1. The principle of attribution invariance means that people will look for an invariable connection between a specific result and a specific cause. If a specific cause is always accompanied by a certain result in many situations, people will attribute the specific result to It comes down to that reason. The principle of attribution discounting means that people do not fully believe that the formation of a certain phenomenon is indeed caused by a certain reason, that is, the role of a specific cause in producing a specific result should be "discounted" if there are other plausible reasons.
According to the above definition, what is not reflected in the two types of attribution principles is:
A. When a star in a TV commercial promotes shampoo, the audience feels that her hair is not entirely due to the shampoo
B. Entrepreneurship failure will always cause Entrepreneurs are burdened with debts. Entrepreneur Ronaldinho has racked up debts in recent years. His friends believe that he must have failed in his business.
C After representing many divorce cases, lawyer Xiaolin found statistics that most disputes in divorce proceedings are related to property disputes.
D to one Analysis of a series of thefts shows that the same man has appeared at the scene, and people easily assume that the man is the suspect
2. Urban production space optimization refers to the process of promoting production optimization through the adjustment of the scale and layout of urban industrial development space; cities Living space optimization refers to improving the convenience of residents' lives and improving the living environment of residents by adjusting the distribution and relative distance of different types of living spaces in the city on the basis of improving the accessibility of urban residents' employment, services, parks and green spaces and other activity spaces. Improve residents' quality of life.
Based on the above definition, the following does not belong to urban living space optimization:
A certain city this year combined with the new round of urban quality improvement projects, coordinated the implementation of demolition of walls and greening, and continued to build a number of high-quality projects. A total of 978 green spots were demolished, and the total length of the demolished walls was 83,510 meters. A certain provincial capital city relocated its original bus factory, glass factory, steel rolling mill, and other factories to the same industrial park, which not only saved the company's Logistics costs, and formed a complete industrial chain
C A certain city plans to build and improve public parking facilities in its old city and new development areas to make up for parking shortcomings. It plans to add 13 new parking lots and 3327 berths
D For a long time , there were many dirty and messy small workshops on both sides of the river in a certain city. During the river transportation improvement process, the city demolished these small workshops
3. Anaphora is used to refer to a language unit (anaphora) in grammatical description idiom) The process or result of deriving its own interpretation from a previously expressed unit or meaning (antecedent). Anaphora can be divided into direct anaphora and indirect anaphora. Direct anaphora means that there is an obvious coreference relationship between the anaphora and the antecedent, and the anaphora is the repetition of the antecedent. Indirect anaphora means that the relationship between the anaphora and the antecedent is not obvious and must be determined through specific context to establish it.
According to the above definition, the relationship between the antecedent and anaphora reflected in the underlined part below belongs to direct anaphora:
A wants to express gratitude to the people who came to the meeting. They are thanking us for coming to the meeting. Support
B There were many tricycles parked at the door, and many cart drivers were standing there idle
C This house is quite elegant, the door is made of nanmu
D He came to the restaurant before lunch and ordered a cup of coffee, and the waiter was an Italian
4 .Chemical sedimentation refers to the process of precipitation and accumulation when the chemical conditions change after the substances transported in the form of colloidal solution and true solution arrive at a suitable place in the water medium. Among them, colloidal solution refers to a solution containing solid particulate matter or polymer compounds of a certain size, and true solution refers to an aqueous solution with higher transparency.
According to the above definition, the following are not chemical sedimentations:
A. In arid climate areas, lake water seldom leaks out. Evaporation increases and accumulates sodium chloride in the lake water, turning it into a saltwater lake.
. B. Green clay in sea water When the mineral flows with water, it will aggregate with colloidal substances containing aluminum and iron to form glauconite
C. Phosphorus-rich seawater rises to shallow sea areas. As the pressure decreases and the temperature increases, phosphorus precipitates and deposits. Forming phosphate rock
D Biological skeletons in lakes absorb carbon dioxide in the air to form calcium carbonate. When the concentration of calcium carbonate reaches a certain level, it accumulates on the seabed to form limestone
5. Spontaneous order: refers to the specific Social habits that exist in a group and are spontaneously formed by the behavior of everyone and have an inherent influence or restriction on individual members.
The following does not belong to spontaneous order:
A A certain county is a famous hometown of martial arts, and people of all ages can master one and a half moves
B Not long after coming to China, Yani quickly learned to use "Have you eaten" to communicate with others? Say hello
C The intersection is busy during the morning rush hour, and not a single private car occupies the dedicated bus lane
D A certain village has formed a culture of filial piety for the elderly over the years. If a junior quarrels with an elder, the whole village will look down on him
Reference answer for political education:
1. Step one: Find the defining keywords.
The principle of attribution invariance: "A certain cause is always accompanied by a certain result in many situations", "People will attribute the specific result to that cause";
The principle of attribution discounting: "People do not fully believe it The formation of a certain phenomenon is indeed caused by a certain reason."
Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
Item A: In this item, the audience feels that the star’s hair is not entirely due to shampoo, which is in line with “people do not fully believe that the formation of a certain phenomenon is caused by some reason” and is in line with the definition of the attribution discount principle , exclude;
Entrepreneurship failure is consistent with "people will attribute specific results to that reason" and is consistent with the definition of the principle of attribution invariance, excluded;
Item C: In this item, lawyer Xiaolin found that most disputes in divorce proceedings are related to property disputes, and It does not reflect whether people attribute the result of divorce proceedings to property disputes. It does not comply with "a specific reason is always accompanied by a certain result in many situations" and "people will attribute a specific result to that reason". It does not comply with Definition of the principle of attribution invariance. At the same time, this item does not reflect people's doubts about the cause of property disputes. It does not comply with "people do not fully believe that the formation of a certain phenomenon is caused by some reason" and does not comply with the principle of attribution discount. Definition, elected;
Item D: The same man appears at the scene of the theft in this item, which is consistent with "a certain cause is always accompanied by a certain result in many situations", and people can easily assume that the man is the person responsible for the theft. Criminal suspects who meet the definition of "people will attribute a specific result to that cause" and the principle of attribution invariance are excluded.
This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is C.
2. The first step: find out the defining keywords.
Optimization of urban production space: "Adjustment of the scale and layout of urban industrial development space", "Promoting production optimization";
Optimization of urban living space: "Adjustment of the distribution and relative distance of different types of urban living spaces", "Improvement of various types of urban residents' activity space accessibility” and “improving residents’ quality of life”.
Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
Item A: The demolition of walls in a certain city to make them green is an adjustment from the perspective of urban green space, which is in line with "adjusting the distribution and relative distance of different types of living spaces in the city", and the project has effectively beautified the living environment of urban residents and is in line with "improving the living environment of urban residents". "Residents' quality of life", in line with the definition of "urban living space optimization", excluded;
Item B: The relocation of bus factories, glass factories and other factories to the same industrial park is an adjustment from the perspective of industrial distribution space, in line with the "urban industrial development space" "Adjustment of scale and layout", the adjustment saves the company's logistics costs, conforms to the definition of "promoting production optimization", conforms to the definition of "urban production space optimization", does not conform to the definition of "urban living space optimization", was elected;
The addition of new parking lots and parking spaces in urban areas and newly developed areas is an optimization and adjustment of the infrastructure in residents’ activity spaces, in line with “adjustment of the distribution and relative distances of different types of urban living spaces.” The new parking spaces can make residents’ daily lives more convenient. It is more convenient to park in the middle, which is in line with "improving the quality of residents' life" and in line with the definition of "optimization of urban living space", excluded;
Item D: The removal of dirty and messy small workshops gathered on both sides of the inner river in the urban area can improve the urban environment and is in line with " "Adjusting the distribution and relative distance of different types of urban living spaces" and "improving the quality of residents' life" are in line with the definition of "optimization of urban living spaces" and are excluded.
This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is B.
3. The first step: find out the defining keywords.
Anaphora: "Used to refer to the process or result of a language unit (anaphora) deriving its own interpretation from a previously expressed unit or meaning (antecedent)";
Direct anaphora: "Anaphora and There is an obvious coreference relationship between the antecedent and the antecedent." "Anaphora is a repetition of the antecedent.";
Indirect anaphora: "The relationship between the antecedent and the antecedent is not obvious." "It must be judged through a specific context." establish".
Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
Item A: The antecedent in the option is "the people who came to attend the meeting", and the anaphora is "people". "People" is used to refer to the "people who came to attend the meeting" mentioned in the previous article, which conforms to the "return" There is an obvious coreference relationship between the antecedent and the antecedent" and "anaphora is the repetition of the antecedent", which conforms to the definition of "direct anaphora" and is selected;
Item B: The antecedent in the option is "tricycle", and the anaphora It is "rickshaw driver". The former is an object and the latter is a person. There is no obvious coreference relationship between the two. "rickshaw driver" is not a repetition of "tricycle", which does not meet the requirement that "anaphora and antecedent have an obvious coreference relationship." "," Anaphora is the repetition of the antecedent", which does not meet the definition of "direct anaphora" and is excluded;
item C: The antecedent in the option is "this house", the anaphora is "door", and the former is the whole , the latter is part of the former, there is no obvious coreference relationship between the two, and "door" is not a repetition of "house", which does not meet the requirements of "there is an obvious coreference relationship between anaphora and antecedent" and "anaphora" It is a repetition of the antecedent" and does not meet the definition of "direct anaphora" and is excluded;
item D: The antecedent in the option is "restaurant" and the anaphora is "waiter". The former is a place and the latter is a person. The second There is no obvious coreference relationship between them, and "waiter" is not a repetition of "restaurant", which does not comply with "the anaphora has an obvious coreference relationship with the antecedent" and "the anaphora is a repetition of the antecedent". Meets the definition of "direct anaphora" and is excluded.
Therefore the correct answer is A.
4. The first step: find out the defining keywords.
Chemical deposition: "aqueous medium", "transported in the form of colloidal solution and true solution", "precipitation and accumulation occur when chemical conditions change";
colloidal solution: "containing solid particulate matter or polymers of a certain size Solution of compound";
True solution: "aqueous solution with high transparency".
Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
Item A: Lake water is an aqueous medium, which qualifies as a "highly transparent aqueous solution." Evaporation causes the sodium chloride in the lake water to increase and accumulate, turning it into a saltwater lake. That is, the final substance transported by the lake water is sodium chloride, which qualifies as "when the chemical conditions change." When "precipitation and accumulation occur", it meets the definition and is excluded;
Item B: Seawater is a water medium and conforms to "aqueous solution with high transparency". Green clay minerals flow with seawater and aggregate with colloidal substances containing aluminum and iron to form glauconite. , consistent with "transportation in the form of colloidal solution and true solution", "precipitation and accumulation when chemical conditions change", consistent with the definition, excluded;
Item C: Seawater is an aqueous medium, consistent with "aqueous solution with high transparency", The reduction of pressure and the increase of temperature lead to the precipitation and deposition of phosphate to form phosphate rock, which is consistent with "transportation in the form of colloidal solution and true solution" and "precipitation and accumulation when chemical conditions change", which is consistent with the definition and excluded;
item D : The lake is a water medium, which conforms to the "aqueous solution with high transparency", but the limestone finally formed by the biological skeleton is not the precipitation and accumulation that occurs when transported in the form of a true solution. It belongs to biological sedimentation and does not meet the "when chemical conditions change, Produce precipitation and accumulation", which does not meet the definition and was elected.
This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is D.
5. Step one: find out the defining keywords.
“Spontaneously formed by the behavior of everyone” and “a social habit that has an inherent influence or restriction on individual members”.
Step 2: Analyze the options one by one.
Item A: People of all ages in the hometown of martial arts know how to perform one and a half moves, which is in line with "spontaneously formed by the behavior of everyone", and a single person among them can perform one and a half moves, which is in line with "social habits that have an inherent influence or restriction on individual members" , in line with the definition, excluded;
Item B: Chinese people use "Have you eaten" to greet others, which is consistent with "spontaneously formed by the behavior of everyone". Under this influence, Yani quickly learned this way of greeting, which is consistent with "for individual members." "Social habits with inherent influence or constraints", consistent with the definition, excluded;
Item C: Private cars not occupying dedicated bus lanes during morning peak hours is a requirement of traffic regulations , and does not meet the requirements of "spontaneously formed by the behavior of many people" and does not meet the definition , elected;
Item D: The formation of a culture of filial piety to the elderly in a certain village is in line with "spontaneously formed by the behavior of everyone", and quarreling between juniors and elders will be looked down upon by the whole village, in line with "social habits that have an inherent influence or restriction on individual members", Meets definition, excludes.
This question is a multiple-choice question, so the correct answer is C.
