , There are only 13 days of work within 12 hours, which can be described as workaholics.
(1) Heart disease
After the start of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, the daily composure of mental pressure and overloaded work intensity severely damaged Zhou Enlai's health and overdrawn his life. .
In February 1967, Zhou Enlai was diagnosed with heart disease. Once, he said to his lover Deng Yingchao: "As soon as I get to 8 o'clock in the morning, my head is gone, and my hands keep shaking."
1971. Premier Zhou Enlai suffered from angina pectoris twice, and his condition was very urgent. Zhou Enlai often needed oxygen after the heart had abnormalities. There were doctors and nurses in the office, ready to rescue him at any time.
(2) The beloved daughter
Premier Zhou Enlai had no children in his life, but he had an adopted daughter named Sun Weishi, the daughter of a revolutionary martyr Sun Bingwen .
In 1927, Sun Bingwen was cut down by Chiang Kai-shek's orders. Before leaving, Sun Bingwen shouted "I am righteous and calm now." Before his death, Sun Bingwen's wife also asked the children to "do not hate the autumn wind". Under the influence of their parents, Sun Weishi participated in the revolution at the age of five, sending letters to revolutionary soldiers or burning letters.
Sun Bingwen and Premier Zhou Enlai often discuss major revolutionary events. Sun Weishi watched the wind at the door to pay attention to whether there were strangers approaching.
Sun Weishi affectionately calls "Papa Zhou" and "Mother Xiaochao" every time he meets Zhou Enlai and his wife.The childless Zhou Enlai and his wife loved her very much and regarded her as their own.
After Sun Bingwen died, Zhou Enlai decided to officially recognize Sun Weishi as his adopted daughter.
Sun Weishi is very beautiful, known as the "Red Princess", " Yan'an Four Beauties"; also very talented, is the founder of New Chinese drama, one of the three major directors of New China.
Because of her upright nature and jealousy, she rejected Lin Biao's courtship, and later offended Jiang Qing, which attracted revenge.
On March 1, 1968, Sun Weishi was falsely accused by Jiang Qing as a "Su Xiu agent", and a group of people arrested her and beat her all over.
In order to prevent Premier Zhou’s rescue, Jiang Qing did not put her in prison directly, but secretly put her in a detention center of the Beijing Public Security Bureau.
On October 14, 1968, 47-year-old Sun Weishi was beaten to death. After his death, Sun Weishi was naked and covered with scars. Her limbs were tightly locked with cold handcuffs. It is said that she was still in the head. Insert a long nail.
On October 17, Zhou Enlai was shocked when he learned of the death of his adopted daughter. He endured his grief and swiped in instructions: "Suicide or extinction requires investigation!" "It should be dissected to confirm the cause of death."
Ke Jiangqing A group blatantly violated Zhou Enlai's instructions and directly cremated Sun Weishi's body. After Zhou Enlai got the news, he started shooting the case and said: "It's too shameful, how can you treat the orphans of revolutionary martyrs like this!" He was lost in thought.
Forty years ago, Sun Bingwen generously went to justice for the revolution; forty years later, this tragic tragedy was repeated on his daughter.
Later, in the correspondence between Zhou Enlai and his wife, Sun Weishi's name appeared at least 8 times, which shows that they never forget their daughter.
The white-haired person sends the black-haired person, how much pain and sorrow are in the hearts of Zhou Enlai and his wife.
(3) Suffered from cancer
In May 1972, Premier Zhou was diagnosed with bladder cancer and he had blood in his stool every day. But he still works sick, working more than 12 hours a day, even when he is hospitalized.
In March 1973, Wu Jieping and two other doctors decided on a treatment plan. During the treatment, they found a focus of cancer, which was only the size of a mung bean, and they quickly burned off the focus with a laser gun.
Everyone felt that the disease was gone and the condition might be under control. They were very happy, but when they reviewed, they found that Premier Zhou’s cancer had completely metastasized.
In 1974, the condition began to deteriorate. Premier Zhou had to endure great pain every time he urinates. Sometimes, he clenched his fists, closed his eyes and clenched his teeth, and stood firm.
In December 1975, the condition worsened and Premier Zhou began to enter a coma. The medical experts felt that he had entered the final stage of his life.
On December 7, 1975, Premier Zhou passed out of a coma. The doctor on duty tried many methods but could not wake him up. The doctor on duty quickly called all the medical staff to the ward. After the expert checked, he found that there was thick sputum in his trachea that blocked the respiratory tract, which caused the brain to become hypoxic and comatose. Finally, Zhou Enlai sucked out the sputum with the instrument, and Zhou Enlai woke up. Come here.
Due to multiple operations, Premier Zhou’s body was filled with tubes, red with blood flowing, yellow with pus, colorless with ascites, some tubes were for external discharge, some tubes It sends blood and nutrients to the body, and it looks very distressing.
It is also very difficult for Premier Zhou to turn over because of too many tubes on his body. At this time, the illness suffered by the Premier is beyond ordinary people's imagination.
Seeing the suffering of Premier Zhou, doctors can only use painkillers to reduce Premier Zhou's suffering. However, the human body is resistant to drugs. After losing for a while, the painkillers have no effect.
Sometimes severe pain hits, Premier Zhou trembling with pain, his face changed from sallow to dark red.Beads of sweat all over his body have also been flowing down. At this time, Premier Zhou gritted his teeth, his eyes fixed on the ceiling without saying a word.
Once when he was sleeping, he woke up with a sharp pain. He opened his eyes with difficulty and asked the nurse next to him: "Did I shout?"
The nurse replied, "You didn't Shout, but if you feel pain, please call it out, it doesn't matter." But he shook his head.
Once, Premier Zhou Enlai really felt too painful. He whispered the doctor to his side and said in pain, "Doctor Zhang, I am too painful. I want to hum a few times, okay?"
Dr. Zhang's tears It burst out in an instant, and he said: "Prime Minister, you can shout if you want. You can also relieve the pain. Don't restrain yourself!"
Dr. Zhang finished speaking and left quickly. Because he understands that if the doctors all cry, it means that their treatment is also helpless.
At this moment, everyone also understood: The reason why Premier Zhou Enlai was unwilling to shout out was because he did not want others to share his pain.
In the final stage of his life, Premier Zhou Enlai was always concerned about national affairs. He also had many conversations with Deng Xiaoping and Ye Jianying.
Once, he asked Ye Jianying to say: "Never let power fall into their hands." Ye Jianying naturally understood the meaning of the words.
After Ye Jianying came out, he called the guards around Premier Zhou to the front, and told them solemnly: "You have paper and pens ready and stay with Premier Zhou all day. The Premier takes many things in his heart. At his last moments You must write down what you say."
Then Zhou Enlai didn't say anything in the last few days. He closed his lips tightly and never talked about politics until the last moment of his life.
Nothing is written on that white paper. Ye Jianying looked at the white paper with tears in her eyes, and said: "The prime minister's life is really about the overall situation!"
Premier Zhou Enlai needs to understand the situation at home and abroad every day.In the past, I read newspapers and various documents by myself, but when I was critically ill, people around me read them to him.
Zhou Enlai has run out of time, and the "Gang of Four" still falsely accused and attacked him through newspapers. If the content of the newspaper is read to him as it is, it will definitely deal a blow to his body and spirit. Everyone is very worried about this.
In the end, everyone discussed for a long time and made a decision: "The new newspaper will not be read to the Prime Minister. Change the date of the old newspaper and read it to the Prime Minister." This "white lie" lasted until Zhou Enlai. Passed away.
But the newspaper that gave Zhou Zong's ideas one day is completely real, and that is the newspaper on New Year's Day in 1976.
This morning, the weak and exhausted Premier Zhou heard the voice of the radio station, and he heard that it was a New Year's Day broadcast. He asked the staff to read " People's Daily " to him immediately.
This time, the staff did not dare to read the "fake newspaper", and read the new newspaper that had just been delivered. There are two poems written by Chairman Mao in the newspaper. When Premier Zhou heard Mao Zedong's "No need to fart, try to see the world turned upside down", a few smile lines appeared on the corners of his mouth.
Premier Zhou, who was seriously ill, liked these two words very much, and the staff also read them to him many times. When he heard the staff’s pronunciation, he would patiently correct them, and sometimes he would smile slightly after listening. Laugh, and talk a few words occasionally.
One night, Premier Zhou said to the doctor who was standing next to him: "I understand my physical condition. Now the disease has developed into this way. I really don't want to trouble you anymore, and you should also go to the real Where I need you, I want to treat more people who need you. Now I want to go home. Alas, I have been out for more than two years. I really want to go back!"
But soon, Premier Zhou kept silent about going home. It happened because he knew that this request would embarrass the medical staff.
On January 7, Premier Zhou's situation took a turn for the worse, and he was in a coma for a long time. At 11 o'clock that night, Premier Zhou recovered from his coma.
Premier Zhou opened his eyes slowly, looked at the doctors beside him, and left the last sentence of his life in a faint voice: "I have nothing more to do here. You should take care of other sick comrades. They need it more. You guys." At this time Premier Zhou's speech is not clear, but everyone can understand what he meant.
After Premier Zhou said this, he kept his eyes open and stared at the direction of the door until 12 o'clock in the evening, and everyone quickly notified Comrade Deng Yingchao.
The guards thought that Premier Zhou's condition had improved, and they couldn't help being happy for the Premier, but the doctors were prepared for the worst.
On the morning of January 8, Dr. Zhang saw that Premier Zhou’s face was gray and his lips had turned blue. He felt that the situation was not good, so he immediately decided to notify all experts to be present.
After the attending doctors and experts arrived, they immediately proposed to treat Premier Zhou and asked Dr. Zhang to report to Premier Zhou, and he needed his consent.
Doctor Zhang bent down, pressed to Premier Zhou’s right ear, raised his voice and said: "Prime Minister, your trachea has been blocked by sputum, which prevents oxygen from entering. The situation is very dangerous. We request from your nostrils. Insert a rubber tube, suck out the sputum, and put in a lot of oxygen. Do you agree? If you agree, please open your eyes or nod your head."
When Dr. Zhang was talking, the room was full of people Hold your breath and rest, watching Premier Zhou's reaction.
At this time, the Prime Minister slowly opened his eyes, nodded slowly, and agreed to the doctor.
The doctor quickly inserted the long-prepared rubber tube into Premier Zhou’s right nostril, and then began to suck sputum with the instrument, but the amount of sputum sucked out was not much.
The doctor decisively inserted a thicker tube into the trachea and started oxygen delivery. The doctor on the side also hurriedly performed a heart massage. Everyone tried every means to save the life of Premier Zhou.
During the rescue, Dr. Zhang kept holding Premier Zhou’s right hand, but he felt that Premier Zhou’s pulse was getting weaker and the curve on the electrocardiograph had also changed significantly.As soon as the value dropped from 60 to 40, it fell to 20 within a few seconds, and finally became a straight line, and the pulse stopped.
The rescue work continued for more than 10 minutes, but still no effect.
At this point, Dr. Wu Jieping discussed with several experts around him for a long time, and finally announced: The rescue work can be stopped, all the tubes on Premier Zhou’s body will be removed, the body of the Premier will be cleaned up, and the Premier will be covered with new sheets.
Before Wu Jieping could finish, crying broke out in the entire room. Everyone cried and shouted: "Prime Minister Zhou, please wake up."
Deng Yingchao cried loudly. She touched Premier Zhou’s cheek. Gently kissed his forehead and said, "Enlai, you are gone."
2. Address to the memorial service
On the morning of January 8, 1976, Premier Zhou passed away. The then deputy director of the Security Bureau immediately conveyed the painful news to Chairman Mao's nurse Meng Jinyun.
At that time, Xiao Meng thought about Chairman Mao not sleeping all night, and now tells him the bad news. What if his mood fluctuates and a heart attack recurs? But this is a national event after all, and it must be told to the chairman.
At more than three o'clock in the afternoon, the Politburo issued an obituary. At this time, the chairman was awake, and his spirit was good, so Xiao Meng decided to tell the chairman tactfully.
In the afternoon, it was the time for Xiaomeng to read the newspaper to the chairman. Xiaomeng finished reading the other content first, and paused for a while. She picked up the obituary and announced in a low and slow voice that Premier Zhou's treatment was invalid and that he had passed away.
Chairman Mao was closing his eyes to listen to the newspaper. When he heard the news of Premier Zhou's death, he suddenly opened his eyes and looked at Xiao Meng. After a while, he slowed down and nodded to Xiao Meng, indicating that he knew. Then his eyes closed tightly, tears shed in his eye sockets.
Xiao Meng shed tears when she saw Chairman Mao. The sorrow she had endured for a long time was finally released, and then started crying, crying and reading the rest of the content.
The chairman did not say a word, but his tears kept flowing, the tears left on his cheeks and flowed into his neck.
that afternoon,Deng Xiaoping sent the draft of the eulogy to Chairman Mao for instructions. The chairman approved it early the next morning. Presumably that evening, the chairman must have a lot of thoughts. His approval also symbolized the end of the history of two great men fighting side by side for more than half a century.
At this time, Chairman Mao wants to attend the memorial service, but he is already sick and unable to walk. He arranged for someone to send a wreath next to the portrait of Premier Zhou Enlai, and in this way bid farewell to his old comrades-in-arms.
At the memorial service on January 15, 1976, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, who rarely expressed his feelings, choked up when he read "Our Prime Minister", and then he said in a loud voice: "The life of Comrade Zhou Enlai , Is a life of glorious battle for the cause of communism. He is a role model for our whole party, army and the people of the whole country!"
After the memorial service, Deng Yingchao walked to the coffin, she opened the prime minister’s urn and she shed tears affectionately He said: "Please rest in peace, Enlai!" As soon as the voice fell, the crowd present burst into tears.
That night, the comrades on the mission of scatter ashes boarded the plane. 72-year-old Deng Yingchao was supported by the crowd. She waved tremblingly to the plane, which was also the last farewell to her lover and comrade-in-arms.
III. The soul of Kyushu
On January 15, 1976, after the memorial service to commemorate Premier Zhou Enlai, the streets of Beijing were already full of people who saw them off. They learned from the radio and newspapers that Premier Zhou Enlai's ashes were about to be scattered, and they came here spontaneously to send him the last trip, which was touching.
At 8:15 that evening, a plane carried the ashes of Premier Zhou to the sky, and then over the city of Beijing, over Beijing's Miyun Reservoir, over Tianjin, and Shandong's , the Yellow River estuary dropped the prime minister. All of his ashes took more than 4 hours.
first scatter ashes in Beijing
In the summer of 1918,Zhou Enlai lives in Beijing with his father. This is his first bond with Beijing.
One year later, the May Fourth Movement broke out. Zhou Enlai participated in the revolutionary movement as an advanced intellectual. He traveled between Beijing and Tianjin with his revolutionary comrades, leaving his footprints in front of Tiananmen Square.
After the founding of New China, Zhou Enlai worked in Beijing for 27 years, and he spent time with this ancient city and its people.
In Beijing, he held countless important gatherings; he devoted a lot of effort to the urban transformation of Beijing, leaving us with , the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, Prince Gong’s Mansion, Zhengyangmen and other precious historical and cultural relics, At the same time, this ancient city is given full of modern vitality.
Here, he leads the people across the country to complete the construction goals of industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology. After the Cultural Revolution broke out, he worked hard to support and minimize the losses caused by the "Cultural Revolution". He fought various forms of struggle with Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Group, which played an important role in controlling and stabilizing the situation.
The second ashes of Miyun Reservoir
(now Miyun Reservoir)
Premier Zhou Enlai once said: "I care about two things most in my life, one sky and one water conservancy."
He "Heaven"? At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, foreign forces repeatedly attempted to subvert the Chinese regime. Through the development of "two bombs and one satellite" and the development of aerospace technology, my country’s military power has played a great deterrent effect on Western powers, enabling the country to maintain long-term stability.
What is "water conservancy". Modern times have experienced a hundred years of melee. my country's water conservancy foundation is extremely weak. Droughts and floods are frequent. Once natural disasters occur, the people will be displaced and miserable.
Agriculture is completely dependent on the weather, and the development of industry and service industries is also extremely restricted. The facilities that are being repaired today are directly washed out after a while, so the construction of water conservancy is imminent.
Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing was severely short of water. In order to improve the situation, Premier Zhou Enlai presided over the development and construction of four surrounding reservoirs. Among them, the Miyun Reservoir was larger in scale and Premier Zhou Enlai devoted more effort.
From terrain exploration, dam site selection, to plan design, construction and construction, the dispatch and command of Premier Zhou Enlai are inseparable.
During the construction, Premier Zhou Enlai repeatedly emphasized: "It is necessary to ensure the speed, but also to ensure the quality of the project. The quality of the project must be regarded as the top priority."
In this way, after more than two years of hard work, the Miyun Reservoir was completed , Can store more than 4.3 billion cubic meters of water. Under the technical conditions of our country at that time, the construction of the Miyun Reservoir was a feat that the world has focused on.
The third ashes scattered in Tianjin
Beginning in 1913, Premier Zhou studied in Nankai Middle School and Nankai University in Tianjin successively. Since then, he has forged an indissoluble bond with the city.
In more than 5 years in Tianjin, he organized revolutionary groups, organized and led the struggle against imperialism and feudalism, and led his revolutionary comrades to participate in the "May 4th Movement". Here he met, knew and fell in love with his other half, Comrade Deng Yingchao.
In a sense, Tianjin is the place where Premier Zhou's revolution and love were nurtured.
The fourth scatter the ashes of the Yellow River into the sea
The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. Premier Zhou Enlai left home at the age of 12 and expressed his love and miss for his mother countless times during his lifetime.
He hopes to throw his ashes into the mother river after death, one is to repay his mother who gave birth and raised him, and the other is to repay the earth and the motherland.
He served the people before his death. After his death, his ashes were scattered on the mountains and waters of the motherland and fell on the fields as fertilizer for plants. When he fell in the water, he could feed fish and shrimps.
Conclusion: The life of Premier Zhou Enlai,For the rise of China, for the happiness of the people, and for the prosperity of the motherland, it is really hard work and hard work! "The great sage learns from him and the public is selfless." Premier Zhou's noble personality of selfless dedication throughout his life, and the world for the public, will always be admired for future generations, and he will not be enough to praise the achievements of Premier Zhou.
References: "360 Encyclopedia-Zhou Enlai", "360 Encyclopedia-Sun Weishi", "Leader's Life Record: Zhou Enlai's Life Record ", " China Communist Party News Net-Zhou Enlai's Days Before and After Death" February 29, 2016 issue .
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