Geography test paper
Candidates' instructions:
. This test paper is divided into two parts: multiple-choice and non-multiple-choice questions, with a total of 8 pages, a full score of 100 points, and a test time of 90 minutes.
. The answers to multiple-choice questions must be blacked out with a 2B pencil. If you want to change, you must erase the original filling area with an eraser.
. The answers to non-multiple-choice questions must be written in black signature pen or fountain pen in the corresponding area on the answer sheet, and the answers written on the test sheet are invalid.
Multiple-choice questions part
. Multiple-choice questions I (This question has 20 questions, each question has 2 points, a total of 40 points. Only one of the four alternatives listed in each question meet the requirements of the question. No points will be obtained if you don’t choose, multiple choice, or wrong choice)
A document from the British Admiralty published in 1868 mentioned an island belonging to our inherent territory: "Fishers make a living by catching sea cucumbers . The scale is used to make a living. Each island has its own footprints, and there are also those who have lived on islands and reefs for a long time." "Fishers on the island live more comfortably than fishermen on other islands. Compared with other islands, the well water on the island is much better." The magazine "Painted Colonial World" published in France in September 1933 also recorded the island: "The island has lush vegetation, and there are wells to drink. It is planted with coconut trees, banana trees, papaya trees, pineapple, vegetables, potatoes, etc., and it is raised with poultry, suitable for human habitation." Complete the following questions.
1. The island is ( )
A. Taiping Island (about 10°22′38"N) B. Diaoyu Island (about 25°44′36"N)
C. Chiwei Island (about 25°53′54"N) D. Huangwei Island (about 25°55′24"N)
2. According to the literature, the main influencing factor of the high environmental bearing capacity of the island is ( )
A. Land resources B. Fishery resources C. Water resources D. Plant resources
[Answer] 1. A 2. C
[Detailed explanation of question 1]
The island has coconut trees, banana trees, papaya trees, and pineapple, which means that the island is located in the tropical zone. Diaoyu Island (about 25°44′36"N), Chiwei Island (about 25°53′54"N), and Huangwei Island (about 25°55′24"N) are located in the subtropical zone, so the island is most likely to be Taiping Island. A is correct, BCD is wrong. Therefore, A is chosen.
[Detailed explanation of question 2]
The main factor that restricts human activities in the island is water shortage, and the island has wells and abundant water resources. Compared with other islands, the well water on the island is much better. Therefore, the main one with higher environmental bearing capacity of the island The influencing factor is that water resources are relatively abundant, C is correct; compared with other islands, the island's land resources, fishery resources and plant resources have no obvious advantages, ABD is wrong. Therefore, choose C.
[Finishing Tips] Taiping Island is located in the northwest corner of Zhenghe Reef in the northern central central Nansha Islands in the South China Sea. It is about 3.1 sea briquette (5.7 kilometers) from Zhongzhou Reef, Dunqian Shazhou about 7.1 sea briquette (13.2 kilometers) from Dunqian Shazhou , and 16 sea briquette (29.6 kilometers) from Nanxun Reef.
The following figure is a schematic diagram of the distribution of land natural belts in a certain area of the world. Complete the following questions.
3. In the figure ①, the rainy months and the main influencing factors are ( )
A. January equatorial low pressure zone B. July equatorial low pressure band
C. January westerly wind zone D. July tide wind zone
4. The dominant factors affecting changes in the natural zone ②③④ are ( )
A. Ocean currents B. Altitude C. Moisture D. Calories
【Answer】3. D 4. C
[Detailed explanation of 3 questions]
Combined with the middle latitude of the figure, it can be seen that ① is located on the west coast of the continent from 30°S to 40°S, and should be the Mediterranean climate in the southern hemisphere; it can be seen from what we learned that the Mediterranean climate is controlled by the sub-high and the west wind . It is rainy in winter, and the winter in the southern hemisphere should be July. D is correct, and ABC is wrong. Therefore, D is selected.
[Detailed explanation of 4 questions]
Combined with the picture, we can see that the ②③④ natural zone is a broad-leaved forest belt, a grassland belt and a desert belt respectively. The location can be seen that ②③④ gradually approaches the inland areas, and precipitation gradually decreases, so the dominant factor should be moisture, C is correct; the impact of ocean currents on the local area is small, A is wrong; the altitude changes cannot be seen from the picture, B is wrong; the latitude difference is not large, there is no obvious difference in heat, D is wrong. Therefore, choose C.
[Finishing Tips] The main factor affecting the differentiation law of latitude zone is heat, the main factor affecting the differentiation law of longitude zone is water, and the main factor affecting the differentiation law of vertical zone is water and the main factor affecting the differentiation law of vertical zone is water and the water-heat conditions.
Shandong Province "Marine Bank" provides payment support to aquaculture farmers based on the carbon sink in production, and has established my country's first national 5G marine ranch demonstration zone. Complete the following questions.
5. The operation of "Marine Bank" will ( )
① Increase carbohydrate solidification, adjust the structure of breeding, ② Accelerate the rise of the sea, increase marine space ③ Promote the return of farmland to grass, alleviate land desertification ④ Increase production investment and improve breeding technology
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
6. To make a distribution map of marine ranch, you can use ( )
①GIS collects location information ②GNSS obtains location information ③RS obtains national boundaries ④GIS superimposed coastline information
A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ ②③ D. ②④
[Answer] 5. B 6. D
[Detailed explanation of 5 questions]
Shandong Province "Marine Bank" provides payment support to aquaculture farmers based on the carbon sink in production, and established my country's first national 5G marine ranch demonstration zone. It can be seen that Ocean Bank encourages aquaculture farmers to increase carbon sinks, thereby increasing carbohydrate solidification and adjusting the structure of breeding; at the same time, it will also increase production investment and improve breeding technology, ①④ is correct. It can increase the absorption of carbon dioxide , thereby slowing down the rise of sea level ; it cannot alleviate the problem of land desertification, ②③ error. Therefore, choose B.
[Detailed explanation of 6 questions]
Making a marine ranch distribution map requires the global satellite navigation system GNSS to obtain location information, and the geographical information system GIS superimposes coastline information, ②④ is correct; the location information cannot be collected using GIS, and RS does not require to obtain the border line , ①③ error. Therefore, choose D.
[Finishing Tips] RS refers to a modern comprehensive technology that receives electromagnetic wave information from various land objects on the surface from high altitude or outer space, and scans, photographs, transmits and processes this information, thereby conducting long-distance control and identification of various land objects and phenomena on the surface. GIS is a computer software system that specializes in managing geographic information. It can not only manage various geographic information in a category, hierarchical and hierarchical manner; it can also combine, analyze, recombinate, reanalyze, etc.; it can also query, retrieve, modify, output, update, etc. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), also known as Global Navigation Satellite System , is an air-based radio navigation positioning system that can provide users with 24/7 3-dimensional coordinates and speed and time information at any location on the surface of the earth or near-Earth space. It includes one or more satellite constellations and their enhanced systems required to support specific work.
Members of the geography study group of a middle school in my country conducted a landform inspection in different areas of my country. The following picture is the landform photographs taken during the inspection. Complete the following questions.
7. The photo taken in the northwest region of my country may be ( )
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
8. The landform that is more severely threatened by heavy rain is ( )
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
[Answer] 7. B 8. B
7 Detailed explanation of question B
From the information and the knowledge learned, the landscape ① is a sand dune, belongs to the wind-assembly landform; the landscape ② is Elephant Trunk Hill, belongs to the karst dissolving landform; the landscape ③ is a beach, belongs to the sea-assembly landform; the landscape ④ is a wind-assembly castle, belongs to the wind-assembly landform .The northwest region of my country is deeply inland, with a drought climate and strong wind effect. Therefore, the landscape shown in the picture is in line with the question, B is correct, and ACD is excluded, so B is selected.
[Detailed explanation of 8 questions]
The picture landscape is ①④ which is a wind-formed landform, mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid climate zones, with less precipitation, so it does not meet the question, AD is wrong; the picture landscape is ③ which is a beach, and the beach is usually located in the coastal area. Under the combined action of waves and coastal currents, sediment accumulates, forming a sea-level landform, so it does not meet the question, C is wrong; the picture landscape is ② Elephant Trunk Hill is a stone beam piercing landscape that has been washed away by rain for a long time, causing collapse and residual type of stone beam piercing. The heavy rain is subject to gravity to erode joint fractures of the landform, especially to the elephant trunk rock mass far away from the shore; the heavy rain raises the water level of the Li River and floods the water moon cave , and the streamline flowing into the cracks replenishes karst water; and the heavy rain enhances the flow of the river, which increases the water dissolution effect of the rock mass below the landform, posing a serious threat, so B is correct. Comprehensively stated, so choose B.
[Finishing Tips] From the classification of external forces, we divide the landforms into flowing landforms, wind-form landforms, karst landforms, coastal landforms and glacial landforms, which are distributed in specific areas. The landscapes are formed with representatives: wind-eroded landforms (wind-eroded mushrooms, wind-eroded niches, wind-eroded columns, wind-eroded castles, Yadan landforms), wind-soaked landforms (sand dunes), sea-soaked landforms (beaches, sprinklers, offshore embankments) karst-soaked landforms (spill ditches and skeleton buds, peak forests and lonely peaks, dissolving buckets and underground caves).
The following picture is a simplified picture of the local area of the world. Complete the following questions.
9. The reason for the formation of the Java trench in the figure is ( )
A. The fissure of the Asia-European plate B. Pacific plate subduction
C. Indian Ocean plate subduction D. Oceania plate uplift
10. The prevalent wind directions in January of A and B are ( )
A. Northeast wind northwest wind B. Northeast wind southwest wind
C. Southwest wind southeast wind D. Southeast wind, southwest wind,
[Answer] 9. C 10. A
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of questions 9]
Based on what we learned, it can be seen that the Java Trench is located in the Indian Ocean plate and collided with the Asian and European plate. The Indian Ocean plate is subduction, C is correct, and ABD is wrong. Therefore, choose C.
[Detailed explanation of questions 10]
Combined with the location in the figure, it can be seen that A is located in the northern hemisphere and is controlled by the northeast trade wind in January; Place B is located in the southern hemisphere. Due to the movement of the air pressure belt wind belt, the northeast trade wind deflected across the equator to form northwest wind. A is correct and BCD is wrong. Therefore, choose A.
[Finishing Tips] Causes of seabed terrain: the result of internal and external terrain. The large seabed topography is usually a direct product of internal force, closely related to seabed expansion and plate tectonic activities. The axis of the mid-ocean ridge is the center of the seabed expansion and is a reflection of the upward thermally expanded mantle material. During the expansion of the seabed to both sides, it cools down and sinks from the middle ridge axis to both sides. As the seabed ages, the water depth increases and the sedimentary layer thickens; accordingly, the mid-ocean ridge transitions into an oceanic basin, and the rugged terrain on the top of the middle ridge is replaced by deep-sea hills and deep-sea plains. The formation of ridges and sea mountains is mostly related to the effects of volcanoes and fault blocks. Strong sedimentary action can transform the originally rugged volcanoes, tectonic terrain, and form deep-sea plains. The undersea canyon is the most spectacular manifestation of the erosion of turbid current .
Due to abnormal changes in salinity, obstacles may appear in seawater that weaken the heat exchange of upper and lower seawater. The figure below is the change of seawater temperature and salinity with depth in a certain sea area and the distribution of barrier layers. Complete the following questions.
11. This sea area is most likely located at ( )
A. The tropical Pacific western coast warm current flows through B. The subtropical continent's west coast warm current flows through
C. The temperate Indian Ocean cold current flows through D. The temperate Atlantic west coast warm current flows through
12. If there is a thick barrier layer in the Peru coastal waters along
A. Decreased precipitation B. Increased fishery resources C. Increased water temperature D. Seawater pollution reduction
[Answer] 11. A 12. C
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 11 questions]
Read the picture and you can see that the surface water temperature in this sea area is about 30℃, and the water temperature is high. It should be located at the place where the warm current flows through the west coast of the tropical Pacific Ocean. A is correct; the west coast of the subtropical continent should flow through the cold current, B is wrong; the water temperature at the cold current flows through the east coast of the temperate Indian Ocean is lower, C is wrong; the west coast of the temperate Atlantic Ocean is cold current flows through, D is wrong. Therefore, choose A.
[Detailed explanation of question 12]
Due to abnormal changes in salinity, obstacles may appear in seawater that weaken the heat exchange of upper and lower seawater. If a thicker barrier layer appears in the Peru coastal waters, the heat exchange between the deep cold seawater and the surface seawater in the Peru coastal waters will weaken, so the surface water temperature will rise, C is correct. air convection will strengthen, precipitation will increase, A error; deep cold sea water surge will decrease, nutrients will decrease, fishery resources will decrease, B error; seawater movement will weaken, which will be unfavorable to the spread of pollutants, D error. Therefore, choose C.
[Finishing Tips] The reason for the occurrence of Fishery : The cold and warm currents meet, the sea water is disturbed, and the nutrients in the lower layer of the ocean are brought to the surface of the ocean, which is conducive to the large-scale reproduction of plankton and provides sufficient bait for fish. In addition, offshore southeast trade winds will also blow the surface sea water, causing deep sea water to surge, bringing a large amount of nutrients to the surface of the ocean, providing bait for fish.
A study and study group from a middle school in my country conducted a field investigation of the ancient village of Chengzi, Yunnan. Figures 1 and 2 are their hand-drawn drawings of some of the landscapes of the village. Complete the following questions.
13. The main reason for the difference in the layout of rice fields and houses in the village is ( )
A. The flat ground has sufficient heat B. The sloped land is deep C. The land resources are tight D. Geological disasters are frequent
14. The correct statement about the relationship between the characteristics of the houses in the village and the geographical environment is ( )
① The layout is compact, the neighborhood relationship is close ② The roof is flat, and the atmospheric precipitation is more ③ Instead of roads, the terrain is large undulating ④ Use soil to build walls, and the soil is deep and fertile
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②④ D. ③④
[Answer] 13. C 14. B
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of question 13]
The village has a compact layout of rice fields and houses. The main reason is that this place is located in the low-mountain hilly area in southern my country, and the development of three-dimensional agriculture . There is less flat land, insufficient arable land, and tight land resources, so the rice fields and house layout are compact, the soil layer is severely washed by rainwater, and the soil layer is shallow, so C is correct, AB is wrong, geological disasters occur frequently in the mountainous areas of southwest my country, and geological disasters and rice fields are not related to the house layout, D is wrong. Therefore, choose C.
[Detailed explanation of 14 questions]
The village has a compact layout, close neighborhood relations, harmonious relationships, ① Correct; the south has more precipitation and large roof slopes, which is conducive to drainage, ② Wrong; the south has many low mountains and hills, and the terrain is relatively undulating, and ladders are used instead of roads, which is inconvenient transportation, ③ Correct; Loess Plateau Build walls with soil, which is located in Yunnan. The soil layer is severely washed by rainwater, and the soil is not deep and fertile. ④ Wrong, B is correct, and ACD is excluded; therefore B is selected.
[Finishing Tips] The walls of houses in the north are relatively thick because they are considered to keep warm, while the walls of houses in the south are relatively thin and the roof slope is large. In southern my country, there are many low-mountain and hilly areas, which combine the planting of rice, raising fish, and planting of mulberry trees to develop three-dimensional agriculture.
A, B and C agricultural irrigation areas belong to the fourth largest irrigation area in my country, and are distributed in a tributary of the Tarim River from the upstream to the downstream. The depth of groundwater burial in the three areas has increased in turn, and it has tended to deepen year by year.The following figure shows the data on the annual distance change of groundwater burial depth in these three areas. In order to coordinate the relationship between local water resources, food security and ecological environment, the local government has given priority to taking measures to invest in technology and reduce the scale of agriculture in two agricultural irrigation areas respectively. Complete the following questions.
15. The main reason for the seasonal deepening of groundwater levels in the three agricultural irrigation areas is ( )
A. The temperature is low and the snow is thicker. B. It requires irrigation and more groundwater is mined.
C. There is less precipitation and less seepage. D. The temperature is higher and the amount of evaporation is large.
16. The agricultural irrigation area selected by the government is relatively reasonable with the corresponding measures. ( )
A. A - Technological investment, C - Reduce the scale B. A - Reduce the scale, C - Technical investment
C. A - Technical investment, B - Reduce the scale D. B - Reduce the scale, C - Technical investment
[Answer] 15. D 16. A
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 15 questions]
Reading the map shows that the groundwater level of the three agricultural areas becomes deeper in winter and spring, especially in spring, the temperature rises, and the windy weather is too strong and the evaporation is large, D is correct. The temperature is low, the snow is thick, and the consumption of groundwater is less. A is wrong; winter and spring are not the growth period of crops, B is wrong; this area is located in northwest my country, with little rain all year round and little precipitation is not the main reason for the deeper groundwater level in agricultural irrigation areas, C is wrong. Therefore, choose D.
[Detailed explanation of question 16]
A, B and C agricultural irrigation areas belong to the fourth largest irrigation area in my country, and are distributed in a tributary of the Tarim River from the upstream to the downstream. The depth of groundwater burial in the three areas has increased in turn, and it has tended to deepen year by year. A and B are located in the upper and middle reaches of the river, and the groundwater burial depth is shallow, so technological investment should be increased to improve the utilization rate of water resources; C is located in the lower reaches of the river, and the groundwater burial depth is large, indicating that the area's agricultural production scale is large and the amount of groundwater exploitation is large, resulting in a drop in the groundwater level, so the scale of agriculture should be reduced. A is correct, BCD is wrong. Therefore, choose A.
[Finishing Tips] Meteorological data show that the average annual precipitation in the northwest region is only 155-656 mm, while the water surface evaporation in the northwest region can reach 1000-2600 mm. The northwest is a resource-based water scarcity area and is also an ecologically fragile area. The northwest region has arid climate and sparse precipitation. We should learn from Israel's agricultural development experience and develop water-saving agriculture.
The following figure is a geological topographic map of a certain place, where K1 and K2 are horizontal rock formations and no bending occurs. Complete the following questions.
17. The most likely schematic diagram of the stratigraphic profile between places A and B is ( )
A.
B.
C.
C.
D.
18. Before the formation of rock formation K1, the order of this area was geological action was ( )
A. Crust lifting - external force deposition - weathering erosion B. Weathering erosion - crust lifting - rock formation bending
C. Rock formation bending - crust lifting - weathering erosion D. Weathering erosion - rock formation bending - crust lifting
[Answer] 17. B 18. C
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of question 17]
Combined with the pictures, we can see that C2, C1, P1, and P2 rock layers pass through C2, C1, P1, and P2 rock layers are successively passed between places A and B, and the altitude of C2 is higher than C1, and the altitude of P2 is higher than P1, so AC is wrong; the corresponding rock layers at B should be P2, B is correct, and D is wrong. Therefore, choose B.
[Detailed explanation of question 18]
In combination with question 1, it can be seen that the rock strata structure in this site is a new middle-old wing, so it is an anticline structure. Based on what we have learned, the formation process of anticline structure should be the curved folds of the rock strata, the crust is raised, and the weathering and erosion damage is formed as shown in the figure. C is correct, and ABD is wrong. Therefore, choose C.
[Finishing Tips] The shape of the earth's surface is constantly changing. The effects that cause changes in the surface morphology are divided into internal force and external force according to their energy source. The energy of internal force mainly comes from the thermal energy inside the earth, manifested as crustal movement, magma activity and metamorphosis, etc. It makes the surface fluctuate.The energy source of external forces mainly comes from solar energy outside the earth, as well as the earth's gravity energy, which is manifested as the weathering, erosion, transportation and accumulation of surface matter. It lowers the mountains and fills the basin, which often flattens the surface. The surface forms of various shapes are formed under the long-term action of internal and external forces, and are often dominated by a certain effect in different places and periods.
Beijing time on July 14, 2022, the annual "largest full moon" unveiled in the night sky. The following picture is a diagram of the relative position of the earth and the moon at this time drawn by four students (shadows represent the dark night). Complete the following questions.
19. The correct drawing is ( )
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
20. In the next month, Wenzhou ( )
A. The direction of sunrise gradually eastward B. The direction of sunset gradually northward C. The length of day gradually becomes longer D. The earth gradually moves away from the perihelion
[Answer] 19. B 20. A
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of question 19]
Combined with the material, it can be seen that Beijing time is 2:38 on July 14, which should be the night hemisphere. In the figure ①③, the 120°E meridian line is located in the day hemisphere, and AC is wrong; at the full moon, the moon and the sun should be on both sides of the earth, and on the same line, ② correct, ④ error. B is correct, D is wrong. Therefore, choose B.
[Detailed explanation of 20 questions]
Combined with the material, it can be seen that this day is July 14, 2022. In the next month, the direct sunlight point gradually moved southward, and the direction of sunrise gradually changed from northeast to eastward, A is correct; the direction of sunset gradually goes westward, B is wrong; the daytime time gradually becomes shorter, C is wrong; January is perihelion, July is averu, and the earth is gradually away from the averu, D is wrong. Therefore, choose A.
[Finishing Essence] From the vernal equinox to Autumnal equinox is the summer half year in the northern hemisphere. The summer half year is long and the night is short. The sunrise before 6 o'clock local time and the sunset after 18 o'clock. The higher the latitude, the longer the day, and the lower the latitude, the shorter the day. Among them, the sunset time from the vernal equinox to the summer solstice is getting late; the sunset time from the summer solstice to the autumn equinox is getting earlier. From the autumnal equinox to the following year, the winter is the winter half year. The day is shorter and the night is long in the winter half year, and the sunrises after 6 o'clock local time and sunset before 18 o'clock; the higher the latitude, the shorter the day, and the lower the latitude, the longer the day. Among them, the sunset time from the autumnal equinox to winter solstice is getting earlier and earlier; the sunset time from the winter solstice to the spring equinox is getting later and later. The two-minute sun is always equal to the same length of day and night, and the local time is 6 o'clock and the sunset is 18 o'clock. The sunrise time of the month from the 1st to the 28th is before 6:00 and the sunrise is getting earlier, indicating that the direct sunlight point is in the southern hemisphere but is moving northward.
2. Multiple choice question II (This question has 5 questions, each question has 3 points, and a total of 15 points. Only one of the four alternatives listed in each question meet the requirements of the question. No points will be obtained if you don’t choose, multiple choice, or wrong choice)
21. Figure 1 is a distribution map of river valley-type towns in a certain area of my country, and Figure 2 is a statistics of river valley-type towns at different altitudes in this area. The main reason why river valley-type towns are mainly distributed in the southeast is the southeast ( )
A. The topography is flat B. The vegetation is sparse C. There is a lot of precipitation D. Lower altitude
[Answer] D
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation] Based on the information in the figure, combined with the content learned, it can be judged that valley-type towns are mainly distributed in areas with an altitude of 1,000 to 3,000 meters, and there are fewer towns in areas with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters. From this, it can be judged that the distribution of towns is related to altitude. Therefore, the main reason why river valley-type towns are mainly distributed in the southeast is that the altitude of the southeast is that the altitude of the southeast is that the altitude is low. D is correct. The information in the figure cannot reflect the relationship between the distribution of valley-type towns and terrain, vegetation and precipitation, and ABC is wrong. Therefore, choose D.
The following figure is a statistical chart of the number of high-level attractions covered by one-day and seven-day tours in different cities. Complete the following questions.
22. There are obvious differences in the number of attractions covered by one-day tours in various places, and the main influencing factors are ( )
A. Distribution of attractions B. Economic level C. Transportation conditions D. Population density
23. After the high-speed rail is opened to traffic, the changes in the coverage of tourist attractions in various places and the impact on the tourism market are ( )
① The difference in space of seven-day tours expands ② The difference in space of seven-day tours narrows
③ Market competition will tend to be fierce ④ Market competition will tend to ease
A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④
[Answer] 22. A 23. C
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of 22 questions]
According to the illustrated information, the number of day tour attractions in different places varies greatly. Hangzhou, Nanjing, Hefei and other places has a large number of day tour attractions, mainly because there are many tourist attractions in these areas, A is correct; Shanghai has the highest economic development level and the largest population density, but its one-day tour attractions covers a low number, BD is wrong; Shanghai's transportation conditions are better than Hangzhou, but its one-day tour attractions covers a smaller number than Hangzhou, so transportation conditions are not the main influencing factor, C is wrong. So choose A.
[Detailed explanation of question 23]
According to the information shown, before the high-speed rail is opened, the coverage of seven-day tourist attractions in various places is relatively different. After the high-speed rail is opened, the coverage of seven-day tourist attractions in various places is reduced, ① wrong, ② correct; the coverage of seven-day tourist attractions in various places is reduced, and after the high-speed rail is opened, the running speed is faster, and almost all places can cover most famous attractions, so the market competition between various places is fierce, ③ correct, ④ wrong. So choose C.
[Finishing Tips] The high-speed rail compresses the time and space distance from small cities to large cities, three hours, two hours, and one hour, which to a certain extent accelerates the urbanization process, greatly shortens the passage time between cities, and reduces the time cost of transportation.
The following picture shows the meteorological data map of a certain weather station in North China before and after a certain cold front in my country. Complete the following questions.
24. A student judged that the time for the cold front to transit was time A, and the basis was that time ( )
A. Temperature change B. Wind direction change C. The maximum wind power D. PM2.5 change
25. The main reason for the temperature change in this meteorological station during the B period is ( )
A. First affected by the heating mass, then by the cold mass B. atmospheric reverse radiation first decreased and then increased
C. First affected by the cold mass, then by the heating mass D. Sun height angle becomes larger first and then becomes smaller
[Answer] 24. D 25. D
[Analysis]
[Detailed explanation of question 24]
Based on the information in the figure and the content learned, it can be judged that the temperature during the period A is rising and cannot be used as the basis for the cold front to transit. A is wrong. During the period A, the wind becomes stronger but does not reach the maximum wind force, and C is wrong. The wind direction changes are not obvious, and it is impossible to tell if it is a cold front transit, B is wrong. Since the PM2.5 in time A drops rapidly, it can be judged that a cold front passes through the border and blows away PM2.5. Therefore, a student judged that the time when the cold front passes through the border is the A time period, and the basis is that the PM2.5 changes during this period, D is correct, so D is selected.
[Detailed explanation of question 25]
Based on the information in the figure and the content learned, it can be determined that the time period B is the period controlled by the cold front after the transit of the cold front, which is an AC error. In the figure, it can be judged that the temperature in time B first rises and then decreases, and the atmospheric reverse radiation first decreases and then increases, which will cause the temperature to decrease and then rise. B is wrong. Since the B period B period is from 5:00 on the 11th to 14:00 on the 11th, and at 12:00 noon, the maximum solar altitude angle of the day is reached, so the solar altitude angle in time B first increases and then decreases, resulting in the temperature in time B first increases and then decreases. Therefore, the main reason for the temperature change in the B period of this meteorological station is that the solar altitude angle becomes larger and then decreases. D is correct, so D is chosen.
[Finishing Tips] Cold front refers to the front formed by the cold air mass actively moving towards the heating air mass. Cold front is the most common type of front in my country, and it can be moved around the country.Due to the different configurations of cold fronts and high-altitude grooves, the speed of movement, etc., the distribution of clouds and precipitation near the cold fronts also has obvious differences, some mainly appear behind the front; some mainly appear in front of the front.
Non-multiple-choice questions part
3. Non-multiple-choice questions (This question has 4 sub-questions, totaling 45 points)
26. Read the materials and complete the following questions.
Material 1: Salty tide invasion refers to the natural phenomenon that high concentration of salt water in the outer sea reaches the estuary area with the rising tide. Shanghai Qingcaosha Reservoir provides 50% of the water use in the whole city of Shanghai. The invasion of salt tide and has a significant impact on the water supply of Qingcaosha Reservoir . Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the invasion path of the salt tide of the Yangtze River Estuary and Qingcaosha reservoir.
Material 2: Figure 2 is a picture of the wind frequency rose in Shanghai in the winter half year.
(1) The main wind direction in Shanghai for the winter half year is _____ which increases the wind force and will invade the salt tide.
(2) Analysis of the reasons for the high salinity in the waters near grass sand from the perspective of water circulation.
(3) pointed out the reasons for the shortage of water resources in Shanghai from a social and economic perspective, and proposed corresponding countermeasures from the perspective of reservoir construction and operation.
[Answer] (1) ①. Northerly wind ②. Weak
(2) Less precipitation, small surface runoff, low water level, and salty tides are prone to invasion.
(3) Reason: dense population, developed economy, large water demand; a lot of production and domestic sewage, and serious water pollution. Countermeasures; increase the number of reservoirs; expand the existing reservoir capacity; strengthen water quality management.
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This question takes the path of salt tide invasion of the Yangtze River Estuary and the schematic diagram of Qingcaosha reservoir and the winter winter frequency rose chart in Shanghai. Three sub-questions are set up to examine the water cycle angle to analyze the causes of high salinity in the waters near Qingcaosha in winter and the causes of water shortage in Shanghai, and focuses on examining the ability to obtain and interpret information, as well as the discipline literacy such as regional cognition and comprehensive thinking.
[Small Question 1 Detailed Explanation]
Based on the information in the wind frequency rose picture, combined with the content learned, it can be judged that the largest wind frequency in the winter in Shanghai appears in the north in the winter, so the north wind prevails. The main wind direction in Shanghai in the winter is northerly wind, which is opposite to the direction of salt tide invasion, so it will weaken the salt tide invasion.
[Small Question 2 Detailed explanation]
The reasons for the high salinity in the waters near the grass sand in winter are mainly analyzed from the perspectives of precipitation, surface runoff and salty tide invasion. From the perspective of precipitation, there is less precipitation in the waters near the grass and sand in winter. From the perspective of surface runoff, the surface runoff in waters near grass sand is relatively small in winter. In terms of the degree of salty tide invasion, the water level in the water near the grass sand is lower in winter, so the salty tide is easy to invade, so the salinity in the water near the grass sand is higher in winter.
[Small Question 3 Detailed explanation]
The reasons for Shanghai's water resources shortage are mainly analyzed from the perspective of water demand and pollution. From the perspective of water demand, Shanghai has a large population and a developed economy. From the perspective of pollution, due to the high production and domestic sewage in Shanghai, the water pollution is serious. The countermeasures for water resource shortage in Shanghai are mainly analyzed from the perspectives of reservoir construction and water quality management. From the perspective of reservoir construction, the number of reservoirs should be increased and the capacity of existing reservoirs should be expanded. From the perspective of water quality management, water quality management should be strengthened.
27. Read the material and complete the following questions.
Material heat wave is a catastrophic weather where the temperature continues to be higher than the threshold temperature and causes damage. Generally speaking, the higher the local temperature, the higher the threshold temperature. Land A is an important wheat-producing area. Land A suffered severe heat waves on May 2, 2022. Figure 1 shows the threshold temperature set by scientists in various places when studying heat waves. Figure 2 is the temperature curve and precipitation bar chart of New Delhi .
(1) shows the regional threshold temperature distribution ____ (fill in "uniform" or "uneven"). The main natural zones in areas with threshold temperatures above 40℃ are ____, ____.
(2) From the resource perspective, analyze the harm of this heat wave to agricultural production in Land A.
(3) Increasing thermal power generation is an emergency measure for the local government to deal with sudden heat waves. Please explain the reasons for taking this measure from the perspective of energy supply and demand.
[Answer] (1) ①. Uneven ②. Tropical desert zone ③. Tropical grassland zone
(2) Intensify water shortage and aggravate evaporation, aggravate soil salinization, reduce cultivated land quality, reduce yield and quality.
(3) Electricity demand increases water resource shortage, resulting in a decline in water supply and thermal power generation to achieve rapid results.
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This question takes the temperature curve and precipitation bar chart of India and New Delhi as data, involving knowledge about spatial distribution, the impact of temperature on agriculture and resource supply. It focuses on examining students' ability to obtain and interpret information and mobilize and apply knowledge, reflecting the subject literacy of comprehensive thinking ability.
[Small Question 1 Detailed explanation]
Combined with the picture, it can be seen that the threshold temperature distribution in the place is uneven; the area with the threshold temperature above 40℃ is located on the northwest side of India, and the local natural belt should be a desert belt and a tropical savanna belt.
[Small Question 2 Detailed explanation]
Combined with materials, it can be seen that heat waves will bring about temperature rise, evaporation will intensify and water shortages; severe soil water shortage will increase the development of irrigated agriculture, aggravate soil salinization, cause a decline in the quality of cultivated land, and reduce the quality of agricultural products.
[Small Question 3 Detailed explanation]
The coming of heat wave will increase evaporation, and water resources are short of water resources, so the amount of hydropower generation becomes smaller, causing a shortage of energy supply. Therefore, it is necessary to increase thermal power generation to supply electricity to ensure economic development.
28. Read the material and complete the following questions
Material: Sulawesi Island nickel ore is rich in resources and is mainly stored in red soil. In recent years, the Indonesian government has announced that nickel ore raw ore cannot be exported directly, and can only export nickel products. The following picture is a sketch of Sulawesi and its surrounding areas.
(1) Evaluate the natural conditions for the development of nickel ore in Sulawesi.
(2) From the perspective of transportation, it explains the adverse impact of the rainy season on the export of Sulawesi nickel ore.
(3) From the perspective of industrial structure adjustment, it explains the reason why the Indonesian government prohibits the direct export of nickel ore ore.
[Answer] (1) Advantageous: rich nickel ore resources; shallow burial, less difficult to mine; disadvantages: high vegetation coverage, high temperature and rainyness, and rugged terrain.
(2) Nickel ore exports adopt sea transportation. Rainy weather reduces the number of shipping times, reduces transportation speed, and reduces export transportation volume. Landslides, mudslides, and floods are frequent during the rainy season, hindering landslides from mining areas to ports to increase the weight of goods and increase transportation costs.
(3) Indonesia's industrial structure is single; nickel ore is prohibited from being exported and attracting investment, and undertakes the transfer of related industries; drives the development of related industries, extends the industrial chain to develop deep processing of nickel ore, promotes industrial upgrading, promotes diversification of industrial structure, and optimizes industrial structure.
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This question takes nickel ore mining in Sulawesi as a material, involving knowledge points such as industrial location factors and industrial structure adjustment, and tests students' ability to obtain information from materials and apply the knowledge they have learned, and cultivates students' core literacy such as regional cognition and comprehensive thinking.
[Small Question 1 Detailed Explanation]
Analysis of the natural conditions for the development of nickel ore in Sulawesi Island. From the local resource reserves, terrain and mining difficulty, the favorable conditions for the development of nickel ore in local nickel ore are more reserved and rich in resources. At the same time, the nickel ore in Sulawesi Island is shallow and easy to mine. Unfavorable conditions can be seen from the local climate that Sulawesi Island has a tropical rainforest climate, a high temperature and humid climate, and a rugged local terrain, which is not conducive to the development of large-scale mineral resources.
[Small Question 2 Detailed explanation]
When Sulawesi is rainy, there is more precipitation in the local area. Excessive precipitation will cause local mudslides and landslides, blocking the island's road transportation. More rainy weather will also hinder the departure of ships transporting nickel ore. Sulawesi's nickel ore is mainly exported through sea transportation. At the same time, with rainy weather, rainwater will be mixed in nickel ore products, increasing the weight of transportation, and thus increasing the cost of transportation.
[Small Question 3 Detailed explanation]
combines materials and knowledge learned. Indonesia is a developing country with a relatively single industrial structure. If the local area uses raw ore exports from nickel ore for a long time, it is not conducive to upgrading the local industrial structure. Therefore, the local government will ban the export of raw ore. By producing nickel products, the Indonesian government will attract a lot of foreign investment, thereby improving the local industrial structure level and driving the development of related industries. The entry of foreign investment will extend the processing chain of the local nickel industry, expanding many jobs, and promoting the overall upgrading of the local industrial structure.
29. Read the material and complete the following questions.
Materials Since 2017, Guizhou Province has vigorously developed transportation construction and strengthened the connection between the east and west of my country. The following picture is a brief picture of Guizhou Province and its surrounding areas.
(1) Analyze the difficulties in Guizhou's transportation construction from the perspective of topography.
(2) Guizhou's pepper planting area ranks first in the country. It points out the positive role of Guizhou's transportation construction in exporting peppers in the province.
(3) The development of Guizhou's transportation will significantly strengthen the connection between my country's Sichuan-Chongqing region and ____ (fill in the "Pearl River Delta" or "Yangtze River Delta"). Please explain the reason from the perspective of location and terrain.
[Answer] (1) The terrain is fluctuating, karst landforms, and land transportation is difficult to build; river flows fast, inland shipping is underdeveloped; it is located on the inland plateau and lacks harbors.
(2) Accelerate the speed of export, increase the volume of export, expand the scope of export, and obtain market dynamic information in a timely manner.
(3) ①. Pearl River Delta ②. Guizhou is located between the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan-Chongqing region, and Guizhou is located on the plateau, hindering the connection between the Sichuan-Chongqing region and the Pearl River Delta.
[Analysis]
[Analysis] This question takes Guizhou Province's vigorous development of transportation construction as background information, examines the location factors of transportation construction, the impact of transportation construction, and requires candidates to accurately obtain and interpret geographical information, mobilize and use geographical knowledge to answer questions.
[Small Question 1 Detailed Explanation]
Reading the map shows that Guizhou has a large altitude difference, large terrain, many distributions of stone forests and peak forests, karst landforms, unstable geological conditions, and difficult land transportation construction; the terrain gap is large, so the river flows fast, inland shipping is underdeveloped, and water transportation conditions are poor; it is located on an inland plateau, not facing the sea, lacks seaports, and underdeveloped seaports.
[Small Question 2 Detailed explanation]
Guizhou transportation construction is conducive to the transportation and sales of peppers in the province. Guizhou's transportation conditions are not developed enough, which affects Guizhou's chili pepper transportation and sales. Transportation construction is conducive to accelerating the export speed of chili peppers, while increasing the sales volume of chili peppers and expanding the scope of export, which is conducive to Guizhou to obtain market dynamic information in a timely manner and to facilitate pepper sales.
[Small Question 3 Detailed explanation]
Guizhou is located between the Pearl River Delta and the Sichuan-Chongqing region, located on the plateau, with large undulating terrain and inconvenient transportation, hindering the connection between the Sichuan-Chongqing region and the Pearl River Delta. The development of Guizhou's transportation will significantly strengthen the connection between my country's Sichuan-Chongqing region and the Pearl River Delta region and promote economic development.
